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Costa Rica Travel Guide

Capital:

San José.

Geography:

Located on the Central American isthmus, Costa Rica borders the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, Nicaragua to the north and Panama to the south.

Costa Rica sits along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Volcanoes, both active and dormant, run from the northwest to the central valley and continue onwards to the southeast. The Central Volcanic Mountain Range draws the most visitors, as it features Arenal (which erupts from time to time) and Irazu (the country's highest volcano). About 45km (28mi) west of Irazu is San José, the country's capital.

Costa Rica's highest peak is Cerro Chirripó (3,821m or 12,536ft), which is part of the Talamanca Range in the southeast. From the summit, you can see the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean on a clear day.

Along both coastlines, lowlands, wetlands, and miles of sandy beaches backed by dense tropical rainforest are the defining characteristics.

Government:

Republic.

Head Of State:

President Rodrigo Chaves Robles since 2022.

Head Of Government:

President Rodrigo Chaves Robles since 2022.

Electricity:

120 volts AC, 60Hz. North American-style plugs with two flat pins (with or without a round grounding pin) are standard.

Overview

Capital:

San José.

Geography:

Located on the Central American isthmus, Costa Rica borders the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, Nicaragua to the north and Panama to the south.

Costa Rica sits along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Volcanoes, both active and dormant, run from the northwest to the central valley and continue onwards to the southeast. The Central Volcanic Mountain Range draws the most visitors, as it features Arenal (which erupts from time to time) and Irazu (the country's highest volcano). About 45km (28mi) west of Irazu is San José, the country's capital.

Costa Rica's highest peak is Cerro Chirripó (3,821m or 12,536ft), which is part of the Talamanca Range in the southeast. From the summit, you can see the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean on a clear day.

Along both coastlines, lowlands, wetlands, and miles of sandy beaches backed by dense tropical rainforest are the defining characteristics.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

The national carrier is Avianca Costa Rica, based at the country's main airport, Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO) in Alajuela, 17km (11mi) northwest of San José. Many international airlines also fly to Costa Rica; among them are Aeroméxico, Air Canada, American Airlines, British Airways, Delta, Jet Blue, KLM, Lufthansa, and Southwest.

In the north-western corner of Costa Rica, Daniel Oduber International Airport (LIR) in Liberia receives specific flights for tourists visiting the region, namely Guanacaste, Monteverde and La Fortuna.

Departure Tax

US$29. Many airlines include the departure tax in their fares, but if they don't, you pay at the Bancredito kiosk in the Departures area.

Flight Times

To Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO) in Alajuela, near San José: from London - 11 hours; New York - 5 hours.

Getting There By Road

Costa Rica borders Nicaragua to the north and Panama to the south. Accordingly, you can drive from these neighbouring countries to Costa Rica, especially via the Carretera Interamericana (Pan-American Highway), a network of routes that stretches from Laredo in northern Mexico to Buenos Aires in Argentina and conveniently runs through Costa Rica.

From Nicaragua, the primary land crossing is at Peñas Blancas, while from Panama, the main land crossing is at Paso Canoas.

If you plan to enter Costa Rica by using a long-distance coach service, check out Tica Bus (www.ticabus.com) and TransNica (www.transnica.com).

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

Aerobell (www.aerobell.com) and SANSA (www.flysansa.com) run domestic services within Costa Rica.

Bike

Bicycle rentals are available in selected tourist destinations.

Breakdown Services

Contact your car hire company.

Car Hire

International and local car hire companies are available in popular tourist destinations.

You must be over 21 and have a full driving licence from your own country to hire a car in Costa Rica. You're advised to carefully note and confirm any damage or scratches to the vehicle before driving off.

Beware that thieves may target your rental car, so park in a secured lot and don't leave anything in the car. Also, there have been reports about scams involving sudden flat tires on rental cars and helpful locals turning out to be robbers. It pays to remain vigilant.

Coach

Many travellers claim that if one isn't in a hurry, the best way to get around Costa Rica is by taking a coach, as all coaches run on scheduled timetables. They are also cheaper than taxis and offer a more relaxed experience than renting a car.

If you are willing to pay a bit more, look for a shared shuttle, which typically comes in an air-conditioned van with seats for up to 12 passengers.

Documentation

Foreign drivers must have a valid driver's licence from their home country or an International Driving Permit. Car hire documents and insurance are also essential.

Getting Around By Rail

There is a network of train routes radiating from San José to Cartago, Pavas, Pacífico, Belén, Heredia, Orotina and Alajuela.

Regulations

Unless otherwise indicated, the speed limits are 40kph (25mph) in urban areas, 60kph (37mph) on secondary roads and 120kph (75mph) on highways.

Seat belts must be worn by all occupants of the vehicle.

Getting Around By Road

Costa Rica has a good network of roads connecting cities and popular attractions. Intrepid travellers may choose to drive from San José to nearby national parks, namely Braulio Carrillo, Poás, and Tapantí Macizo de la Muerte.

The primary roads are Route 1 (connecting San José and Nicaragua via Peñas Blancas), Route 2 (connecting San José and Panama via Paso Canoas) and Route 32 (connecting San José and Puerto Limón on the Caribbean side). Routes 1 and 2 are part of the Interamericana.

Petrol stations are available (with some operating 24 hours along the Interamericana), although you are advised to fill up whenever you have the opportunity.

Road Classification

Costa Rica classifies its national roads into primary (1 to 39), secondary (100 to 257) and tertiary (300 and above). A few highways have tolls and you are advised to carry colones or US dollars (in low denominations).

Road Quality

Away from the Interamericana and roads around San José, road conditions vary from passable to gravel and precarious river crossings. During the rainy season, flooding and landslides are common.

Side Of Road

r

Taxi

All airport taxis are orange.

Official metered red taxis are available in cities but in smaller towns you may need to arrange for a private hire – in this case, negotiate a price first. Carry Costa Rican colónes or US dollars in small denominations. It has been reported that some drivers don't want to turn on the meter or claim the meter is broken.

Ride-hailing apps are available in some cities.

Travel Advice

Before you travel 

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

Travel insurance 

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

Get travel advice updates

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated. 

Follow and contact FCDO:   

This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of Costa Rica's current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Costa Rica set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Costa Rican Embassy in the UK

Passport validity requirements  

Your passport must have an 'expiry date' at least 1 day after the day you plan to leave Costa Rica. 

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.  

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen. 

Visa requirements 

You can visit Costa Rica without a visa for up to 180 days under a tourist visa waiver. The exact period is at the discretion of the immigration officer on arrival.

If you plan to work, or stay for a longer period, you should check the requirements with the Costa Rican Embassy in the UK.    

If you overstay, the immigration authorities can fine you 100 US dollars for each month and refuse future applications to enter Costa Rica.

Airport tax 

When leaving the country by air, you may need to pay a departure tax of 29 US dollars. Most airlines include this in ticket prices. If you need to pay it, you can use cash or card. 

Vaccine requirements  

To enter Costa Rica, you must have a certificate to prove you've had a yellow fever vaccination if you're coming from a country listed as a transmission risk.

For details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Costa Rica guide.

Customs rules 

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of Costa Rica. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.  

Taking money into Costa Rica  

Declare cash, travellers cheques or goods if the value is 10,000 US dollars or more. You will get a certified declaration to show you brought it in with you. If you do not, your money or goods could be seized when you leave.   

Terrorism  

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times. 

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad

Terrorism in Costa Rica 

Although there's no history of terrorism in Costa Rica, attacks cannot be ruled out.  

Crime 

Protecting your belongings 

Muggings and theft are significant problems, particularly on the Atlantic coast. You should: 

  • be aware of who is around you when using ATMs 

  • be vigilant on buses and keep your luggage in view if possible – thieves are likely to try and distract you 
  • watch wallets and valuables when on the beach 
  • avoid leaving luggage in a parked car, either in view or in the boot 

There have been incidents where thieves slash a tyre and then offer to help change it, while an accomplice steals from the car.  

Violent crime  

Avoid walking alone in poorly lit or remote areas at night. Gangs occasionally carry out muggings and armed robberies. A number of foreign nationals including one British national have gone missing in recent years, with some incidents related to criminal activity. 

If you're using a hire car, do not stop your car for strangers signalling for help – they could be carjackers.  

Criminals sometimes cause deliberate collisions to stop vehicles and commit robberies or other crimes. If you think a collision was a deliberate act by another driver to make you stop, drive on until you reach a safe place like a police station or garage. You will need to be able to explain your actions to the traffic police.

Spiked drinks and sexual assault 

Rapes and sexual assaults have increased, some of which appear targeted toward tourists. Avoid leaving drinks unattended in bars as there have been reports of 'spiked' drinks resulting in assault and theft. 

Women travelling alone have reported having to pay extra attention to their personal safety. 

See advice for women travelling abroad.

Methanol poisoning 

People, including British nationals, have died or  suffered serious illness caused by alcoholic drinks containing methanol. Criminal gangs have apparently used methanol in the manufacture of cheap brands of local spirits, including vodka and 'guaro' (cane liquor). Take care when buying spirit-based drinks. 

The Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) says that methanol can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, seriously damage the optic nerve, and can cause respiratory or cardiac failure. If you, or someone you are travelling with, shows signs of methanol poisoning, seek immediate medical attention.

To protect yourself from methanol poisoning:

  • buy alcoholic beverages only from licensed liquor stores
  • buy drinks only at licensed bars and hotels
  • avoid home-made alcoholic drinks
  • check bottle seals are intact
  • check labels for poor print quality or incorrect spelling

Methanol is tasteless and odourless. TravelHealthPro lists the symptoms of methanol poisoning. Seek urgent medical attention if you or someone you are travelling with show signs of methanol poisoning.

Laws and cultural differences  

Personal ID 

As a foreigner, you must carry ID such as a passport. The police will usually accept a printed copy. Make sure you have the original available somewhere safe in case they ask to see it. 

Illegal drugs and prison sentences 

Do not get involved with drugs of any kind. The Costa Rican authorities treat the possession of drugs and drug trafficking severely. The minimum sentence is 8 years imprisonment. 

LGBT+ travellers 

Costa Rica is generally welcoming of LGBT+ travellers. Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism  

Swimming safety 

While swimming on any beach in Costa Rica, bear in mind that rip currents are very common and there are often no lifeguards. Seek reliable local advice. Drownings are the second most common cause of accidental death and in recent years have averaged 50 to 60 per year, a third of whom were tourists. 

Take extra care if participating in tours involving snorkelling or similar activities. There have been recent fatalities. 

There are regular sightings of crocodiles along the Pacific coast near beaches popular with surfers, from Playa Azul down to Playa Esterillos, and there have been attacks in recent years.

See water safety on holiday from the Royal Life Saving Society.

Water sports 

Safety standards for adventure activities and on small boats are variable. There have been several incidents involving small boats in the Tortuguero area, including a fatality due to a falling tree. If you plan to take part any of these activities, use an established company with experienced staff.

See ⁠watersports safety advice from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (ROSPA).

Rainforest tours and Adventure Tourism. 

If you are visiting jungle areas, go with an experienced local guide. Make sure you get appropriate insurance that covers you for all the activities you want to do. This includes activities such as quad biking, surfing, rock-climbing and zip-lining which can be hazardous but are frequently excluded from general travel insurance policies.

Transport risks  

Road travel  

If you're planning to drive in Costa Rica, see information on driving abroad

Private cars are only allowed to enter the capital of San José on certain weekdays, allocated using the last digit of the licence plate number. Your hire car company can give you more details. 

You can use a UK photocard driving licence to drive in Costa Rica for up to 180 days,  depending on the length of stay you have been granted as a Tourist.

If you still have a paper driving licence, you may need to update it to a photocard licence or get an  international driving permit. Border authorities may refuse entry to right-hand drive vehicles as they're illegal and do not qualify for local insurance.

The standard of driving is lower than in the UK. Drivers cause accidents by speeding, overtaking irresponsibly or ignoring traffic lights. Take care when approaching bridges over the road as these often narrow the road to a single lane. 

Road conditions are generally good on main routes. However, in the rainy season, heavy rains can cause potholes and landslides that block the roads.  

If you have an accident where somebody has been injured or where the other driver does not accept blame, you must not move your vehicle until the traffic police have arrived. Contact the traffic police ('transito' – telephone: 2222 9330 or 2222 9245) and the insurance investigator (INS – telephone: 800 800 8000) immediately.

Taxis 

Avoid using unofficial taxis ('taxi piratas'). Official taxis are red (or orange at the airport) with a triangular sticker and plastic box on the roof with the name and number of the taxi company. It's best to use radio-dispatched taxis. Make sure the driver's ID is clearly visible on the dashboard and that the driver uses the meter.

Airport disruptions

Services at the Liberia Airport (LIR – Daniel Oduber International) in Guanacaste have been subject to interruptions. You should monitor carefully information from your travel provider when travelling to and from this airport.

Extreme weather and natural disasters 

See extreme weather and natural hazards for information about how to prepare, and how to react if there is a warning. 

Hurricanes  

The hurricane season usually runs from June to November – the same as the hurricane season in the Caribbean. Monitor the National Hurricane Center forecasts and the World Meteorological Organization warnings. Follow the advice of local authorities, including any evacuation orders. Keep up to date with FCDO travel advice and social media. Plan any local travel carefully.

Flooding  

The June-November period is also the peak rainy season. Flooding and landslides may occur, resulting in road closures and driving hazards.

Earthquakes 

There is a risk of earthquakes: movements greater than magnitude 6 occur periodically. Local infrastructure is well-prepared, and earthquakes seldom have widespread effects. The US Federal Emergency Management Agency website has advice about what to do before, during and after an earthquake or a tsunami

Volcanic eruptions 

Costa Rica has 16 volcanoes, several of which are considered active. The risk of eruptions is always present. The most recent significant eruption was at Volcan Rincon de la Vieja on 21 April 2023. 

Check news reports and follow local advice before travelling to any areas around volcanoes. Avoid volcanic areas during and immediately after heavy rainfall when there's increased risk of lava flows.

Ash plumes can affect air quality and have an impact on health. If you have any pre-existing respiratory conditions, you might be at increased risk of triggering or worsening your symptoms. A properly fitted face mask may provide some protection.  

Before you travel check that: 

  • your destination can provide the healthcare you may need 
  • you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation 

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number 

Call 911 and ask for an ambulance. 

Contact your insurance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks 

To enter Costa Rica, you must have a certificate to prove you've had a yellow fever vaccination if you're coming from a country listed as a transmission risk.

For details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Costa Rica guide.

See what health risks you'll face in Costa Rica, including:

  • malaria
  • dengue
  • Zika Virus

Medication 

Prescriptions from the UK cannot be used locally. To find a pharmacy ('farmacia') look for one of the big national chains such as Farmacia Fischel, Farmacia Sucre, FarmaValue, Farmacia Saba, or Farmacia Santa Lucia, among others; a quick search online should help you to identify the nearest one open. 

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro

Healthcare in Costa Rica  

Medical care in Costa Rica is of a generally high standard. Ambulance services in remote areas may vary. Only initial emergency medical treatment is available without charge for visitors. Subsequent treatment will be charged. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad and repatriation.

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Costa Rica where some staff will speak English.

Travel and mental health 

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel. 

Emergency services in Costa Rica  

Telephone: 911 (ambulance, fire, police)

Contact your travel provider and insurer 

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel 

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first. 

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including: 

  • where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider 
  • how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO 

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including: 

Contacting FCDO 

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow and contact FCDO: 

Risk information for British companies  

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating in Costa Rica on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

Vaccinations

Title Special Precautions
Yellow Fever No*
Typhoid Yes
Tetanus Yes
Rabies Sometimes
Malaria Sometimes
Hepatitis A Yes
Diphtheria Sometimes

Overview:

The standards of healthcare in Costa Rica are excellent and among the best in Latin America. It has a government-run public healthcare system, but it also has private hospitals and clinics offering quality services at affordable prices. Having said that, travellers are recommended to purchase health insurance before travelling.

Vaccinations Note:

* A Yellow Fever vaccination certificate is required if visitors are from Angola, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ecuador, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Guyana, Liberia, Nigeria, Peru, Sierra Leone, Sudan, and Venezuela.

Food Drink:

Tap water in Costa Rica is chlorinated and safe to drink, although it may cause mild abdominal upsets to people with sensitive stomachs.

Dairy products are pasteurised and safe for consumption. Local meat, poultry and seafood are safe to eat, provided that they are cooked and served hot. Fruits should be peeled and vegetables should be washed.

Other Risks:

There is a risk of Zika virus transmission, spread mainly through mosquito bites. The illness is usually mild but women who are pregnant or planning pregnancy should seek further advice from their doctor before travelling to Costa Rica.

In addition, Diphtheria, Hepatitis A, Rabies and Tetanus are other vaccines that your doctor may recommend.

Currency Information:

Costa Rican colón, plural colónes, (CRC; symbol ₡) = 100 céntimos. Notes are in denominations of ₡50,000, 20,000, 10,000, 5,000, 2,000 and 1,000. Coins are in denominations of ₡500, 100, 50, 25, 20, 10, 5 and 1.

US dollars (in small denominations) are widely accepted.

Credit Cards:

All major credit cards are accepted. However, cash is likely to be the only form of payment in rural areas.

ATMs:

ATMs are widely available in every town and city, but not common in the countryside.

Travellers Cheques:

Travellers' cheques are no longer popular and should be avoided.

Banking Hours:

Mon-Fri 0800-1500. Some branches may have different operating hours.

Currency Restrictions:

While there are no restrictions to importing and exporting local currency and US dollars, anyone with more than US$10,000 or equivalent must declare the amount they are carrying. Failing to declare may see your money being seized.

Currency Exchange:

Available at banks and bureaux de change. Many shops allow visitors to pay for goods in US dollars, although they may not use the correct exchange rate.

Currencies

Code Symbol
CRC

Exchange Rates

571.52
680.65
549.11

Language

Spanish is the official language, while English is widely spoken. In some parts of the Caribbean coast, Creole is spoken.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

.

List Of Public Holidays

Title Start Date To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day 2024-01-01 00:00:00 0
Easter Sunday 2024-03-31 00:00:00 0
Juan Santamar 2024-04-11 00:00:00 0
Labour Day 2024-05-01 00:00:00 0
Guanacaste Day 2024-07-25 00:00:00 0
Virgin of Los Angeles, Feast of Patroness of Costa Rica 2024-08-02 00:00:00 0
Mother's Day 2024-08-15 00:00:00 0
Assumption 2024-08-15 00:00:00 0
Independence Day 2024-09-15 00:00:00 0
D 2024-10-12 00:00:00 0
Christmas Day 2024-12-25 00:00:00 0

Note:

Some holidays falling on the weekend are observed the following Monday.

Overview:

The following goods may be imported into Costa Rica without incurring customs duty:
• 500g tobacco.
• 5L of alcoholic beverages (travellers aged over 18 only).
• Goods to the value of up to US$500.
• Up to 2kg for sweets.

.

Banned Imports:

Pork products, fresh produce, seeds and plants are not allowed. Firearms are restricted, meaning you must have a permit and declare on entry.

If you plan to take your medicine, make sure that you only carry the necessary quantity, which must be correctly labelled. You should also have a prescription from your doctor detailing the purpose and usage.

Telephone:

The dialling code for Costa Rica is +506. Public payphones exist, but they are becoming rarer as most people now use mobile phones.

Mobile Telephone:

Costa Rica has excellent mobile coverage in cities and towns, but coverage can be sporadic outside urban areas. Buying a local SIM card (for an unlocked phone) is the best way to avoid paying roaming charges. The three leading prepaid mobile companies are Kölbi, Movistar and Claro, with Kölbi being the most popular. A passport is required for the purchase of a prepaid SIM card.

Internet:

Most hotels and guesthouses provide Wi-Fi.

Post

Correos de Costa Rica manages the postal service.

Post Office Hours:

Mon-Fri 0800-1700.

Canopy tours

Born in the 90s in Costa Rica, canopy ziplining tours offer visitors a chance to glide above tree-tops and enjoy the up-close views of wildlife, including birds and monkeys. Tours are available in several locations, and some of the best places to experience a zipline thrill are Arenal, Braulio Carrillo and Monteverde. For those who prefer a gentler pursuit, try the Treetop Walk in Monteverde.

Whitewater rafting

Costa Rica has some thrillingly turbulent rivers, where whitewater rafters take the plunge through the rapids. Two of the country's best rivers for rafting are the Reventazón and Pacuare. The latter is where many rafters enjoy a two-day trip in which they camp, swim, and check out toucans, sloths and monkeys in the surrounding rainforest.

Volcanoes

As part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, Costa Rica is sprinkled with volcanoes, including five active ones. Volcanoes, most of which and their surrounding areas have been into national parks, attract thousands of visitors each year. For those who are interested, there are three volcanic ranges: the Guanacaste Range in the northwest, the Central Volcanic Range, and the Talamanca Range in the southeast.

National Parks

Costa Rica's 28 national parks are the country's greatest glory, holding about 5% of the world's biodiversity. Each park offers something unique, from lofty volcanoes to white-sand beaches and extraordinary natural habitats for nearly half a million species. It is comforting to know that the country's natural wonders are never far away.

Rural tourism

Aiming to provide an authentic experience, rural tourism allows visitors to discover 'Pura Vida', referring to a simple, peaceful lifestyle that focuses on customs, traditions, and relationships while immersing in the country's natural diversity.

San José

San José, Costa Rica's vibrant capital city, lies in the Central Valley. It has fascinating museums, among them the Pre-Columbian Gold Museum, Jade Museum, and the National Museum are highly revered. Its bustling Central Market (Mercado Central) has over 200 stalls selling everything from cowboy boots to local bounty.

Guayabo National Monument

Near Turrialba in the Central Valley, Guayabo is Costa Rica's most important archaeological site, populated by indigenous groups between 300 BCE and 1400 AD. The highlights include a 700-year old aqueduct, a stone walkway and several circular mounds said to be supporting conical structures in the past.

Eco-tourism

Costa Ricans like to point out that sustainability isn't just a practice, but a way of life. Apart from preserving some 25% of its natural treasure, the country also produces nearly 93% of its electricity from renewable sources and has various programmes measuring the level of sustainability within the tourism industry.

The Pacific side

Divided into several sections, Costa Rica's Pacific coast is packed with many riches, from must-see natural wonders to arguably the world's most beautiful beaches. Guanacaste, the northern section, is revered for its seaside towns, while the South Pacific coast, specifically its massive Corcovado National Park, is said to be the world's biologically richest place.

Flora and fauna

Covering just 51,100km² (19,730mi²), Costa Rica is a relatively small country, but it is bursting with wildlife at every turn, offering 234.8 plant species, 16.9 bird species and 4.6 mammal species per 1,000km² (386mi²). All in all, it packs nearly half a million species, representing 5% of the earth's biodiversity, within its borders.

The Caribbean side

The Caribbean side of Costa Rica stretches from the San Juan River to the Sixaola River along the Panamanian border. The area is blessed with 322km (200mi) of coastline, including the beaches of the Tortuguero National Park, recognised for being the largest nesting ground of green turtles. Nearby, the Barra del Colorado Wildlife Refuge is home to many animals, including sloths, monkeys and crocodiles, while its many rivers and lagoons are known for sportfishing.

Overview

Costa Rica may not have a strong reputation for retail therapy, but good gifts and souvenirs can still be found if you know where to look.

San José is where you'll find shopping malls housing international chains and local brands. Alternatively, head to the bustling Central Market on Avenida Central if you're after trinkets and local bounty (coffee, traditional herbal remedies and fresh produce). The market is open every Monday to Saturday, 0630 to 1800 hours.

In popular beach towns, there are shops selling handcrafted jewellery, wooden bowls, sarongs and hammocks.

Popular souvenirs include hot sauces, Costa Rican coffee beans and a chorreador (a traditional coffee-making device with a wooden stand and a cheesecloth to filter coffee and below it, a place for your mug).

Opening Hours

Mon-Fri 0800-1200 and 1400-1600. Saturday 0900-1200.

In San José, shops may operate from Mon-Sat 0900-1800, while shopping malls tend to close at 2100. In touristy areas, shops may also open on Sundays.

Overview

With vegetables, beans, rice and fresh fruits making up a high proportion of meals, Costa Rican cuisine is relatively healthy. Fish, beef, pork and chicken are the usual proteins that you may add to a meal. The food is also on the mild side, but hot sauce is available if you like yours spicy.

Costa Ricans place a big emphasis on breakfast and lunch. Join the locals and head to a soda (a small café) or a local market for an authentic dining experience.

Regional Specialities

Tipping

Tipping is not necessary as most restaurants add a 10% service charge, plus a 13% sales tax.

Drinking Age

18.

Hotels

As Costa Rica has a thriving tourist industry, visitors can expect a wide range of choices, from all-inclusive 5-star luxury to family-run hotels and hostels. The country also has an excellent reputation when it comes to wilderness lodges, which can be found throughout the country in national parks and are often marketed with an eco-friendly bent.

Rural tourism is also increasingly popular. The aim is to allow visitors to experience 'Pura Vida', meaning a simple, peaceful lifestyle that focuses on customs, traditions, and relationships while immersing in the country's natural diversity.

Lodging with sustainability
The Costa Rica Tourism Board (ICT) developed the Certificate of Sustainable Tourism (CST) programme for tourism companies to differentiate Costa Rican hotels according to how their operation approaches sustainability and manages natural, cultural and social resources. Previously, the levels were reflected on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 representing the maximum level a company could achieve in sustainable practices. While there are still companies with a level 5 classification, the latest categorisation simply assigns either BASIC or ELITE.

History

The indigenous people of Costa Rica may have settled in the southern Turrialba Valley as early as 10,000BCE, though not much is known about them.

The modern history of Costa Rica started in 1502 when Christopher Columbus landed in Cariay (near present-day Isla Uvita) during this fourth expedition, although the Spanish settlers largely ignored the land until 1564.

Costa Rica gained its independence from Spain in 1821. Initially, it exchanged one form of colonial rule for another, being absorbed first by Mexico and subsequently as part of a new United Provinces of Central America. Costa Rica finally became an independent country in 1838.

Throughout the 20th century, Costa Rica enjoyed peace and steady growth in prosperity, with the notable exception of a civil war in 1948 following a disputed presidential election. Significantly, however, Costa Rica disbanded its military forces after the civil war and still today remains the only country in the region with no national army or military prescription.

Did you know?
• In the 1930s, hundreds of stone spheres were found in the Diquís Valley of Costa Rica. How and why they were made remains a mystery. Today, some of the stones are displayed in the National Museums.
• Costa Rica's primary airport is named after Juan Santamaría Rodríguez, a national folk hero who helped defeat a North American freebooter named William Walker in 1856.
• The strawberry poison dart frog is one of Costa Rica's tiniest and most colourful creatures; it can change colour from red to green to blue to confuse predators.

Religion

Christians make up 90% of the population, of which 62% are Catholics. About 9% of the population is atheistic.

Social Conventions

Costa Ricans refer to themselves as Ticos (men) or Ticas (women). The word tico comes from the usage of 'tico' diminutives in Spanish. For example, when saying something small, like "a little moment", Costa Ricans use "momentico" as opposed to "momentito".

Costa Ricans are friendly and polite; they greet each other with a handshake (between men) or a kiss (between women who are familiar with each other). One's family is perhaps the most crucial part of life for most Tikos. In respect of this, reputation is important and loyalty is expected.

Usual courtesies should be observed when visiting someone's home and gifts are appreciated as a token of thanks, especially if invited for a meal.

Best Time To Visit:

Located around 10° north of the Equator, Costa Rica enjoys a tropical climate year-round.

Costa Rica’s Pacific coast

Divided into North Pacific, Central Pacific and South Pacific regions, this long stretch of coastline attracts many visitors to its sandy beaches and secluded coves. December to March is the best time to visit Costa Rica's Pacific coast, particularly the northern and central parts, as this is the dry season with the most sunshine. As you move further south, the dry season becomes less defined. In other words, there are rainy days even during the dry season.

May to October is the wet season along the Pacific Coast, so expect hot and humid weather, which can be uncomfortable to some travellers. April is generally the warmest month, while December is the coolest month.

In the coastal town of Puntarenas on the Gulf of Nicoya, the average high ranges from 27-29°C (81-84°F) year-round except in April, when the mercury often climbs above 30°C (86°F).

The Osa Peninsula (Peninsula de Osa) on Costa Rica's South Pacific Coast has an average high of 28°C (82°F) throughout the year.

The central valley and San José

Spanning from San Ramón (Alajuela province) in the west to Paraíso (Cartago province) in the east, Costa Rica's central valley is the setting for the country's capital, San José. Sitting at 1,172m (3,845ft) above sea level, San José has a tropical climate with warm days and cool nights. The best time to visit San José is from January to March when the weather is warm and has little rain. The rain starts from May and lasts till October, with September being the wettest month. April is usually the warmest month with an average high of 30°C (86°F) and an average low is 19°C (66°F).

Costa Rica's Caribbean coast

Stretching from Barra del Colorado in the north to Sixaola in the south, Costa Rica's Caribbean coast receives heavy rainfall throughout the year with no distinct dry season. Hurricanes may also affect the Caribbean coast, especially in October and November.

February, March and September are widely considered to be the best time to visit Costa Rica's Caribbean coast – these are the 'dryer' months, although you may still get fourteen to seventeen rainy days in a month.

Limón, or Puerto Limón, is the largest city on the Caribbean coast. It has a tropical rainforest climate with an average high of 30°C (86°F) year-round. In other words, it is hot and humid.

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Required Clothing

Lightweight cottons and linens are fine most of the year, with warmer clothes for cooler evenings. Waterproofing is necessary during the rainy season. Loose-fitting clothing is best. Wear neutral browns and greens for birding and wildlife viewing. Always bring mosquito repellent, along with appropriate footwear for whatever activities you're planning. Check the weather forecast before leaving for your trip.

Dialing Code:

+506

Area(sq km):

51,100 sq km

Population:

5.094 million

Population Density(per sq km):

100

Population Year:

2020

EU Member:

No

Main emergency number

911
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