Germany Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Berlin.

Geography:

Germany borders Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Poland and Switzerland. The northwest has a coastline on the North Sea while the Baltic coastline in the northeast stretches from the Danish to the Polish border.

The country is divided into 16 states (Bundesländer) and has an exceedingly varied landscape. In what was once known as West Germany, the Rhine, Bavaria and the Black Forest stand as the three most famous features, while in the east, the country is lake-studded with undulating lowlands. River basins extend over a large percentage of the region, and some of Europe’s most prominent rivers flow through the country. These include the Elbe, the Danube and the Rhine.

The highest point in the country is the 2,962m (9,718ft) peak of Zugspitze Mountain in the Bavarian Alps. Cable cars run to the summit – it can also be climbed.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

The national airline is Lufthansa (www.lufthansa.com). Low-cost carriers flying to German airports from the UK and the United States include Eurowings (www.eurowings.com). 

Major airports are:
Berlin-Tegel Airport
Bodensee Airport Friedrichshafen
City Airport Bremen
Cologne Bonn Airport
Dresden International Airport Dusseldorf Airport
Frankfurt Airport
Hamburg Airport
Leipzig/Halle Airport
Munich Airport
Münster Osnabrück International Airport
Nuremberg Airport
Paderborn/Lippstadt Airport
Rostock-Laage Airport
Stuttgart Airport
Sylt (Westerland) Airport

Air Travel Note

The new Berlin Brandenburg Airport is scheduled to open in October 2020, around 18km (11 miles) south of central Berlin itself.

Departure Tax

None.

Flight Times

To Frankfurt: from London - 1 hour 30 minutes; New York - 7 hours 40 minutes.

Getting There By Road

For travellers already on the continent, Germany's central position makes it easily accessible by major roads from almost any direction you care to choose.

From the UK, Eurotunnel runs shuttle trains for cars, bicycles, motorcycles, coaches, minibuses, caravans and campervans between Folkestone in Kent and Calais in France. The journey takes about 35 minutes from platform to platform. Road access across to Germany is then relatively easy.

Getting There By Water

The north (and only) coastline of Germany is readily accessible by water. The biggest ports are Bremen (www.bremenports.de), Bremerhaven (www.cruiseport.de), Hamburg (www.hafen-hamburg.de), Rostock (www.rostock-port.de) and Kiel (www.portofkiel.com).

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

Internal services are operated by Lufthansa (www.lufthansa.com) and Eurowings (www.eurowings.com) and several other airlines. Given the breadth and general efficiency of the public transport network however, internal flights should not be seen as essential.

Bike

Germany holds real appeal for cyclists. Designated bike paths are commonplace and long-distance routes are widespread. If you're serious about cycle touring however, be aware that the country is a very large one. 

Bike hire is easily available. Several leading cities, including Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich and Stuttgart, have a 24-hour interactive bike-hire scheme which tourists can sign up to (www.callabike-interaktiv.de).

Breakdown Services

The Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil Club (ADAC) (emergency tel: 0180 222 2222, in Germany only; www.adac.de) is the principal national assistance network.

Car Hire

Self-drive cars are available at most towns, airports, and major railway stations – a high number of international car hire companies are present in Germany.

Coach

Though by no means as time-efficient or lauded as the rail service, Germany’s extensive bus network still offers a workable (and reasonably comprehensive) way of exploring some of the country’s more remote regions. Local services are run by regional companies, and many timetables stop at the weekends. Eurolines (www.eurolines.com) offers routes from the UK to the larger cities in Germany.

Departure Tax

None.

Documentation

Insurance is mandatory, and you should also have a full driving licence to hand.

Getting Around By Rail

The national rail company Deutsche Bahn (www.bahn.de) operates tens of thousands of passenger trains each day. The most famous of these are the Intercity-Express (ICE) services, which reach speeds of up to 300kph (186mph) and run between major cities, both within Germany and internationally. A number of less speedy (but still efficient) inter-city and international trains also run.

Regulations

Traffic signs are international. Speed limits in Germany are 50kph (31mph) in built-up areas and 100kph (62mph) on all roads outside built-up areas. Unless otherwise indicated, there is theoretically no maximum speed limit on Autobahns, but 130kph (81mph) is recommended.

The minimum driving age is 18. Winter tyres are a legal requirement during periods of snowfall and in case of slippery ice.

Getting Around By Road

Germany is covered by a busy network of motorways (Autobahnen). All roads, Autobahnen and otherwise, are toll free (other than for heavy trucks). Lorries are banned from travelling on Autobahnen on Sundays and on Bank Holidays throughout the year from midnight until 22:00 hours. Additionally, during the summer holidays in the months of July and August lorries aren't allowed on Autobahnen on Saturdays from 0700-2000 hours, making it easier for cars to cover long distances.

Road Classification

Autobahnen are three- or four-lane motorways, while Bundesstraßen signifies secondary B routes, federal highways. Landstraßen (also known as Staatsstraßen) are state roads.

Side Of Road

r

Taxi

Almost all German taxis are cream-coloured Mercedes with yellow-and-black signs on their roofs. You're far more likely to find a vehicle at a taxi stand than flag one down. Fares are metered.

Urban Travel

All urban areas have efficient bus services, complemented in a number of larger cities by trams, and underground or suburban trains. In most larger cities, tickets for a local transport journey have to be purchased from ticket machines before boarding the suburban train (S-Bahn), underground (U-Bahn), bus or tram. Ticket inspections are frequent, with on-the-spot fines issued. Taxis are widely available in the main cities, and operate from designated ranks. They can be advance booked by telephone.

Berlin: The city's excellent public transport includes an extensive network of buses, underground and S-Bahn in three travel zones. In the eastern part of the city, tram services and the ferries of the Berliner Verkehrs-Betriebe, BVG or Berlin Public Transport (www.bvg.de), in conjunction with east Berlin's White Fleet (Weisse Flotte), provide further services. Day and longer period passes are available covering all services. Taxis are generally available throughout the city (www.quality-taxi.de).

Frankfurt: An extensive tram network and bus services serve the Rhine-Main region, operated under the auspices of the Rhein-Main Verkehrsverbund (tel: +49 69 2424 8024; www.rmv.de). As in Berlin, 24-hour passes for all types of public transport are available, as is a large fleet of cream-coloured taxis. The central taxi booking number is +49 69 230 001.

Munich: The Bavarian capital has some trams, plus comprehensive bus, underground and suburban rail services. Services are operated under the aegis of the Münchner Verkehrs-und Tarifverbund (tel: +49 89 4142 4344; www.mvv-muenchen.de). Again, taxis are widely available. Taxis can be booked on +49 89 21610.

Note: Pedestrians should be aware that it is technically an offence to cross a road when the pedestrian crossing lights are red, even if there is no traffic on the road. Offenders can risk on-the-spot fines – in practice, this is unlikely to happen. Adults should set a good example for children not to cross the street when the lights are red. 

Getting Around By Water

Regular scheduled boat services operate on most rivers, lakes and coastal waters. Besides scheduled services, special excursions are also available on many navigable waters.

The KD German Rhine Line (tel: +49 221 208 8318; www.k-d.com/de/) covers the Rhine and Moselle rivers, and has comfortable ships that operate daily from April to late October. In conjunction with the Sächsische Dampfschiffahrt, the KD also organises cabin cruises on the Elbe between Meissen and the Swiss border, via Dresden.

Lake Constance is served by regular steamers, pleasure boats and car ferries between the German, Swiss and Austrian shores. The Lake Constance Adventure Passes (Bodensee-Erlebniskarte) (www.bodensee.eu/de/darum-buchen) give free travel on many vessels in the Lake Constance area, as well as discounted admission to attractions. The pass is valid for three days.

Travel Advice

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance 

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency. 

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of the current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Germany set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the German Embassy in the UK.

Passport validity requirements 

Germany follows Schengen area rules. Your passport must:

• have a 'date of issue' less than 10 years before the date you arrive – if you renewed your passport before 1 October 2018, it may have a date of issue that is more than 10 years ago
• have an 'expiry date' at least 3 months after the day you plan to leave the Schengen area

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

If you have a residence permit, you must have a valid passport for the duration of your stay. Renew it before the expiry date.

Visa requirements

You can travel without a visa to the Schengen area, which includes Germany, for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. This applies if you travel:

• as a tourist
• to visit family or friends
• to attend business meetings, cultural or sports events
• for short-term studies or training

The requirements for working in Germany are different.     

If you're travelling to other Schengen countries as well, make sure your whole visit is within the 90-day limit. Visits to Schengen countries in the 180 days before you travel count towards your 90 days. If you overstay the 90-day visa-free limit, you may be banned from entering Schengen countries for up to 3 years.

If you're a visitor, border guards will look at your entry and exit stamps to check you have not overstayed the 90-day visa-free limit for the Schengen area.

If your passport is missing a stamp, show evidence of when and where you entered or left the Schengen area (for example, boarding passes or tickets) and ask the border guards to add the date and location in your passport.

At German border control, you may need to:

• show a return or onward ticket
• prove that you have enough money for your stay

Staying longer than 90 days in a 180-day period

To stay longer, you must meet the German government's entry requirements. Check which type of visa or permit you need with the German Embassy in the UK. 

If you're in Germany with a residence permit or long-stay visa, this does not count towards your 90-day visa-free limit.

Read about passport stamping if you live in Germany.

Border controls at Germany's land borders

A temporary reintroduction of border controls is currently in place at Germany's land borders.

See information from The Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community.

Vaccine requirements

For details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Germany guide.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into and out of Germany. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

Taking food into Germany

You cannot take meat, milk or products containing them into EU countries. There are some exceptions such as powdered baby milk, baby food and special foods or pet feed required for medical reasons.

Taking money into Germany

You must declare any amount above 10,000 euros in cash or other payment types. You can find more information on the German Federal Foreign Office website.

Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Germany

Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in public places visited by foreign nationals such as:

• restaurants
• markets
• shopping centres
• places of worship and religious sites, including synagogues
• sporting and cultural events
• crowded places and public gatherings

Examples of recent attacks include:

• in 2024, 3 people were killed and several injured following a knife attack in Solingen
• in 2021, 5 people were stabbed and injured on a train in Neumarkt, Bavaria
• in 2020, one person was killed and another seriously injured in a knife attack in Dresden
• in 2020, 8 people were killed and 5 injured in 2 mass shootings in shisha bars in Hanau
• in 2019, 2 people were shot and killed after a failed attempt to enter a synagogue in the eastern German city of Halle

German authorities regularly report that they have disrupted planned attacks and made arrests.

Crime

Protecting yourself and your belongings

Crime levels are similar to the UK. Take sensible precautions to avoid mugging, bag-snatching and pickpocketing. Be particularly vigilant at airports, railway stations and in crowded public places or gatherings. Do not leave bags unattended.

Counterfeit currency

Only change money at banks, ATMs or official money exchanges. Check your change when paying in cash. British nationals have been arrested for trying to pay with counterfeit currency.

Laws and cultural differences

Personal ID

It's not a legal requirement to carry ID. However, if you cannot show ID when asked, police can escort you to get your passport.

They will ask for a passport and, if you are a resident, for your residence card as well.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

If you're taking part in organised outdoor activities, check that the company is reputable and has documented safety procedures.

For sports activities like skiing, potholing and mountaineering, and for sports classed as particularly dangerous (for example off-piste skiing, mountain biking, climbing or paragliding), your insurance should include:

• mountain rescue services
• helicopter costs
• repatriation to your country of residence or possible transfer to neighbouring countries for treatment

Hiking

Check weather forecasts and conditions and make sure you're properly equipped for the worst-case scenario with items such as a map, compass, GPS and telecommunication equipment.

Risks are greater if you undertake any activity alone. You may want to hire a guide for expert advice. Always leave copies of your itinerary with someone.

Winter sports

Read about preparing for winter sports abroad.

Take advice on weather and avalanche conditions before you travel. Follow local skiing laws and regulations.

Off-piste skiing is very dangerous and can invalidate your travel insurance. Avalanches are a risk in some areas. Follow safety instructions carefully and go with a qualified guide. Check ahead on the European Avalanche Warning Service website. 

Transport risks

Road travel

If you are planning to drive in Germany, see information on driving abroad and check the rules of the road in the RAC's Germany guide. The guide lists driving regulations and other legal requirements you need to be aware of. 

You can drive in Germany for up to 6 months with your UK photocard driving licence. If you stay longer, you'll need to have both the 1968 version of the international driving permit (IDP) and your UK driving licence with you in the car. You cannot buy an IDP outside the UK, so get one before you travel.

The German Federal Transport Ministry has more information on the validity of non-German driving licences.

If you're driving a vehicle that does not belong to you, you may need to show written permission from the registered owner.

Check if you need a UK sticker to drive your car outside the UK.

If you live in Germany, check the driving requirements for residents.

Low emission zones

Some inner-city areas have an environmental zone ('Umweltzone'). Only vehicles that meet specific exhaust emission standards can enter. See Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection for more information.

Before you travel, check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance or medical assistance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Germany
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Germany, including Mpox. 

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Germany, including mountainous regions. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro.

Medication

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

TravelHealthPro explains best practice when travelling with medicines.

Healthcare in Germany

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Germany, where some staff will speak English.

Health insurance cards

To get medically necessary state healthcare in Germany, you need a Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) or a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC).

The NHS's getting healthcare abroad webpage has details about:

• how to apply for a GHIC
• how to get temporary cover if you lose your card or it does not arrive in time
• who qualifies for a new EHIC instead of a GHIC
• what treatment counts as medically necessary

A GHIC or EHIC is not an alternative to travel insurance. You may have costs your GHIC or EHIC does not cover, including:

• changes to travel and accommodation bookings
• additional standard costs for treatment
• medical repatriation to the UK
• treatment that is ruled non-urgent
• private healthcare
• private clinics

There is also guidance on healthcare if you're living in Germany.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in Germany

Ambulance: 112

Fire: 112

Police: 110

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you're involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding English-speaking lawyers, funeral directors and translators and interpreters in Germany
• dealing with a death in Germany
• being arrested in Germany
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you're affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO

Help abroad

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency.

Help in the UK

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.

Follow and contact FCDO: 

• travel advice on X
• travel advice on Facebook

Risk information for British companies

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating in Germany on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Yellow Fever	No
Typhoid	No
Tetanus	Yes
Malaria	No
Rabies	No
Hepatitis A	No
Diphtheria	No

Overview:

Travel insurance is advised for all visitors. In some medical cases, if you are European, you might be able to receive free treatment if you can show proof of a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) obtained in your country of origin.

The overall standards of healthcare in Germany are excellent. Hospitals and surgeries are well equipped and staff are proficient. In pharmacies, over-the-counter advice is given and standard medicines are sold.

Food Drink:

There's nothing to mark out German produce as particularly risky to general health (although it has a partly founded reputation for being fatty). Tap water is also safe to drink.

Other Risks:

Tick-borne encephalitis is present in forested areas all over Germany, however less so in the northern part of the country.

There is a risk of tick-borne Lyme disease from March until October. Preventive measures include insect repellents and skin-covering clothes.

During the summer months, sunburn can be a problem. The southwest generally draws the highest temperatures. The usual precautions apply: use a generous amount of sunscreen and be sensible about how long you spend in direct sunlight. Be aware that a breezy day can sometimes mask high temperatures.

If walking over a long distance in warm weather, it's advisable to drink – and carry – plenty of water and wear appropriate clothing, including a sun hat. Blisters can be another problem for hikers. These can often occur if new walking shoes are being worn across a long distance. Ideally footwear should be worn in before the trip.

As a counterpoint to the balminess of the summer, German winters can be fairly severe. This is generally truer the further east you travel. If you're arriving during the coldest months of the year, ensure you have adequate clothing. At any time of year, in fact, temperatures can be unpredictable – even in July and August, it makes sense to have a sweater (and maybe an umbrella too) with you.

Other health problems that inexperienced travellers might reasonably encounter are the various knock-on effects of too much alcohol consumption. The risk, unsurprisingly, is particularly prevalent among those attending Munich's Oktoberfest. Be aware that some beer's ABV levels can be 6 or 7%, so should be treated with respect.

Currency Information:

Euro (EUR; symbol €) = 100 cents. Notes are in denominations of €500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. Coins are in denominations of €5, 2 and 1, and 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 cents.

Credit Cards:

These are widely accepted in most shops, petrol stations, mid- to upmarket restaurants and hotels. All major credit cards are accepted, but it is advisable to carry cash as well. Cheques are very rarely used.

ATMs:

Cashpoints compatible with international banking networks are located in all towns and cities, as well as airports, major train stations and other spots.

Travellers Cheques:

Traveller's cheques are no longer being used as a payment method in Germany.

Banking Hours:

Generally Mon-Fri 0830-1300 and 1400-1600, Thurs 0830-1300 and 1430-1730 in main cities. Main branches do not close for lunch. Bureaux de change in airports and main railway stations are open 0600-2200.

Currency Restrictions:

There are no restrictions on the import or export of local or foreign currency. However, amounts exceeding €10,000 or equivalent must be declared by all travellers.

Currency Exchange:

Foreign currencies can be exchanged at banks, bureaux de change, airports, railway stations, ports and major hotels at the official exchange rates.

Currencies

Code	Symbol
EUR	€

Exchange Rates

0.71

1.00

1.19

0.96

Language

German is the official language. Regional dialects often differ markedly from standard German. Minority languages include Danish and Sorbic, while English is widely spoken by a large part of the population.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

.

List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2024-01-01 00:00:00	0
Epiphany	2024-01-06 00:00:00	0
Good Friday	2024-03-29 00:00:00	0
Easter Monday	2024-04-01 00:00:00	0
Labour Day	2024-05-01 00:00:00	0
Ascension Day	2024-05-09 00:00:00	0
Whit Monday	2024-05-20 00:00:00	0
Corpus Christi	2024-05-30 00:00:00	0
Assumption	2024-08-15 00:00:00	0
Day of German Unity	2024-10-03 00:00:00	0
Day of Reformation	2024-10-31 00:00:00	0
All Saint's Day	2024-11-01 00:00:00	0
Repentance Day	2024-11-20 00:00:00	0
Christmas Day	2024-12-25 00:00:00	0

Overview:

Germany is within the European Union. If you are travelling from outside of the EU, you are entitled to buy fragrance, skincare, cosmetics, Champagne, wine, selected spirits, fashion accessories, gifts and souvenirs - all at tax-free equivalent prices.

Germany's duty-free allowance for travellers from EU countries:

If you are over 17 years old, you are free to buy and take goods with you when travelling between EU countries, provided that you have paid tax on these goods and they are for your own use (not for sale). However, if you bring in more than the following, customs officials are likely to question you:

• 800 cigarettes or 400 cigarillos or 200 cigars or 1kg of tobacco.
• 60L of sparkling wine.
• 20L of fortified wines.
• 110L of beer.
• 10L of alcoholic beverages stronger than 22%.
• 10L of sweetened alcoholic beverages (alcopops).
• 10kg of coffee or products containing coffee.

Beware that each EU country has different rules for travellers under 17 years old. Please check before you travel.

Germany's duty-free allowance for travellers from non-EU countries:

If you are arriving from a non-EU country, the following goods may be imported into Germany by travellers with a minimum age of 17 years without incurring customs duty:

• 200 cigarettes or 100 cigarillos or 50 cigars or 250g of tobacco. You may combine any of these products provided that you do not exceed the total limit.
• 4L of wine and 16L of beer and 1L of spirits over 22% volume or 2L of alcoholic beverages less than 22% volume. You may combine any of these products provided that you do not exceed the total limit.
• Other goods up to the value of €430 for air and sea travellers and €300 for other travellers (reduced to €175 for children under 15).

.

Banned Imports:

Unauthorised firearms and ammunition, unapproved fireworks, unconstitutional literature, pornography which is violent or involves children, instruments of torture, illegally obtained works of art and cultural assets, any food considered a health hazard, narcotics, dangerous dogs, endangered species and counterfeit goods.

The import of rough diamonds, textiles, plants and animals is restricted.

You also cannot bring meat, fish or dairy products from outside the EU to Germany.

There is a ban on the import of the following goods from the Russian Federation into the EU: diamonds, gold, jewelry, cigarettes, cosmetics, seafood (e.g. caviar), spirits (e.g. vodka), shoes, clothing and smartwatches.

Telephone:

With mobile phones so widely used by locals and tourists alike, public payphones are no longer widely available in towns and cities.

Mobile Telephone:

Mobile network is ubiquitous with T-Mobile and Vodafone being leading providers. Roaming agreements exist with many international mobile phone companies. Coverage is good. It is illegal to use a hand-held mobile telephone while driving. If you're going to be in Germany for a long period of time, consider obtaining a local SIM card.

Internet:

Wi-Fi is widely available, often for free in hotels, restaurants, on public transport, airports, train stations and in city centres of bigger cities.

Post

Stamps are available from some hotels, vending machines and post offices.

Post Office Hours:

Generally Mon-Fri 0900-1800, Sat 0900-1200. Smaller branches may close for lunch.

Media:

Each of the country's 16 regions regulates its own private and public broadcasting, and operates public TV and radio services. The country has one of the largest and most diverse TV markets in the world. It's also home to some of the world's largest media conglomerates, such as Bertelsmann and Bauer Media Group. Popular newspapers in Germany include BILD, Die Zeit, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Frankfurter Rundschau, Süddeutsche Zeitung and Die Welt.

Many major English-language newspapers and international magazines are also available in large cities. Sky Deutschland is a pay-TV operator. ARD and ZDF operate the public national TV channels; RTL and ProSieben operate entertainment channels. Deutsche Welle is the international TV service and operates in a number of different languages; Arte is a Franco-German cultural channel. Deutschlandradio operates national public radio stations, Deutschlandfunk and Deutschlandradio Kultur; Deutsche Welle also broadcasts radio in many languages.

Nuremberg: visit the Chritkindlesmarkt

The run-up to Christmas sees the towns and cities of the nation come alive with traditional street markets, and nowhere more so than in Nuremberg. Toys, gingerbread and handmade presents are among the countless festive items on sale at the famous Christkindlesmarkt, while warming Glühwein (mulled wine) forms an integral part of the experience.

Weimar: indulge your intellect at Weimar

The 1,000-year-old city of Weimar has been home to many great writers, musicians, composers and poets, including Goethe, Luther, Bach, Liszt, Wagner and Schiller. An essential southern stop for any culture vulture, this creative centre experienced its golden age in the 18th and 19th centuries, and remains visually pleasing too.

Central Germany: walk the Rennsteig

With its mountain ranges, tidal shores and mighty forests, the size and scope of Germany makes it a hiker's paradise. The historical ridge trail known as the Rennsteig leads for some 170 km (106 miles) from Eisenach and the Werra valley to Blankenstein and the Selbitz river. It passes through forests and highlands in the centre of the country, and combines rich culture with even richer scenery.

Moselle Valley: sample some of the best Rieslings

Getting to know the world-famous wineries of the Moselle Valley is a rewarding way to sample rural Germany. The Moselle River flows through France, Luxembourg, and Germany where it twists and turns between Trier and Koblenz. Aside the steep banks of the river Moselle, the culture remains traditional, pace of life slow and its scenery grandly evocative. The wines, including some of the best Rieslings, are well worthy of extensive acquaintance.

Munich: watch a football match

Germany's love affair with football reaches its pinnacle at the Allianz Arena, home of Bayern Munich. Snare a ticket and watch one of the continent’s top teams in action. Other lively options include Hamburg, Bayer Leverkusen, Hertha Berlin, Schalke 04 and Werder Bremen.

Southern Germany: cycle the Romantic Road

Germany has more than 200 long-distance cycle paths that spin from riverside routes and chocolate box villages to major cities and mountain-bike trails. Arguably the most picturesque of the lot is the 350km-long (220-mile) Romantic Road that stretches from Wurzburg (near Frankfurt) to Füssen in southern Germany, linking a number of charming towns and fairy-tale castles. And yes, tandem bikes are available to hire. The Romantic Road is marked along the way with brown signs.

The Rhine: take a cruise

The Rhine (spelt Rhein in German) is one of the longest rivers in Europe, and one of its most impressive to boot. Take a cruise from Koblenz past fairytale castles, pretty villages and the imposing Lorelei Rock, legendary home of a siren said to have lured boatmen to their demise.

Heidelberg: fall in love with Germany's most romantic town

Boasting a glorious woodland setting on the broad Neckar River, Heidelberg draws large numbers of visitors for its formidable renaissance castle, cosy cafes and literature-culture with bookshops, poetry events and academic happenings. Germany's oldest university town is also the birthplace of German Romanticism and is famed for its picturesque panoramas along the riverside Philosophers' Walk (Philosophenweg).

Hamburg: find the city's beating heart

As Germany's second largest metropolis, the northern port city of Hamburg offers rich pickings for tourists. Colourful and cosmopolitan, the city has music at its heart: retrace the steps of The Beatles along the Reeperbahn; enjoy the fervent live scene; or dance to DJs until the small hours. The Speicherstadt's neo-gothic canals are best explored at night. Or enjoy Hamburg's famous fair Hamburger Dom, which takes place in spring, summer and winter.

Berlin: best for history and hedonism

Blessed with the Brandenburg Gate, Charlottenburg Palace and Reichstag building, Berlin is rich in history, including volatile marks from the 20th century like the Führer Headquarters, the Holocaust-memorial and Berlin Wall. But brightened by street art, sound-tracked by an underground dance scene and thriving creatively, modern Berlin shines for visitors too.

Frankfurt: search for its medieval core

Frankfurt is best known as a financial centre (its gleaming office-block skyline has been coined 'Mainhattan') but there's much to draw cultural tourists too. Its historic core dates back to medieval times and several attractive landmark buildings remain, while its local tipple, Ebbelwoi (applewine), should be experienced and enjoyed. The 13 museums at the Museumsufer in Frankfurt play an important role in the German and European museum sector. Particularly noteworthy are the arts and craft museum, the museum of ethnology and the film museum.

Essen: escape the past in Essen

Crowned the European Capital of Culture in 2010, Essen has grown from a staid mining city into a remarkable example of how industrial infrastructure can be repurposed to artistic effect. Shaft 12 at Zollverein Coal Mine is now a Bauhaus-inspired and UNESCO-listed design museum, while the award of European Green Capital in 2017 is further proof that the city's industrial past has been truly usurped.

Dresden: a synonym for culture

WWII left Dresden in a sorrowful state, but the city recovered sufficiently to become the spirited and arty destination it is today. It is handsome too, thanks in part to the Dresden Frauenkirche church, which was resurrected beautifully and restored as the skyline-dominating feature it deserves to be. Other must sees in Dresden are the museums in the Zwinger and in the Grüne Gewölbe, as well as the masterpieces in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister.

Black Forest: from cake to cuckoo clock

Few parts of Germany's countryside are as storied as the Black Forest: a dense, green mountain range in the southwest. Hiking is the best way to explore the photogenic beauty and sky-high peaks of this national park, while the forest is also home to a large number of small character-rich towns, including Triberg im Schwarzwald, which is home to the world's largest cuckoo clock. The famous Triberger waterfalls, close to Triberg, are the highest waterfalls in Germany. Although the dessert Black Forest gâteau is not directly named after the Black Forest mountain range, it does takes its name from the speciality liquor distilled from tart cherries in this region. The German name for Black Forest gâteau is Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte and the liquor is called Schwarzwälder Kirsch(wasser).

Bavarian Alps: adventure awaits

Forming a long natural divide along the Austrian border, the Bavarian Alps are a strikingly attractive spectacle. Take in the mountain views from the top of the Zugspitze. It's a panorama you will never forget. Easily reachable from Munich, outdoor enthusiasts will be in their element here with plenty of skiing, hiking and canoeing options. Those more intent on relaxation can unwind and unknot in a slew of top-notch spas.

Cologne: carnival is a must

Cologne knows how to have a good time and the Cologne carnival is one of the biggest events on the calendar. Expect lots of fancy dress, plenty of parties and parades. Also keep a lookout for ceremonial burning of straw figures, bouquets of flowers and cries of "Kölle Alaaf" (Long Live Cologne).

Munich: enjoy a beer at Oktoberfest

First held in 1810, Munich's much eulogised festival is a 16-day celebration of Bavarian culture, with top billing afforded to local beers and belly-filling food. Expect fairground rides and live music too. However, if you're planning a visit, be aware that the majority of the festival falls in late September, despite its name.

Southern Germany: explore Neuschwanstein Castle

The archetypal fairytale palace, world-famous Neuschwanstein stands among Alpine foothills in Bavaria. It's the most elaborate of King Ludwig II's castles, with much of its design inspired by Wagnerian operas. And if you think the outside looks dramatic, wait until you see the gilded decor and furnishings that the interior serves up. Avoid a visit to Neuschwanstein during the summer months if you don't want to get stuck in the crowd of the castle's 6000 daily visitors.

Overview

Germany offers the range and variety one would expect from such a large, developed country - if you want it, you'll find it - but special purchases include precision optical equipment such as binoculars and cameras, porcelain, handmade crystal, silver, steelware, Solingen knives, leatherwear, sports equipment, toys from Nuremberg toys fair and Bavarian Loden cloth. Special purchases in eastern Germany include musical instruments, wooden carved toys from the Erzgebirge Mountains and Meissen china (the workshops in Meissen are open to the public). Cuckoo clocks, contrary to popular myth, did not originate in Switzerland, but in the Black Forest region.

German crafts are, of course, available year-round, but you'll find a particularly broad selection during the ubiquitous Christmas markets. The best of the wooden toys have been made with great attention to detail. Expect to also see broad selections of marionettes and carved figurines, as well as candles and festive winter clothing. It's the overall atmosphere, however, that has really helped these markets become such a well-borrowed institution – an ambiance greatly aided by the mingling smells of hot chestnuts and mulled wine.

High-end designer goods are best sourced in major cities, particularly Berlin. German brand names like Birkenstock, Jack Wolfskin, Hugo Boss and Adidas feature prominently, and while the prices might not be much lower, you're likely to find a broader selection of these goods than in other countries. Across the country, meanwhile, you'll also find that cities cater – in varying degrees – to those with alternative lifestyles. In places like Berlin and Hamburg, you'll be able to find a broad range of vintage clothes, independent boutiques and record shops.   

Opening Hours

Most large shops are open Mon-Fri 0900/1000-2000 and Sat 0900/1000-2000. All shops, except a few bakeries, are closed on Sunday.

Overview

The archetypal German snack is a cooked sausage (Wurst) with a bread roll, though sandwiches are also popular. You won't have to look far to find pretzels, sauerkraut or schnitzel also, but there's genuine reinvention and creativity behind much of the cuisine these days, particularly with many Germans becoming vegans.

First-time visitors tend to be taken aback too by the variety of regional specialties, from the fresh seafood of the far north and the lamb dishes of Lower Saxony to the casseroles and stews of Rhineland-Westphalia and the noodle-based cuisine of the southwest.

Elsewhere, expect a dash of Mediterranean flair, no shortage of healthy options and – perhaps best of all – prices that compare favourably to other Western European nations. And to wash it down? Beer, of course, although the Germans are also proud and rather fond of their wines.

Regional Specialities

Tipping

It is customary to tip taxi drivers, hairdressers, cloakroom attendants, bar and restaurant staff; a 10% tip is standard.

Drinking Age

16 if consuming undistilled alcoholic beverages, such as beer and wine without their parents or a Custodian.

18 for any other alcoholic beverages.

Hotels

There is a good selection of hotels in Germany. Alongside established upmarket properties and a host of business-friendly chain hotels, Gasthöfe, Pensionen and Hotels garni are (almost always) cheaper alternatives without the usual lounge/restaurant facilities. Wherever you choose to stay, it's more than likely to be acceptably clean, efficiently run and – with only the cheapest places being exceptions – able to offer an en suite room with a TV.

Grading: There is the Hotelstars Union grading system from 1 to 5 stars. 

Camping Caravaning

German campsites are generally open from April to October, but some, mostly in winter sports areas, operate year round. It is not normally possible to make advance reservations on campsites. A free map/folder giving details of selected campsites is available from the German National Tourist Office. The German Camping Club publishes a guide to the best sites in Germany. There's certainly no shortage of options – more than 2,900 official sites are scattered across the country, usually located in scenic areas. They tend to be well-maintained.

Other

History

The territory that we now know as Germany was for many centuries a loose collection of independent (and often warring) states, occupied by rulers including the Roman Empire, the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Habsburgs. Unification was attained after a victory in the Franco-Prussian war of 1871. There followed a period of political, military and economic advancement that placed it as a genuine world power.

Following defeat in WWI, however, the Treaty of Versailles saw the country sliced and diced. Germany was forced to cede parts of its territory to surrounding nations as well as to pay significant reparations – a punishment that would prove crippling for the already ailing German economy.

It was these dire economic circumstances, amplified by the worldwide economic Depression of 1929 and a growing tide of racism in Europe that gave rise to the emergence of the National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) Party, making Adolf Hitler head of state. His notorious legacy remains a shocking historical blight. Initial military success in WWII ended in further defeat for Germany, although this time, the country's economy recovered more quickly.

After the war, Germany's borders were once again redrawn, and the country and its capital city, Berlin, were divided. For more than 40 years, the communist East Germany was cut off from the US-allied West. In 1989, the Berlin Wall, which separated the eastern districts of the city from the west, started to be dismantled. Reunification took place shortly after in October 1990.

From 1995 onwards, a new leadership under would-be chancellor Gerhard Schröder emerged to challenge the long-standing Helmut Kohl Christian Democrat (CDU) government. Schröder came to power in 1998, his reign coming to an end amid confusion following September 2005's inconclusive election. Germany faced weeks of uncertainty resulting in a deal that saw Angela Merkel sworn in as Germany's first female chancellor.

Since then, Merkel has guided Germany through the global recession, helping to ensure a quick recovery for the country with stimulus packages. In 2013, she was sworn in for her third four-year term and in 2014, Merkel became the longest serving incumbent head of state in the European Union. In 2018, Merkel announced that her current term will be the last one as a political leader.

Did you know?
• Germans take their downtime very seriously, which is why shopping on Sunday is strictly forbidden, except for special occasions like leading up to Christmas in certain cities.
• Ordering a beer at a bar in Germany? If you don't want to give away your non-native status, be sure to use your thumb to indicate that you want one drink rather than your index finger.
• Oktoberfest, Munich's world-famous beer festival, actually begins in September.

Religion

Approximately 28% Roman Catholic, 26% Protestant, 5% Muslim, with Jewish and other non-Christian minorities. Over one third of the population is atheistic.

Social Conventions

Handshaking is customary, and it is considered rude to address people by their first name unless invited to do so. Normal courtesies should be observed. Before eating, it is normal to say "guten Appetit" to the other people at the table to which the correct reply is "Danke, gleichfalls" (“Thank you, the same to you”). If you’ve been invited to eat at a German house, it is customary to present the hostess with unwrapped flowers (according to tradition, you should always give an uneven number, and it is worth noting that red roses are exclusively a lover's gift).

In shops and other businesses, courtesy dictates that visitors should utter a greeting such as "guten Tag" (or "grüß Gott" in Bavaria) before saying what it is that they want; to leave without saying "auf Wiedersehen" or "tschüss" can also cause offence. Similarly, when making a telephone call, asking for the person you want to speak to without stating first who you are is impolite. Casual wear is widely acceptable, but more formal dress is required for some restaurants, the opera, theatre, casinos and important social functions. Smoking is prohibited where notified and on public transport and in most public buildings.

Best Time To Visit:

Germany is the seventh largest country in Europe, stretching from the Alps, across the North European Plain to the Baltic Sea. Its climate, however, varies little from north to south. Most of Germany has a temperate seasonal climate moderated by the North Atlantic Drift. Overall, Germany is a year-round destination with warm summers and relatively cold winters – although prolonged period of frost is rare. Rain falls throughout the year, with much of Germany experiencing its maximum rainfall over the high summer months.

The highest annual temperatures tend to be in the southwest, where there's almost a Mediterranean feel to the landscape at times and where new heat records are reached almost every year. Unsurprisingly, this is where much of Germany's wine is grown.

May through to September are the most popular months in terms of tourist numbers, and certainly hold the most appeal for visitors aiming to spend significant periods of time outdoors. However, April and October (the shoulder months) also hold real attraction for those who want the promise of mild weather without the tourist levels. The winter holidays are also a big draw in their way, as tourists flock to charming Christmas markets scattered across the country. Peak season for ski areas is from December through to the end of March.

Berlin is the capital and the largest city in Germany. Geographically it sits in north-eastern Germany and has a temperate continental climate. Berlin's summer is warm with average high temperatures of 23°C (73°F). June and August are rainy too so pack a raincoat with you. Berlin's winter is quite mild with average high temperatures of 3°C (37°F). Home to world-renowned attractions, Berlin rarely witnesses 'slow' periods at any time of year, though prices tend to be slightly higher over the summer months. For more information, see the weather in Berlin and the best time to go guide.

Located in west Germany in the Rhine-Ruhr area, Cologne is one of the warmest cities in Germany due to its low lying position. Spring and autumn are the best times to visit Cologne with temperatures averaging 14°C (57°F) in May and 15°C (59°F) in September. The city is aswarm with visitors during "Crazy Days" (before Shrove Thursday which falls in February or March) where people dress up and participate in balls and parades. For more information, see the weather in Cologne and the best time to go guide.

Frankfurt is Germany's hub for commerce and transportation. The city occupies both sides of the Main River and is a year-round destination known for its trade fairs. Summer is warm with average high temperatures of 25°C (77°F). Winter is mild, although it can often get to -1°C (30°F) in the evening. For more information, see the weather in Frankfurt and the best time to go guide.

Hamburg is a major port city in northern Germany with a maritime temperate climate. Due to its location, Hamburg is slightly cooler than Berlin which is about 500km (311 miles) south. August is the warmest month and sees an average high of just 22°C (72°F), while winter is cold (although it is also getting milder with less snowfall due to global warming). The daily mean in January is 1°C (34°F). For more information, see the weather in Hamburg and the best time to go guide.

For other destinations in Germany, see the following guides:

Weather in Munich guide

Weather in Hanover guide

Weather in Düsseldorf guide

Weather in Stuttgart guide

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Required Clothing

Light- to mediumweights in summer, medium- to heavyweights in winter. If you intend to visit the mountains or if you plan a long-distance hike, then pack waterproof gear and extra layers with you, no matter what the time of year.

Dialing Code:

+49

Area(sq km):

357022

Population:

83.783.942

Population Density(per sq km):

236

Population Year:

2020

EU Member:

Yes

Main emergency number

112