Kenya Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Nairobi.

Geography:

Kenya covers 580,367 sq km (224,081 sq miles) and sits astride the equator. It shares borders with Ethiopia in the north, Sudan in the northwest, Uganda in the west, Tanzania in the south and Somalia in the northeast. To the east lies the 480 km (300 miles) Indian Ocean coastline. The country is divided into four regions: the arid deserts of the north; the savannah lands of the south; the fertile lowlands along the coast; and highlands in the west, where the capital Nairobi is situated.

Northwest of Nairobi runs the Rift Valley, dotted with lakes and containing the town of Nakuru, while further west the Aberdare National Park is overlooked by Kenya’s highest peak, and Africa’s second tallest mountain after Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya (5,199m/17,057ft), which also is a national park. In the far northwest is Lake Turkana (formerly Lake Rudolph), and in the southwest is Kenya's share of Lake Victoria.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

There are frequent direct and indirect flights to Kenya by numerous major airlines. The national airline is Kenya Airways (www.kenya-airways.com). Other airlines offering flights to Kenya include British Airways (www.ba.com) and Emirates (www.emirates.com). There are no significant seasonal factors affecting flight prices.

Air Travel Note

Kenya has two international airports. The main point of arrival is Nairobi’s Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (NBO), which receives the majority of scheduled international flights. Mombasa’s Moi International Airport (MBA) also receives some international scheduled flights, and is the main point of arrival for charter flights from Europe. Both airports are managed by the Kenya Airports Authority (www.kaa.go.ke).

Major airports are: Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and Mombasa Moi International Airport.

Departure Tax

Included in the air fare.

Flight Times

To Nairobi: from London - 8 hours 35 minutes; New York - 14 hours 30 minutes.

Getting There By Road

The main international road crossings into Kenya are from Tanzania and Uganda. The main crossing points from Tanzania are at Lunga Lunga, south of Mombasa, and Namanga, on the road to Arusha. There are smaller posts at Isebania and Taveta. From Uganda there are crossing points at Busia and Malaba.

Heading to or from Tanzania, several companies run comfortable shuttle bus services between Nairobi, Arusha and Moshi. These are aimed at tourists who fly into Nairobi and are visiting the game parks in Tanzania’s northern circuit region from Arusha, or are climbing Mount Kilimanjaro from Moshi. The buses take about six to eight hours in both directions. Reliable operators providing a daily service include Riverside Shuttles (www.riverside-shuttle.com) and Regional Luxury Shuttle (www.regionalluxuryshuttle.com).

Kenya has a vast network of local long and short-haul bus routes, and the coverage is reasonably good around Nairobi, the coast and the western region. The further from the capital you travel, the less prevalent the services, particularly in the north. For Tanzania, the pick of the crop is Dar Express (www.dar-express.co.tz) which connects Nairobi to Arusha, Moshi and Dar es Salaam. The most reliable operators between Nairobi and the Ugandan capital Kampala are Easy Coach (www.easycoach.co.ke) and Queen's Coach.

When choosing to travel by public bus, it is important to take into consideration that some routes, particular Malindi to Lamu and Isiolo to Marsabit, have been prone to attacks by shiftas (bandits) in the past. Drugged food and drink is another potential risk, so it is best to politely refuse any snacks or drinks from strangers.

Getting There By Water

The principle seaport is Mombasa which comprises of Kilindini Harbour (the main port), Port Reitz, Port Tudo and the Old Port. Kilindini Harbour is also a popular cruise ship stop.

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

Nairobi has two airports for domestic and regional flights: Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and Wilson Airport (www.kaa.go.ke). Kenya has over 150 domestic airports and airstrips and there are daily flights to the most popular destinations. In addition to the scheduled airlines, several private charter companies operate out of Wilson Airport.

Kenya Airways (www.kenya-airways.com), Air Kenya (www.airkenya.com), Fly 540 (www.fly540.com), Mombasa Air Safari (www.mombasaairsafari.com) and Safarilink (www.flysafarilink.com) serve the most popular safari destinations, plus many others such as Lake Victoria.

Air Travel Note

On smaller, domestic planes the baggage allowance is restricted to 10-15 kg (22-33 lbs). Arrangements can be made to leave excess luggage with hotels or airlines.

Bike

Kenya Motorbike Hire (www.kenyamotorbikehire.com) hire out motorbikes in Nairobi. In villages, local people operate boda-bodas (bicycle or motorcycle taxis).

Hell's Gate National Park and the surrounding Naivasha Biking Trails are popular with cyclists.

Breakdown Services

Automobile Association of Kenya (tel: +254 709 933 000/ +254 709 933 999; www.aakenya.co.ke).

Car Hire

You can hire self-drive and chauffeur-driven cars from travel agents and international hire companies. Drivers must be at least 23-25 years of age and have a minimum of 2 years driving experience. Budget (www.budget.com) and Europcar (www.europcar.com) have outlets at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi. Budget also has a desk at Moi International Airport in Mombasa, while Europcar has an office in town. Car hire can be expensive and rates vary significantly, but it gives you the freedom to explore at your own pace.

Coach

Numerous private bus companies operate in Kenya, and they offer a range of levels of convenience, roadworthiness and comfort. Travelling by bus is a cheaper option compared to taking the train or flying. Services can be fast and frequent. If you travel during daylight hours, buses are a reasonably safe way to get around, and you will be safer in a bus than in matatu. Avoid showing valuable items, as petty theft on vehicles and at bus stations can be a problem.

Departure Tax

All taxes are included in the price of an air ticket.

Documentation

A driving licence from a home country. An International Driving Permit (IDP) is not necessary in Kenya unless your license is not in English. Rates are usually quoted without insurance, and it is mandatory to have at least third party insurance.

Getting Around By Rail

A new high-speed train line, Madaraka Express Railway, connecting Nairobi and Mombasa was launched in 2017, and takes 4.5 hours. This is a cheaper, faster and much safer option than taking the bus. The service also stops in Mtito Andei and Voi.

There are two classes on Kenyan trains which differ in terms of comfort and price. There are booking offices at the train stations in Nairobi and Mombasa, or tickets can be purchased online (metickets.krc.co.ke). The railway connecting Nairobi to Kampala (Uganda) via Kisumu is no longer operational, but it's possible that services may resume at some point.

Regulations

• Highway: 110kph (68mph)
• Urban: 50kph (31mph)
It is compulsory to wear a seatbelt.

Getting Around By Road

The road condition can vary widely in Kenya, from highways that are smooth to rocky tracks within the national parks. Beware of erosion along the sides of the road, which can result in a single lane rather than a two-way road. The roads in the north and east of Kenya tend to be worse than the roads in the south, although the conditions are improving. Common road hazards include pedestrians and livestock, as well as bandits.

Road Classification

The Kenya government classifies the roads as follows:
• Class A: International trunk roads linking Kenya with neighbouring countries.
• Class B: National trunk roads linking internationally important centres.
• Class C: Local roads linking provincially important cities or giving access to higher-class roads.

Road Quality

While some of the major roads are in good condition, most of the minor gravel roads are rough and can deteriorate further in the rainy season. Dirt roads, including those in the parks and reserves, are extremely rough, and some are only passable with a 4-wheel drive.

Side Of Road

l

Taxi

Matatus (shared minibus taxis) hop from town to town, starting and finishing at bus stations. Fares are paid to the conductor, and the matatus only leaves when full. Private taxis can also be hired for long-distance journeys.

Urban Travel

Taxis can be found in almost every town in Kenya. In bigger cities like Nairobi and Mombasa, taxis can be found at basically every street corner, as well as outside restaurants and bars. Negotiate and agree a price in advance. Tipping is not mandatory but is customary for good service.

Getting Around By Water

There is a ferry service between Mombasa Island, a coral outcrop on Kenya's coast along the Indian Ocean, and the mainland. Visit the Kenya Ferry website (www.kenyaferry.co.ke) for more information.

Travel Advice

Areas where FCDO advises against all but essential travel

Kenya-Somalia border and northern parts of the east coast

Due to the risk of terrorism from groups based in Somalia, FCDO advises against all but essential travel to:

• within 60km of Kenya's border with Somalia
• Eastern Garissa County, up to 20km north-west of the A3 road, including the Boni National Reserve
• Mandera County, excluding Mandera West sub-county
• Lamu County, excluding Lamu Island and Manda Island
• Tana River County north of the Tana River, up to 20km north-west of the A3 road
• within 15km of the east coast between the Tana River and the Galana (Athi-Galana-Sabaki) River

Find out more about why FCDO advises against travel.

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

FCDO provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of the current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Kenya set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Kenyan High Commission in the UK.

COVID-19 rules

You do not need a negative COVID-19 test or proof of vaccination to enter Kenya.

If you have flu-like symptoms when you arrive, you must take one or more COVID-19 tests at your own expense. If tests show you have COVID-19, you must isolate. For more information see COVID-19 travel requirements from the Kenya Civil Aviation Authority.

Passport validity requirements

To enter Kenya, your passport must have an 'expiry date' at least 6 months after the date you arrive and at least 2 blank pages.

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

Visa requirements

You must apply online for electronic travel authorisation in advance of travel. The local authorities recommend applying at least 2 weeks before your departure.

Travellers who currently hold a visa can continue to travel using their visa until it expires.

For information on work permits and residency, check the Kenyan Department of Immigration requirements.

Vaccine requirements

To enter Kenya, you must have a certificate to prove you've had a yellow fever vaccination if you're coming from a country listed as a transmission risk.

For full details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Kenya guide.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of Kenya. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

Taking drones into Kenya

It is illegal to import or export drones without prior approval from the Kenya Civil Aviation Authority (KCAA). Contact the KCAA well in advance of travel if you wish to bring a drone to Kenya.

This guide also has safety advice for regions of Kenya.

Terrorism 

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.     

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Kenya

There is a heightened threat of terrorism across Kenya. Attacks could target westerners, including British nationals. These could occur at any time including at religious events, public holidays or celebrations. Attacks are indiscriminate and could occur in places visited by foreigners, including tourists, such as, but not limited to:

• hotels, bars, restaurants and nightclubs
• sporting events
• supermarkets and shopping centres
• beaches
• safari parks
• commercial and government buildings
• places of worship

Be particularly alert in these places. If you go regularly to any location, try to vary timings and patterns of movement. Always travel during daylight hours if possible. Look at the security arrangements in buildings you visit, including bag searches, physical security and guards. The main terrorist threat is from extremists linked to Al Shabaab – an Al Qaida-affiliated militant group in Somalia. Al Shabaab has issued threats and carried out attacks against Kenya, in part, due to Kenyan military intervention in Somalia. See Regional risks.

Recent significant attacks include :

• in 2020 Al Shabaab conducted an attack on a military airstrip in Lamu County, killing 3 people
• in 2019 there was an attack at the hotel and commercial complex at 14 Riverside in Nairobi, resulting in injuries and loss of life

There is some evidence of growing support for Daesh (formerly ISIL) in Kenya. On 4 January 2024 Daesh published a statement calling for a new global campaign of terrorism including a specific focus on western and Jewish targets. This statement and the ongoing conflict in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories could increase the likelihood of terrorist attacks that affect British nationals.

Lamu Island and Manda Island

Travellers to Lamu Island and Manda Island should be particularly vigilant given the close proximity of these islands to the Lamu County mainland. You should only travel to the islands by air to Lamu airport (a civilian airport on Manda Island), and not by road. The only commercial option for air travel to or from Lamu Island and Manda Island is through Lamu airport. See Regional risks.

Terrorist kidnap

There is a high threat of terrorist kidnap across Kenya. You should be alert to the heightened threat of terrorist kidnapping targeting westerners, including British nationals. Westerners have been the target of kidnaps in northern counties bordering Somalia and coastal counties. Further kidnaps are very likely.    

British nationals are seen as legitimate targets, including tourists, humanitarian aid workers, journalists and business travellers. If you are kidnapped, the reason for your presence is unlikely to protect you or secure your safe release. 

The long-standing policy of the British government is not to make substantive concessions to hostage takers. The British government considers that paying ransoms and releasing prisoners builds the capability of terrorist groups and finances their activities. This can, in turn, increase the risk of further hostage-taking. The Terrorism Act (2000) makes payments to terrorists illegal.

Political situation

This year has seen major protests across multiple cities in Kenya, including Nairobi and Mombasa. A number of protestors have been injured and killed. The situation could change quickly. Avoid political gatherings and large crowds and monitor local media to see when and where major protests are likely. Follow local news and the instructions of local authorities closely.

Crime

There are frequent incidents of violent crime including mugging, armed robbery and carjacking, particularly in the large cities and on major highways.

Although uncommon, violent crimes have resulted in the deaths of British nationals, including during daylight hours.

Avoid walking alone in isolated areas, including in daylight. Criminals might target you directly, so be aware of your surroundings and make sure people know where you are and when you are due to return. The risks are higher in some areas of major cities.

In Nairobi:

• Eastleigh
• Central Business District
• Mathare, Kibera and slum areas

In Mombasa:

• in the Old Town
• on and around the Likoni Ferry, which links Mombasa to the southern resorts

Crime rates are often higher around the Christmas and New Year period so take extra precautions at this time of year.

Protecting your belongings

Bag-snatching is common in bus stations, railway stations and airports. Be vigilant and take note of any security advice given by your hotel, employer or your hosts. If you're attacked, do not resist. Avoid carrying large sums of money or wearing expensive-looking jewellery or watches.

Vehicle crime

Always drive with windows closed and doors locked. When driving outside of cities and in remote areas, consider driving in convoy. Avoid driving at night if possible. Carjackers may set up bogus checkpoints. See Transport risks.

Scams

Beware of thieves posing as police officers or private security guards. It's a technique used by criminals to take charge of valuables, passports and vehicles and steal them. Always ask for identification.

Drink and food spiking

Do not accept drinks or food from strangers in bars or clubs. Criminals spike drinks to weaken and confuse their victims and then commit theft or sexual assault.

Attacks and sexual assault

Sexual assaults are rare, but do happen, and can affect both male and female travellers.

Laws and cultural differences

Personal ID

You must always carry ID. A copy of your passport is normally acceptable, but police officers may insist on seeing the original document so keep it within a reasonable travelling distance.

Dress code

The coastal areas of Kenya are mainly Muslim. Show courtesy by dressing conservatively away from tourist resorts and hotels – particularly in Mombasa. Wearing holiday-style clothing is likely to get negative attention at religious sites or buildings.   

Smoking and e-cigarette bans

It is illegal to smoke in any public place in Kenya, except in designated smoking areas. If you smoke in a prohibited place, you could get a fine of up to 50,000 Kenyan shillings or up to 6 months in prison.

Illegal drugs and prison sentences

If you're convicted of using illegal drugs in Kenya, you will get a heavy fine and prison sentence. The penalty for possession is up to 10 years in prison. People found to be trafficking illegal drugs could face life imprisonment.

Using cameras in secure areas

It is illegal to take photographs of official buildings, including embassies, or at airports. You could be arrested if caught.

LGBT+ travellers

Same-sex sexual activity is illegal and same-sex relationships are not tolerated in Kenya's conservative society. Showing affection in public could lead to arrest and imprisonment.

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Wildlife, animal products and souvenirs

It is illegal to buy, sell, kill or capture any protected wild animal or trade any of its parts without a licence. If you are caught buying or trafficking banned goods, you could face a fine or prison sentence.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

Game reserves and national parks

If you're visiting game reserves, use reputable tour operators and arrive at your destination in daylight hours. Do not buy safari tours from touts. Always follow park regulations and advice from wardens.

There are risks associated with viewing wildlife, particularly on foot or at close range. Swimming in rivers and lakes is illegal in national parks and is best avoided elsewhere due the dangers from wildlife and waterborne diseases.

Hiking and mountaineering

You must hire a local guide on certain hikes in Kenya. Be conscious of the risk from wildlife and do not approach wild animals. Make sure your travel insurance covers all your planned activities.

Altitude sickness is a risk when hiking in high-altitude areas, including on Mount Kenya. Read about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro.

Transport risks

Road travel

If you are planning to drive in Kenya, see information on driving abroad.

You can use a UK photocard driving licence in Kenya for up to 3 months. If you still have a paper driving licence, you may need to update it to a photocard licence.

After 3 months, you'll need to have both the 1968 version of the international driving permit (IDP) and your UK driving licence with you in the car. You cannot buy an IDP outside the UK, so get one before you travel.

If you're staying longer or living in Kenya, you'll need to get a Kenyan driving licence.

Driving standards are often poor. There is a risk of vehicle crime – see Crime.

Jomo Kenyatta International Airport to Nairobi City

For travel between Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and Nairobi City, use the Mombasa Road or the Nairobi Expressway. There is a higher risk of carjacking on the old airport road (Airport South Road) and Jogoo Road.

The Mombasa Road can get very busy during rush hour, and check-in can take several hours. Allow plenty of time to get to the airport. A vehicle security check outside the airport may add to your journey time.

Travel in remote areas

Monitor local media and take care in all remote areas. The Kenya Tourism Federation Safety and Communication Center provides tourist advice and emergency help.

Bus travel

There have been serious accidents involving long-distance buses and minibuses ('matatus'). The accidents are often due to poor maintenance and speeding. Often minibuses are uninsured. Check operators' safety standards.

There are frequent minibus hijackings and robberies.

Driving fines

On-the-spot fines from traffic police are common but illegal. If a traffic police officer stops you, ask them to issue you with the correct paperwork.

Air travel

If you charter a private aircraft, check with the company about the condition of the aircraft and runways. If the air crew does not include a safety pilot, qualified to take over the controls, find another company that does.

Rail travel

Passenger trains run between Nairobi and Mombasa. Take care of your belongings while on the train and at railway stations. If you leave your compartment, take your valuables with you.

Sea travel

Piracy and armed robbery off the coast of Somalia, in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean remain a significant threat.

See piracy and armed robbery at sea.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards.

Earthquakes

Kenya lies on an active fault and tremors occur from time to time. The last significant earthquake to affect the region was of magnitude 5.2 in 2007.

The US Federal Emergency Management Agency has advice about what to do before, during and after an earthquake.

This section has safety advice for regions of Kenya. It only covers regions where FCDO has specific advice.

You should also read FCDO's overall travel advice and safety and security advice.

Kenya-Somalia border and northern parts of the east coast

 Due to the risk of terrorism from groups based in Somalia, FCDO advises against all but essential travel to:

• within 60km of Kenya's border with Somalia
• Eastern Garissa County, up to 20km north-west of the A3 road, including the Boni National Reserve
• Mandera County, excluding Mandera West sub-county
• Lamu County, excluding Lamu Island and Manda Island
• Tana River County north of the Tana River, up to 20km north-west of the A3 road
• within 15km of the coast between the Tana River and the Galana (Athi-Galana-Sabaki) River

There have been frequent attacks in the north-eastern border regions, most of which were attributed to Al Shabaab.

Attacks have killed members of the Kenyan security forces as well as civilians. The Kenyan security forces have increased their presence in the affected areas. Armed militia groups operate within the Boni National Reserve and along the border with Somalia. See Terrorism.

Lamu Island and Manda Island

If you travel to Lamu Island or Manda Island, you should fly to Lamu Airport (a civilian airport on Manda Island). Do not travel by road. See Terrorism.

Jomo Kenyatta International Airport to Nairobi City

For travel between Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and Nairobi City, you should use the Mombasa Road or the Nairobi Expressway. See Transport risks.

North and north-east Kenya

Rural areas, particularly in the north and north-east of Kenya, occasionally experience cattle rustling, banditry and ethnic clashes. Foreign nationals are not usually the target, but you should take great care.

Turkana, West Pokot, Elgeyo-Marakwet, Baringo, Laikipia and Samburu counties

The Kenyan government has imposed a dusk-to-dawn curfew in parts of Turkana, West Pokot, Elgeyo-Marakwet, Baringo, Laikipia and Samburu counties. Follow local security measures and use caution.

Kenya-Ethiopia border

There have been attacks using landmines around Moyale, close to the main A2 road south. Vehicles crossing the Kenya-Ethiopia border at this point should stay on the A2. Avoid staying at the rest house at Sololo – travel directly to Marsabit before breaking the journey.

Mount Elgon

There is a large security presence in Mount Elgon because of armed clashes. Further incidents are possible. Seek local advice before you set off.

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Dial 999 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Kenya
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Kenya, including:

• malaria and dengue
• Zika virus
• schistosomiasis
• mpox

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Kenya. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro.

Medication

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

Healthcare in Kenya

FCDO has a list of medical facilities in Kenya.

There is also guidance on healthcare if you're living in Kenya.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in Kenya

Telephone: 999 (ambulance, fire, police)

Kenya Tourism Federation

Kenya Tourism Federation's Safety and Communication Center provides tourist advice and emergency help.

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding lawyers and funeral directors in Kenya
• dealing with a death in Kenya
• being arrested or imprisoned in Kenya
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• getting help if you've been a victim of rape or sexual assault in Kenya
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you're affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO 

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call  FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow and contact FCDO: 

• travel advice on X

• travel advice on Facebook

Risk information for British companies

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating in Kenya on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Yellow Fever	Yes*
Typhoid	Yes
Tetanus	Yes
Rabies	Sometimes
Malaria	Yes
Hepatitis A	Yes
Diphtheria	Yes

Overview:

Health insurance is essential. You should ensure that your travel insurance covers the emergency transport required to get you to a hospital in a major city or medical repatriation. Part of the African Medical and Research Foundation (amref.org), the Flying Doctor Service (www.flyingdoctorsafrica.org/membership) has introduced a special Tourist Membership which guarantees that any member injured or ill while on safari can call on a flying doctor for air transport. There are excellent medical facilities in Nairobi and Mombasa, but they are of a varying standard in the rest of the country.

Vaccinations Note:

* A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over one year of age arriving from infected areas as listed on the CDC website or the NHS website. It must be said that Yellow fever is also a risk in rural areas of Kenya, therefore vaccination is recommended for those who travel into risky areas.

Food Drink:

Drinking the tap water is not recommended as the supply is not reliable, but bottled water is available in most places. When buying bottled water, check the seal of the bottle is intact. Alternatively, bring your own reusable water bottle with a filter or use water purification tablets. Avoid ice and washed salads and fruit except in top hotels and restaurants. Milk is pasteurised and dairy products are safe for consumption. Food prepared by unlicensed vendors should be avoided at all times.

Other Risks:

Diarrhoeal diseases are common so avoid eating raw, uncooked, unwashed meat, poultry products, dairy products fruits and vegetables or drinking contaminated water or beverages

Hepatitis B is hyperendemic; hepatitis E is widespread. Meningococcal meningitis is a risk, particularly during the dry season. Bilharzia (schistosomiasis) is present; avoid swimming and paddling in fresh water. Avoid insect fly bites and wear shoes to protect against hookworm. Dengue fever and rabies are present. There is a high incidence of HIV/AIDS.

Currency Information:

Kenyan Shilling (KES; symbol KSh) = 100 cents. Notes are in denominations of KSh1,000, 500, 200, 100 and 50. Coins are in denominations of KSh20, 10 and 5.

Credit Cards:

Mastercard and Visa are widely accepted; American Express and Diners Club less so. Major hotels accept payment by credit card, as do major safari companies, travel agencies and restaurants. ATMs are common.

ATMs:

ATMs are common especially in major tourist destinations.

Travellers Cheques:

Very few banks or foreign exchange bureaus accept travellers cheques; when they do, they charge high commissions.

Banking Hours:

Mon-Fri 0900-1500, Sat 0900-1200. Banks in Mombasa and the coastal areas open and close half an hour earlier. Banks in airports tend to open earlier and close later; typical hours are 0700-1900.

Currency Restrictions:

Residents may import up to KES 500,000 and must declare if currencies exceeding US $10,000. Non-residents may import local and foreign currencies without restrictions but amounts exceeding US $10,000 must be declared.

For residents and non-residents leaving Kenya, you need to have documents indicating the source of fund and the purpose of this amount if you leave with US$5,000 or more.

Currency Exchange:

Currency can be exchanged at the major banks, bureaux de change or authorised hotels. The banks at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and Moi International Airport have 24-hour exchange services. The easiest currencies to exchange are US Dollars, Pounds Sterling and Euros.

Currencies

Code	Symbol
KES	KSh

Exchange Rates

106.34

127.10

102.25

Language

Swahili and English are the two official languages in Kenya. Kikuyu and Luhya are widely spoken.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

.

List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2024-01-01 00:00:00	0
Good Friday	2024-03-29 00:00:00	0
Easter Monday	2024-04-01 00:00:00	0
Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan)	2024-04-10 00:00:00	0
Labour Day	2024-05-01 00:00:00	0
Madaraka Day	2024-06-01 00:00:00	0
Eid al-Adha (Feast of Sacrifice)	2024-06-16 00:00:00	0
Mashujaa Day	2024-10-20 00:00:00	0
Independence Day	2024-12-12 00:00:00	0
Christmas Day	2024-12-25 00:00:00	0
Boxing Day	2024-12-26 00:00:00	0

Note:

Holidays falling on Sunday are observed the following Monday.

Muslim festivals are timed according to local sightings of various phases of the moon and the dates given below are approximations. During the lunar month of Ramadan that precedes Eid al-Fitr, Muslims fast during the day and feast at night and normal business patterns may be interrupted. Some disruption may continue into Eid al-Fitr itself. Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha may last up to several days, depending on the region.

Overview:

The following goods may be imported into Kenya by passengers over 18 years of age without incurring customs duty:

• 250g of tobacco products.
• 1L of spirits or 2L wine.
• 1L of perfume and eau de toilette, of which more than a quarter should be perfume.

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Banned Imports:

Prohibited items include counterfeit money and goods, pornography, matches made using white phosphorus, narcotics, soaps and cosmetics containing mercury, and used tyres.

Restricted items include animal traps, unwrought precious metals and stones, arms and ammunition, ivory, hippopotamus teeth, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, whalebone, antlers, coral, endangered species, and historic artefacts.

Telephone:

International calls can usually be made directly. Public telephones, operated by Telkom Kenya (www.telkom.co.ke), work with coins or with phone cards (which may be purchased from post offices or from international call services in major towns). Major hotels also offer an international phone service, but they usually charge more. In larger towns, private telecommunication centres offer international services. For local calls, it is useful to have plenty of small change available.

Mobile Telephone:

Roaming agreements exist with international mobile phone companies. Kenya has good mobile network coverage particularly in tourist destinations. The main network providers are Airtel (www.africa.airtel.com), Safaricom (www.safaricom.co.ke) and Telkom (www.telkom.co.ke). Local SIM cards and top-up cards are available to buy everywhere. Data is cheap and speed is decent.

Internet:

Wi-Fi is readily available in major cities and hotels, as well as in luxury game lodges.

Post

Most towns have post offices run by the Postal Corporation of Kenya (www.posta.co.ke). Post boxes are red. Stamps can usually be bought at post offices, stationers, souvenir shops and hotels. The service is generally reliable.

Post Office Hours:

Mon-Fri 0800-1700; Sat 0900-1200. Small branches close for an hour at lunchtime.

Media:

Just like many other countries, there are state-owned and privately-owned TV and radio stations.
• Newspapers: The Daily Nation enjoys the highest circulation in Kenya.
• TV: Citizen TV, NTV, QTV, KTN, KBC are the biggest stations.
• Radio: Radio Citizen, Radio Maisha and Jambo are the most popular radio stations.

In Nairobi and Mombasa there is a comprehensive choice of international newspapers and magazines sold in bookshops, airports, hotels and at pavement kiosks. Day-old copies of UK and other European newspapers are available.

Amboseli National Park: witness a wealth of wildlife

The 392sq km (151sq mile) Amboseli National Park lies at the base of snow-capped Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest peak. Wildlife includes lion, cheetah, wildebeest, hippo and gazelle, but the park is most famous for the large herds of African bush elephants which are attracted to the swamps. Bird watching is popular, and visitors can learn about the local Maasai people through homestead visits.

Masai Mara: experience an African adventure

Kenya's most popular game park is named after the Masai tribe, who migrated south from the lower Nile Valley between the 17th century and late 18th century. A northern extension to Tanzania's Serengeti Plains, it is one of the best places in Africa for seeing lion, cheetah and leopard, but is most famous for the annual wildebeest migration and dramatic crossing of the crocodile-infested Mara River between July to October.

Taking to the skies in a hot air balloon is one of the best ways to experience Masai Mara, particularly during the annual migration. Almost all the lodges in the reserve offer this experience.

 

Nairobi National Park: take a day trip

Nairobi National Park, only 8km (5 miles) from the city centre, is Kenya's oldest national park. Today, it still looks much as it did in the early photographs, with wild, undulating pasture supporting most of East Africa's best-known wildlife, including lion, rhino, giraffe, buffalo and zebra, and over 400 recorded species of bird.

Kenya's coral coast: seek out aquatic activities

Visitors can choose between scuba diving, snorkelling, sailing, water-skiing, swimming or surfing along Kenya's coral coast. The most popular resorts near Mombasa include Bamburi, Kikambala, Kilifi, Malindi, Nyali and the 17km (11 miles) long, dazzlingly white Diani Beach.

Mount Kenya: climb Kenya's highest mountain

At 5,199m (17,057ft) above sea level, this extinct volcano is the second-highest mountain in Africa after Kilimanjaro. The Mountain Club of Kenya runs mountain huts and publishes guides for climbers. Even if you don't climb to the upper slopes, it is worth spending time on the forested lower slopes below the ice-capped peak, where interesting wildlife abounds.

The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust’s Elephant Orphanage: make a difference

Watch baby elephants play in mud baths at this orphanage for elephants, which is situated in Nairobi National Park. This important sanctuary cares for and rehabilitates orphaned elephants, rhinos and giraffes before they are released back into the wild. Entrance to the sanctuary requires a contribution, and there is a digital foster program that allows people across the world to foster an orphaned elephant, rhino or giraffe. In return of donation, an individual will receive a personalised certificate, a monthly update on the progress of their orphan and an interactive map.

Nairobi: tour the museums for a dose of culture

Browse the ethnographic and archaeological exhibits of the National Museum, which lies within walking distance of the city centre. And then head out to the suburban Karen Blixen Museum, which occupies the farmhouse made famous by the author's book, Out of Africa, which inspired a Hollywood film of the same name. The house preserves much of the original items by its famous dweller. The Nairobi Railway Museum also covers an important chapter of the city's history, featuring exhibits from the defunct East African Railways.

Mombasa: marvel at this coastal city

Enjoy this coastal city's amalgamation of cultures and its narrow, crowded streets in the Old Town. Spend an evening afloat on a romantic dhow (a traditional Arab sailing boat), feasting on delicious seafood and watching the moon rise over Mombasa's Old Harbour. Don’t forget to catch the sound and light show at Fort Jesus, which was built by the Portuguese at the end of the 16th century to protect the town from outside invaders and is now a museum and UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Explore Lamu Town: the oldest Swahili settlement in East Africa

Set on a picturesque offshore island close to the Somali border, Lamu is a charming old Swahili city and UNESCO World Heritage Site with many historic mosques and fine old Arab houses complete with impressive carved wooden doors. Highlights of the town include the Lamu Museum, the Swahili House Museum and Lamu Fort.

Lake Nakuru National Park: a bird lover's paradise

Boasting a dramatic setting in the Rift Valley, this park is dominated by a lake whose edges are frequently home to hundreds of thousands of pink flamingos. It is also one of Kenya's best rhino sanctuaries, supporting high concentrations of both black and white rhino, and you may spot a leopard in the giant yellowwood acacia trees.

Laikipia Plateau: game sanctuaries

Discover an expansive area of traditional ranches and rolling farmland that has been converted into game sanctuaries, which are stocked with big game, including the Big Five: elephant, buffalo, lion, rhino and leopard. Kenya's highest population of endangered species, including black rhino and Grevy’s zebras, can be spotted roaming across these vast plains. The old farmsteads now serve as charming and luxurious accommodation.

Lake Turkana: the world's largest permanent desert lake

In the barren northern reaches of Kenya, Lake Turkana is a strange and beautiful oasis, known to locals as the Jade Sea due to its size and striking jade colour. The lake provides great fishing and birding, while the islands are breeding habitats for crocodiles, hippos and several snake species. The semi-nomadic Turkana tribe are native to the Turkana County in the semi-arid climate region bordering Lake Turkana in the east, and have a history as interesting as the lake itself.

Mount Longonot: climb a dormant volcano

This distinctive volcano, which last erupted in 1863, rises dramatically above the Rift Valley floor, and is 2,776 m (9,108 ft) tall. There is a trail that runs from the park entrance up to the crater rim, which takes about 4-5 hours in total to complete.

Kakamega Forest: go twitching

The only rainforest in Kenya, this lovely spot near the Ugandan border is arguably the prime bird watching site in the country, thanks to the presence of several dozen forest species found nowhere else in the country. For non-birders, the shady forest paths and plentiful monkeys offer lots of charm.

Elsamere: indulge in traditional high tea

Situated on the shores of Lake Naivasha, the former residence of the famous conservationists, George and Joy Adamson is now a museum and conservation research centre. This museum depicts the life of the couple that raised an orphaned lion, Elsa, before returning it to the wild. The story of Elsa became a famous movie, Born Free, and their house now caters for study groups and tourists. Set in beautiful grounds teeming with birds, Elsamere also serves excellent high tea.

Taita Hills Wildlife Sanctuary: stay overnight in a natural haven

Situated a 6-hour drive from Nairobi or a 4-hour drive from Mombasa, this private sanctuary bordering the vast Tsavo National Park doubles as a luxury hotel and well-positioned hide, overlooking a salt lick and a waterhole that frequently attracts aggregations of a hundred or more elephants.

Overview

The city and town centres across Kenya usually have markets which sell curios such as African drums, old brass and copper items, batiks, soapstone knick-knacks, carved chess sets, wooden carvings of animals or salad bowls carved from a single piece of teak, mninga or ebony. Masai items such as beaded jewellery, decorated gourds (a calabash used to store milk or water) and the distinctive red-checked blankets worn by all Masai men make good souvenirs.

Khanga, kitenge and kikoi cloths are ideal to use as sarongs (common in East Africa for both men and women), and Kenyan baskets made from sisal and leather are also popular. Most of the tourist areas have abundant stalls and markets selling these items; you will be expected to haggle good-naturedly over prices.

Shopping in Nairobi: Nairobi has many lively markets including the City Market, Gikomba Market, Kariokor Market, Maasai Market, Toi Market, to name but a few. The City Market, which lies in the city centre on Muindi Mbingu Street, has dozens of stalls, it has the full range of handicrafts on offer, and prices tend to be quite competitive. Another place worth special mention is Biashara (Busienss) Street which is lined with boutiques and interesting stores.

Shopping in Mombasa: The Old Town of Mombasa has a wide selection of shops and souvenir stands while the City Mall Nyali is home to international brands. In the city centre, Biashara Street in Mombasa is traditionally the centre of Mombasa's textile retail industry – this is still a great place to buy traditional kikoy and Kenyan kanga (colourful fabric) clothing. In addition, Bombolulu Workshops in the Kisauni District supports the work and talent of more than 100 people with different abilities.

Opening Hours

Mon-Sat 0900-1800. Some supermarkets are open 24x7 and some shops remain open until 2000 hour. Shops and businesses may close on Friday afternoons due to prayers.

Overview

Meat in Kenya is generally outstandingly good, and nyam achoma (barbecued meat) is ubiquitous at any major feasts or popular dining spots. Beef and chicken are readily available, but goat is the most-widely eaten among locals and certainly a must try for carnivorous visitors.

Inland, a local freshwater fish, tilapia, is popular and tasty, while on the coast, zesty Swahili cuisine features fragrant rice, grilled fish and seafood curries with coconut milk and lots of spices.

Indian and Middle Eastern food is available in most areas, and there is a wide range of international restaurants in Nairobi and Mombasa. Tourist hotels provide buffet meals and hotels in smaller towns offer a dish of the day, such as chicken and chips or stew and rice. Sumptuous tropical fruits, ranging from pineapples to mangoes, can be bought seasonally at local markets.

Regional Specialities

Tipping

Tipping is optional. Most hotels and restaurants include a 10% service charge in the bill. If they don't, a small tip is customary for good service.

Drinking Age

18.

Hotels

Hotels in Kenya vary from lavish 5-star safari lodges, beach hideaways, and international brands with a full range of facilities, to simple board and lodgings catering to local business travellers. Many of Nairobi's hotels are of top international standard. Some are still in the colonial style. Boutique hotels are becoming increasingly popular. In the tourist areas on the coast, are some all-inclusive resorts offering water-sports and entertainment. 

Grading: Accommodation in Kenya is divided into groups: town hotels, vacation hotels, lodges and country hotels. Within each group, grading is according to amenities and variety of facilities. For further information, contact the Kenya Association of Hotel Keepers & Caterers (www.kahc.co.ke).

Camping Caravaning

There are no restrictions on camping in Kenya but wild animals and the possibility of robbery can make bush camping dangerous. It is best to stick to formal, secure campsites. Most game reserves and national parks have sites with long drop latrines and perhaps a cold shower. In many tourist areas private campsites offer budget rates for backpackers.

Other

History

Kenya has seen human habitation since the beginning of the Lower Palaeolithic period – the earliest subdivision of the Palaeolithic or Old Stone Age. The Bantu expansion (a major series of migrations of the original proto-Bantu language speaking group) from a West African centre reached the area by the 1st millennium AD.

Over the past few millennia, Kenya has been settled by a large number of migrants from all over Africa, among the most recent arrivals being the Maasai, who crossed from present-day South Sudan in the 17th century. The mediaeval Kenyan coast was a prosperous maritime trade centre serving ships from Arabia and Asia. Many modern ports, including Lamu and Mombasa, date from this era. The Portuguese arrived on the coast in the early 16th century, followed by Omani Arabs in the 18th century, and the British in the mid-19th century.

It was only in the 1890s that outsiders penetrated far into the interior, resulting in the British construction of the 'Lunatic Line' from Mombasa to Kampala (Uganda). Nairobi, founded as a staging point along this railway line, became the headquarters of the British colonial administration.

In the early 20th century, the fertile highlands around Nairobi attracted an influx of European settlers. This resulted in a liberation movement demanding greater territorial, economic and political rights for locals. Led by Jomo Kenyatta, the fight for independence gathered pace after World War II, culminating in the 1950s with a bloody three-year guerrilla war between the Mau Mau and the British colonial authorities.

Kenya was granted independence in 1963, and the Kenyan African National Union (KANU), led by Kenyatta, took power. Kenyatta died in 1978, and was succeeded by Daniel Arap Moi, an autocrat who banned opposition parties outright in 1982. A multi-party system was restored in the early 1990s, but Moi remained in power until the 2002 election, which was won by the National Alliance Rainbow Coalition (NARC), led by Mwai Kibaki, who became the country's third president.

Over the past few years, Kenya has been plagued by terrorism. In April 2015, Al-Shabab militants carried out a massacre at Garissa University College in northwest Kenya, killing 148 people, and in January 2016, Al-Shabab claims to have killed more than 100 Kenyan soldiers in a dawn raid on a base in southern Somalia. Despite unrest, Kenya continues to invest in infrastructure projects including the multi-billion-dollar railway line linking Mombasa to the capital Nairobi and pushing for tourism.

Did you know?
• In 2004 Wangari Mutu Maathai became the first African woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize, awarded to her for her contribution towards sustainable development, peace and democracy. She died in 2011 of complications from Ovarian cancer.
• In the London Marathon 2019, Kenya runner Eliud Kipchoge became the first man to win four London Marathons, and set a new record of 2:02:37.
• 2,493 railway workers were killed, many by lions, while building the Lunatic Line in the late 1800s during the Scramble for Africa.

Religion

About 80% of Kenya's population is Christian (mostly Catholic and Protestant); Muslim 11% and others 6%.

Social Conventions

Western European habits prevail throughout much of Kenya as a result of British influences in the country. Kenyans are generally very friendly. The standard greeting of 'hello' when addressing an individual is Jambo, to which the reply is also Jambo. People are delighted if visitors can greet them in Swahili. The dress code is informal and casual lightweight clothes are accepted for all but the smartest social occasions. Because of its Muslim influence, the coast is a little more conservative than the rest of the country. Away from the beach, women and men should dress respectably and cover up bare arms and legs. Alcohol is only available in the tourist areas on the coast.

Plastic bags: The possession of plastic bags is prohibited in Kenya. Persons who don't follow the rule of law will be fined for this infringement.

Best Time To Visit:

Kenya has three types of climate: temperate subtropical climate in the west and southwest highlands (where Nairobi is located), hot and humid along the coast, and hot and dry in the north and east.

Nairobi is the capital and the largest city in Kenya and experiences a subtropical highland climate. Sitting at 1,795 metres (5,889 ft) above sea level, Nairobi's evenings are cooler. The best time to visit Nairobi is from June to August when the average high is around 23°C (73°F) and rainfall is at its lowest (although the sky is often cloudy). The period between January to February is also a good time to visit Nairobi as it is sunny and warm, with an average high of 27°C (81°F). The short rainy season from late October to December and from March to May should be avoided.

Mombasa is a coastal city and the second-largest city after Nairobi, situated along the Indian Ocean. This city has a tropical wet and dry climate. Avoid April and May as these are the wettest months and the area can be affected by flooding. The best time to visit Mombasa is either July to September as sunshine is abundant, as well as from October to March for aquatic activities.

Malindi, a town on Malindi Bay at the mouth of the Galana River, is also situated alongside the Indian Ocean coast and is 120km (75 miles) northeast of Mombasa. Malindi has a tropical dry savannah climate. The cooler season from June to September sees the average high at 27/28°C (81/82°F), while the average high can reach 31°C (88°F) during the hotter season from November to March. With regards to rainfall, it is not particularly abundant, as it only amounts to about 1,000 millimetres (40 inches) per year, however, there are two rainy seasons: from April to June and October to November.

Masai Mara is an expansive game reserve renowned for its wealth of wildlife and the Great Migration of wildebeest to and from the Serengeti every year. This area is located just south of the equator at an altitude of between 1,500 and 1,900 metres (5,000 and 6,200 ft). The climate is pleasantly warm all year round, averaging 23°C (73°F), although it is widely classified into two seasons - dry and wet. The dry season (late June to October) is best for safari as wildlife is easier to spot given that the bush is less dense and animals gather around waterholes and rivers. During this period, the days are clear with sunny skies, with fewer mosquitos, and the average high is around 25°C (77°F). The wet season is from November to May with April being the wettest month, does result in beautiful scenery, cheaper rates and newborn animal sightings.

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Required Clothing

For Nairobi and the coast: lightweight cottons and linens are advised. Warmer clothing is needed in June and July, while rainwear is advisable between March and June, and October and December.

For safari: loose-fitting and light neutral tones are recommended. If you are visiting a luxury lodge, pack a nice set of clothes for dinner is recommended.

Dialing Code:

+254

Area(sq km):

580,367

Population:

53.771.296

Population Density(per sq km):

79

Population Year:

2020

EU Member:

No

Main emergency number

999