Laos Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Vientiane.

Geography:

Laos is a landlocked country encircled to the north by China, to the south by Cambodia, Vietnam to the east, to the west by Thailand along with a 235km-long (146 miles) Mekong River border with Burma.

Apart from the Mekong River plains, along the border to Thailand, the country is mountainous, particularly in the north, and in places is densely forested. The western border is demarcated by the Mekong River – which along with the tributaries covers about 20% of the land mass.

Laos is mainly mountainous, with steep terrain, tapered river valleys. The mountains stretch across the north, except for around Vientiane and the Plain of Jars in Xiangkhoang Province. These mountains are sparsely populated by tribal minorities who traditionally have not acknowledged the border with Vietnam any more than lowland Lao have been constrained by the 1,754km (1,090 miles) Mekong River border with Thailand. Thus, ethnic minority populations are found on both the Laotian and Vietnamese sides of the frontier. Because of their relative isolation, contact between these groups and lowland Lao has been mostly confined to trading. Migration and conflict have affected the ethnic structure of the country and to the geographic distribution of its ethnic groups.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

The national airline of Laos is Lao Airlines (www.laoairlines.com). There are no direct flights from the USA or Europe; flights are mainly via Bangkok, China, Vietnam or Cambodia. Popular airlines flying into Laos include Bangkok Airways (www.bangkokair.com), Thai Airways (www.thaiair.com) and Vietnam Airlines (www.vietnamairlines.com).

Air Travel Note

During festivals it can be hard to find a free seat on the national carrier, Lao Airlines, which serves both regional centres and neighbouring countries. Unlike other countries it is vital in Laos to reconfirm your flight the day before, otherwise you may be bumped off.

Many international flights arrive late at night. For a smooth arrival have your hotel arrange a collection from the airport.

Departure Tax

Usually included in the ticket price.

Flight Times

From London - 16 hours (including stopover); New York - 20 hours (including stopover).

Getting There By Road

Laos has over a dozen border-crossing possibilities. Travellers can enter by road from Cambodia, China, Thailand and Vietnam – the exception is Myanmar.

Getting There By Water

It is possible to travel from the Thai border to Luang Prabang by speedboat, slow boat or by a deluxe one-day boat. The slow boat takes about two days and usually involves an overnight stay in Pak Beng. Alternatively there are ‘luxury’ cruises which also take two days but have much better facilities than the ordinary slow boats. These are charged at an accordingly higher premium. The speedboat goes from Houaixay on the Laos border to Luang Prabang in around six hours.

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

Lao Airlines (www.laoairlines.com) runs domestic air services from Vientiane to Xieng Khouang, Luang Prabang, Huay Xai and Oudomxai in the north and Pakse and Savannakhet in the south. The airline is based at Wattay airport. All domestic flight times are around an hour. 

Air Travel Note

The domestic terminal is next door to Wattay International Airport.

Bike

Laos has plenty of quiet roads that lend themselves to cycling. It is a growing industry and there are several local operators offering guided cycling throughout the country. There are good maps available and cycling is one of the best ways to come into contact with local people.

Most motorcycles are either Honda Baja or scooters. Japanese-made bikes will serve you better if you’re going off the beaten track, especially if heading to mountainous areas. Rental shops exist in Vientiane only. Don't leave your passport as a deposit/guarantee. Helmets are mandatory and the local police are keen on checking motorcycle licences, so make sure you have one or be prepared to pay a heavy fine.

Breakdown Services

Non-existent. It's a case of asking around the village or town to see if there is a mechanic available.

Car Hire

Unless you are an experienced driver, it’s not recommended to hire cars in Laos as driving standards are not up to international levels and there are few rules. However, if you are capable, it is an excellent way to get off the beaten track and to explore. A safer option is to hire cars with a driver through hotels or tourist agencies.

Coach

Privately run, air-conditioned VIP coaches make the journey between tourist centres whereas slower, more basic, local buses cover a far wider range of destinations. Note the toilet stops are often far and few between, and breakdowns/tyre changes are the norm rather than an exception.

Departure Tax

Usually included in the ticket price.

Documentation

International Driving Permit recommended.

Getting Around By Rail

Other than the international train between Thailand and Laos there are no other railway lines in the country.

Regulations

There are very few road regulations in general within Laos.

Getting Around By Road

If you are on a strict timescale, it is advisable to pre-arrange travel outside Vientiane with a tour company to avoid unforeseen delays and costs.

Road Classification

Roads in Laos have been classified into several categories - national road, provincial road, district road, urban road, rural road and special road.

Road Quality

Many of the roads have been paved in recent years, including the main highway from the Thai border at Savannakhet to the Vietnamese border. However, few main roads are suitable for all-weather or night driving.

In the north of the country, there is a road link between Vientiane and Luang Prabang, and from Vientiane to Savannakhet and Pakse in the south.

Side Of Road

r

Taxi

The word ‘tuk-tuk’ is used to describe a large variety of lightweight vehicles, generally with three wheels. While there is a tuk-tuk organization in Vientiane that is supposed to control the prices that tourists pay between destinations, the rates remain negotiable. Decide on the fare before getting in. A songthaew (meaning ‘two rows’ in Thai) is a pick-up truck, with two benches, a roof and open sides; these operate both as local buses and taxis.

Urban Travel

All major towns are small and accessible on foot or by bicycle. You can hire motorbikes and bicycles for the day in Vientiane, Luang Prabang and other places frequented by tourists. There is a mixture of old and metered taxis in Vientiane that can usually be located at Wattay Airport, the Friendship Bridge and the Morning market. You can also hire taxis by the day.

Getting Around By Water

The Mekong and other rivers are still a vital part of the country's transport system, especially during the monsoon, despite the road system being gradually improved. However, the number of boats available has decreased dramatically. The choice is between irregular (and very basic) slow ferries and exciting but noisy and hazardous speedboats. A service runs from Luang Prabang to Huay Xai, but there is no longer a service between Vientiane and Luang Prabang, except for the rare cargo boat that may take passengers.

The journey upstream from Luang Prabang to Houay Xai takes two days, with an overnight stop in Pakbeng, and downstream it takes one day. There are regular jet-boat trips along the river, run by Lao River Exploration Services (www.jetboat.laopdr.com). Boats can also be hired privately. Many of the remaining services only run in the wet season, when the Mekong floods and becomes more navigable. Huay Xai (the border to Thailand in the northwest) to Luang Prabang and travel south of Pakse are the main routes still in use.

Travel Advice

Areas where FCDO advises against all but essential travel

Xaisomboun Province

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to Xaisomboun Province. There are intermittent attacks on infrastructure and armed clashes with anti-government groups.

Find out more about why FCDO advises against travel.

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of Laos's current rules for the most common types of travel. 

The authorities in Laos set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, send a message to the Lao Embassy London Facebook page.

Passport validity requirements

To enter Laos, your passport must have an 'expiry date' at least 6 months after the date you arrive and at least 2 blank pages.

Airlines will only let you board your flight if your passport has enough blank pages.

Check with your travel provider to make sure your passport and other travel documents meet their requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

Visa requirements 

You must have a visa to visit Laos.  

To work, study and travel for business or other reasons, you must meet the Lao immigration department's entry requirements.

Temporary tourist visa changes, 2024

From 1 July to 31 December 2024, visas on arrival and e-visas will permit you to stay for 60 days. Multiple-entry visas will only be available from the Lao Embassy before you depart for Laos.

These visas can be extended only once while in Laos for a further 60 days.

Applying for a visa

From 1 January 2025, tourist visas will only permit you to stay for 30 days from the date you arrive in Laos.

You can apply online for a Laos e-visa – apply at least 5 days in advance. The e-visa is single entry only and is accepted at major entry points.

You can also get a visa on arrival (single entry) at many entry points, including:

• Vientiane Wattay airport
• Luang Prabang airport
• Paske airport

See a full list of the entry points that accept e-visas and visas on arrival.

Visa extensions

From 1 January 2025, you're allowed to extend your tourist visa twice while in Laos, for a total of 60 days.

If you do not extend your visa within 90 days, you will face a fine in Lao kip worth 2,000 US dollars, deportation to your home country and a ban on returning to Laos.

Vaccine requirements

For details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Laos guide.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of Laos. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.  

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Laos

Although there's no recent history of terrorism in Laos, attacks cannot be ruled out.

Political situation

Specific events or political disputes may trigger violent protests. You should avoid any demonstrations or large gatherings of people. Keep yourself informed of local developments.

As chair for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) for all of 2024, there will be high-level meetings in Vientiane and around Laos throughout the year. These may cause traffic delays, along with a much higher security and police presence. Security will be more proactive around the events and as attendees travel between locations.

Crime

Protecting yourself and your belongings

Petty crime can occur in tourist areas and around ATMs. Try to have someone with you and do not carry your bank cards and cash in the same bag. Keep a copy of your passport somewhere safe.

Travellers regularly report random bag snatches, often by people on motorcycles. Hold your bags on the side away from the road, and do not have valuables on display.

People have reported incidents where they are approached and followed when alone. Be alert to your surroundings, trust your instincts and if you think you're being followed move to an area where there are other people. Consider sharing your planned route in advance and avoid quiet or less-travelled areas.

Safes in hotels and guesthouses are not necessarily secure. Use your own lock where possible. Take care of your possessions if you're travelling overnight on public transport.

Be particularly careful travelling at night by bicycle or motorcycle. Stick to well-used, well-lit roads and carry a personal alarm if possible, especially if you're alone.

Motorcycle scams

Do not leave your passport as a deposit or guarantee when hiring motorcycles. There have been reports of rental companies arranging for their motorcycles to be deliberately stolen or damaged, then keeping passports and demanding high fees. Make sure your travel insurance covers medical and other costs that arise from motorcycle accidents.

Reporting a crime

Call the Tourist Police in Vientiane on 021 251 128.

Local law enforcement responses to crimes, even violent crimes, are often limited. Foreigners attempting to report crimes have reported finding police stations closed, emergency telephone numbers unanswered, or police with no transport or authorisation to investigate crimes at night. If the police do attend, they may ask you to pay fuel and telephone costs. Ask the staff at your accommodation for help with reporting a crime.

Drink and food spiking

Both male and female tourists have reported having their drink or food spiked with drugs and in some cases been assaulted. Never leave food or drink unattended. Be cautious about accepting drinks from strangers at bars, clubs, restaurants and parties.

Methanol poisoning

There have been deaths and cases of serious illness caused by alcoholic drinks containing methanol. Methanol has been used in the manufacture of counterfeit replicas of well-known alcohol brands or illegal local spirits, like vodka. You should take care if offered, particularly for free, or when buying spirit-based drinks. If labels, smell or taste seem wrong then do not drink.

Affected drinks may include:

• local spirits, including local rice or palm liquor
• spirit-based mixed drinks, such as cocktails
• counterfeit brand-name bottled alcohol in shops or behind the bar

Laos authorities have issued an order prohibiting the sale and consumption of Tiger Vodka and Tiger Whisky due to concerns about them being a risk to health. You should avoid consuming these products.

To protect yourself from methanol poisoning:

• buy alcoholic beverages only from licensed liquor stores
• buy drinks only at licensed bars and hotels
• avoid home-made alcoholic drinks
• check bottle seals are intact
• check labels for poor print quality or incorrect spelling

Methanol is tasteless and odourless. It can rapidly lead to serious illness. Long-term effects may include blindness and permanent damage to the Central Nervous System. Coma and death may occur following substantial exposure.

TravelHealthPro lists the symptoms of methanol poisoning. Seek urgent medical attention if you or someone you are travelling with show signs of methanol poisoning.

Laws and cultural differences

Illegal drugs and the death penalty

The possession and use of all drugs including marijuana are illegal in Laos and penalties are harsh. These include life sentences and the death penalty, with a number of Lao nationals having been sentenced to death in 2019.

For confidential support and guidance for dealing with officials, call the British Embassy in Vientiane (24 hours).

Using cameras and binoculars in secure areas

Photographing or entering any military site without an official invitation is prohibited and you may be arrested or detained. Avoid photographing bridges or airfields.

Getting permission for special travel projects

You should get permission from the local district authorities for any travel seen as out of the ordinary, such as extensive photography, or scientific research of any kind.

Relationships with Lao nationals

The Lao government prohibits sexual relationships between foreign and Lao nationals, except when the parties have been married in accordance with Lao family law. You must ask permission for marriage or engagement to a Lao national in a formal application to the Lao authorities.

Penalties for failing to register such a relationship can be up to 5,000 US dollars fine and possible imprisonment. It is not unknown for Lao authorities to demand entry into hotel rooms or guesthouses where they suspect this regulation is being broken.

Smoking and e-cigarette bans 

While cigarettes are common, the use of e-cigarettes is illegal. You could be fined or imprisoned for importing, selling, purchasing or using them.

Dress codes

When you visit any temples and religious sites, your shoulders and knees should be covered, whether you are male or female.

It is not culturally appropriate to walk around in public wearing swimming costumes after leaving waterfalls, rivers or swimming pools.

LGBT+ travellers

There are no legal restrictions on same-sex sexual relations in Laos. Proud To Be Us Laos raises awareness about LGBT+ rights and HIV/AIDS among the LGBT+ community. More information can be found on the Proud To Be Us Laos Facebook page.

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

Safety and maintenance may not meet the standards you find in the UK. Risks include:

• remote areas that are difficult for rescue services to reach
• flooding, swollen rivers and landslides, especially during the rainy season
• lower standards than in the UK

River rafting and water activities

• Travel on the Mekong River can be dangerous, especially when water levels are low, and sandbanks may be close to the surface  
• White-water rafting, kayaking, tubing and other water-based activities, including swimming in the Mekong, are dangerous and there have been incidents of drowning and serious injuries  
• Operators may not give the necessary safety advice; you cannot expect warning signs to tell you about currents or rough stretches of water  
• Check that lifejackets are provided.

See water safety on holiday from the Royal Life Saving Society.

Extreme or adventure sports, including paragliding/motoring, climbing, off-road driving and hot air ballooning

Be aware equipment may not meet UK safety and insurance standards.

Make sure:

• you use reputable properly insured operators and insist on training 
• adequate safety precautions are in place 
• your travel insurance covers all the activities you want to undertake 
• you read the contract you are offered and be clear about who is responsible for all parts of the venture.  
• if you choose an organisation that prepares properly, you are more likely to stay safe

Road travel 

If you are planning to drive in Laos, see information on driving abroad.

You'll need to have both the 1949 version of the international driving permit (IDP) and your UK driving licence with you in the car. You cannot buy an IDP outside the UK, so get one before you travel.

Police may stop your car at any time, particularly in the evening, and ask for ID. You should stop at checkpoints and roadblocks unless you are waved on. 

Driving conditions

Roads in Laos are in poor condition and vehicles are not maintained to UK standards. Travel after dark significantly increases the risk of an accident, as vehicles often do not have lights. Livestock including water buffalo also stray on to the roads causing accidents.

Road accidents and safety

If you're involved in a road accident, you will have to pay compensation for third-party property damage and injury, even if you're not at fault. Generally, the Lao authorities will overwhelmingly find in favour of Lao citizens, regardless of the situation. Lao insurers only meet a small proportion of the costs of an accident and will not cover this compensation.

Motorbike rentals may not supply helmets, so budget to purchase one locally. Take extra care when using public transport or shared vehicles, as they can be overcrowded and unsafe. You can report road accidents to a dedicated police number +856 20 5666 9090.

China-Laos Expressway

The recently opened Vientiane to Vang Vieng section of the China-Laos Expressway is the first contained high-speed road in Laos, with posted speed limits between 80 and 120km/h. Take care when using this road, as some local users will be unfamiliar with this type of carriageway.

Landmines and unexploded weapons

Landmines and other unexploded weapons are a hazard throughout Laos and kill a number of people each year. Keep to main routes in rural areas, and do not pick up metal objects. This risk is higher after flash floods or landslides during the monsoon season.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards. 

Monsoon

The rainy season in Laos normally runs from May to October, at the same time as the typhoon season in south-east Asia. Mountain areas are vulnerable to landslides in the rainy season and the Mekong's river basins and surrounding areas are likely to be flooded. Meteorologists predict that tropical storms could be more forceful and more frequent in the future, this can amplify monsoon storms and rainfall. Away from river basins there is a high risk of flash flooding causing falling trees, damage to buildings and transport infrastructure; be aware landslides may expose undiscovered UXO.

The Mekong River Commission posts official updates on the Mekong River. Travel to some provinces can be seriously disrupted during this time. Monitor local news and check World Meteorological Organization weather reports.

Regional risks

This section has safety advice for regions of Laos. It only covers regions where FCDO has specific advice.

You should also read FCDO's overall travel advice and safety and security advice.

Xaisomboun Province

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to Xaisomboun Province. There were reports in 2021 of attacks on infrastructure and armed clashes with anti-government groups in the province. There could be more skirmishes.

Borders with Thailand and Myanmar (Golden Triangle)

There have been small-scale clashes between anti-government groups and government troops in isolated areas along the Laos-Thailand border. The local law enforcement agencies have limited capability to counter these threats.

Be extremely cautious in Bokeo Province, particularly near the borders with Myanmar and Thailand, and around the Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone. Armed groups carry out employment scams and drug trafficking in this area.

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical numbers

Dial 1195 or 030 525 7239 and ask for an ambulance.

Voluntary ambulance services also operate in Vientiane free of charge.

Vientiane Rescue: 1623 or (0)20 5666 8825

Lao Red Cross Rescue: (0)20 5996 6111 or (0)20 2200 5563

Make sure anyone attending an accident is wearing a uniform marked 'Vientiane Rescue' or 'Lao Red Cross'. There have been reports of bogus companies attending accidents and trying to charge fees.

Contact your insurance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Laos
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Laos.

Mosquito-borne diseases

The rainy season sees an increase in dengue cases. Dengue and malaria are endemic, so you should increase precautions to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes.

Anthrax

Anthrax has been found in cattle and buffalo near the tourist areas of 4,000 Islands, Pakse and the Bolaven Plateau. Anthrax is a serious disease that can be transmitted to humans. Avoid contact with cattle and buffalo and make sure meat is thoroughly cooked. Seek medical attention if you are exposed to infected animals or show symptoms.

Air pollution

Regional air pollution can be a problem in some parts of Laos and may aggravate heart, lung or respiratory conditions. Children, the elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions may be especially affected. You can read guidance on how to cope with air pollution.

Medication

International clinics, large hospitals and larger pharmacies in Laos can supply most prescription medication. In remoter areas this may be more difficult.

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

Healthcare in Laos

Medical care in Laos can be basic and outside the capital there are no reliable facilities to deal with medical emergencies. Medical evacuation is difficult to organise and very expensive. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad and repatriation.

You may be asked to pay for an ambulance and any treatment you need in advance. Make sure you get a receipt to use for insurance claims.

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Laos where some staff will speak English.

There is also guidance on healthcare if you're living in Laos.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in Laos

Fire: 1190

Police: 1191

Alternative numbers for police stations: 241162, 241163, 241164, and 212703

Tourist police in Vientiane: 021 251 128 

Ambulance: 1195 or 030 525 7239

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding English-speaking lawyers, funeral directors and translators and interpreters in Laos
• dealing with a death in Laos
• being arrested or imprisoned in Laos
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you're affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow and contact FCDO: 

• travel advice on X

• travel advice on Facebook

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Diphtheria	Yes
Hepatitis A	Yes
Malaria	Yes*
Tetanus	Yes
Rabies	Sometimes
Typhoid	Yes
Yellow Fever	No**

Overview:

 

Leave plenty of time before travelling to contact your GP – 2 months is best - to check whether you need any vaccinations or other preventive measures. If you are unfortunate enough to fall sick or are in real need of medical attention it is best to travel to Vientiane where there are several reputable medical clinics. Any treatment must generally be paid for in cash. In Laos if you need emergency medical assistance, dial 195 (ambulance Ministry of Public Health) or 030 525 7239 (ambulance centre) to request an ambulance.

In urgent cases, repatriation to Thailand – especially for serious injuries and illnesses – is best. There you will find excellent healthcare at Bangkok Hospital, which specifically caters to medical tourists, or Phyathai Hospitals Group which has translators for 22 languages as well as a team of English-speaking staff. The hospitals in Bangkok are some of the best in the world, usually meeting or exceeding US standards. Udon Thani and Chiang Mai are closer, depending on your location in Laos and both have clinics better than you’ll find in Laos. Bear in mind that evacuation is complicated to organise and is very expensive.

If in doubt, a helpful concierge at one of the better hotels will probably be a good source of information as would most embassies in an emergency situation – note that there is no British consular representation in Laos – the closest is in Bangkok. Urgent consular assistance to British nationals is provided by the Australian Embassy in Vientiane.

Exercise caution when buying medicines from pharmacies in Laos, unfortunately, as with many developing countries in Asia, counterfeit drugs are very common. There are few if any laws preventing such trade and Laos is somewhat of a dumping ground for phony, replica goods – whether household items or medicines. Lastly, health insurance is essential and should include cover for air evacuation.

Vaccinations Note:

* Not required for Vientiane.

** A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers arriving from infected areas.

Food Drink:

All water should be regarded as being potentially contaminated. Water used for drinking, brushing teeth or making ice should have first been boiled or otherwise sterilised. Milk is unpasteurised and should be boiled. Powdered or tinned milk is available and is advised. Avoid dairy products that are likely to have been made from unboiled milk. Only eat well-cooked meat and fish. Vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled.

Other Risks:

Hepatitis E occurs and hepatitis B is highly endemic. Dengue fever, tuberculosis and Japanese encephalitis occur. Avoid swimming in fresh water as schistsomiasis and leptospirosis are present. Other than the capital – which is malaria-free but not dengue fever-free - assume that malaria is present everywhere in Laos – before leaving home check with your health clinic regarding which precautions to take as there are drug-resistant parasites around Laos. Bring DEET-laced insect repellent of at least 25% strength and sleep with a mosquito net and fan. Generally speaking - the mosquitoes that are active during daytime may be carrying dengue and those that are active at dawn and dusk, malaria.

Currency Information:

Lao Kip (LAK; symbol ₭­) = 100 cents. Notes are in denominations of ₭50,000, 20,000, 10,000, 5,000, 2,000, 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1. Most transactions are conducted in cash; American Dollars, Thai Baht or Lao Kip (LAK).

Credit Cards:

Major credit cards are accepted in the more upmarket hotels and restaurants only in Vientiane and Luang Prabang. Several banks will also offer a cash advance on credit cards for a commission.

ATMs:

Nowadays most ATMs are reliable. However there is a limit on how much you can withdraw during a day, and currently the withdrawal limit per day is set at approximately 1,000,000 LAK, roughly £65. Vientiane has the biggest selection of ATMs in the county, especially around Th Setthathriat. Major hotels are likely to have an ATM on-site too.

The domestic economy in Laos still depends on the Thai baht and the US dollar; pounds and euros, less so. In fact, two-thirds of the cash in the capital Vientiane, is Thai or American. Although only kip is legally negotiable in everyday transactions, it’s worth remembering that for small purchases and transactions, prices will be quoted in kip, larger transactions, i.e for hotels or transport, it’s likely the price will be quoted in dollars. This is relevant for whereabouts you are too - in larger cities Thai baht or US dollars are more in use, whereas in smaller towns and villages, kip is usually preferred. In spite of relative current stability, the kip is not yet a stable currency.

Travellers Cheques:

Limited acceptance and often with a hefty commission charge – available at most banks in Vientiane. To avoid additional exchange rate charges, travellers are advised to take traveller's cheques in US Dollars or Thai Baht.

Banking Hours:

Mon-Fri 0830-1600. Some banks remain open during lunch.

Currency Restrictions:

The import and export of local currency is prohibited. The import and export of foreign currency is unrestricted, subject to declaration of amounts more than US$2000 on arrival.

Currency Exchange:

Thai Baht, US Dollars, Euros and the British Pound are the easiest currencies to exchange. They are also widely accepted in shops, markets and hotels in Vientiane and Luang Prabang.

Currencies

Code	Symbol
LAK	₭

Exchange Rates

8513.15

10144.60

8190.30

Language

The official language is Lao; however, many tribal languages are also spoken. French, Vietnamese and some English are spoken.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

.

List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2024-01-01 00:00:00	0
Pathet Lao Day	2024-01-06 00:00:00	0
Army Day	2024-01-20 00:00:00	0
Chinese New Year	2024-02-10 00:00:00	0
International Women's Day	2024-03-08 00:00:00	0
Day of the People's Party	2024-03-22 00:00:00	0
Lao New Year (Pi Mai)	2024-04-13 00:00:00	0
Labour Day	2024-05-01 00:00:00	0
Vixakha Bouxa (Buddha's Birthday)	2024-05-23 00:00:00	0
Children's Day	2024-06-01 00:00:00	0
National Day	2024-12-02 00:00:00	0

Overview:

The following goods may be imported into Laos by travellers aged 16 and over without incurring customs duty:

• 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 250g of tobacco.
• 1L of spirits and 2L of wine.
• 50ml of perfume and 250ml of eau de toilette.
• Goods up to the value of US$50.

You must declare any antique items purchased in other countries.

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Banned Imports:

Prohibited and restricted goods include products affecting national security and stability or public health, narcotics, wildlife, endangered species, and historical artefacts.

Telephone:

The General Post Office (GPO) offers public telephones for national and international calls. There are also card phone booths available. Lao Telecome Numphu Centre in Vientiane is useful for making international calls, domestic calls and sending faxes.

Mobile Telephone:

Roaming agreements exist with a few international mobile phone companies. Check with your service provider. Coverage is sporadic and mainly, though not exclusively, situated around Vientiane. It's better and cheaper to arrives to Laos with your mobile phone unlocked and then to buy a pay-as-you-go SIM card. Look for Tigo and M-phone top-up cards.

Internet:

Internet cafes are located in the major towns and are becoming increasingly common in places frequented by backpackers. High-speed connection is only available in places such as Vientiane and Luang Prabang. In Vientiane the best streets to head to for fast internet connection and internet cafes with Skype and air-conditioning are Th Samsenthai and Th Setthathriat. Expect to pay around 7000K an hour for broadband. Wi-Fi is increasingly available in many Western orientated bars and cafes

Post

The General Post Office (GPO) is beside the Morning Market in Vientiane. Normal postal service is inexpensive and generally reliable although it can take around two weeks to and from Western countries. A courier service is recommended for urgent or valuable mail.

Post Office Hours:

Mon-Fri 0800-1700, Sat-Sun 0800-1200.

Media:

The Lao media is basically a tool of the government, which owns all of the country's newspapers and broadcast media. Newspapers are not widely read. The widest read English-language newspaper is the Vientiane Times. Le Rénovateur, started in 1998, is the only French-language newspaper in the Lao PDR (Laos). It is published weekly by an agency of the Ministry of Information and Culture and the French Cultural Centre of Vientiane corrects the articles written by Laotian journalists. The Lao-language daily is the Vientiane Mai. All newspapers are state run. You will be able to pick up copies of Newsweek, Time, The Economist and The Bangkok Post in the capital.

Lao National TV (TVNL) and Laos Television 3, a joint venture with a Thai company, are the main TV channels. Lao National Radio is the national radio station - it was founded in 1960, before becoming a national broadcaster in 1975.

 

Marvel at the intricacy of Laotian silk

Laos is famous across Asia for its fine silk weaving, a tradition practiced for centuries by hill tribe villages using traditional backstrap looms. Local silk is used to make everything from shawls and sarongs to shirts and bags – the weaving village of Ban Phanom near Luang Prabang is a great place to see the weavers at work.

Meet the local wildlife

The jungles of Laos are a hotbed of biodiversity, home to hundreds of species of birds and elusive tigers, elephants, rhinos and bears. Getting close to the wildlife involves trekking into national parks, or in the case of the Bokeo Nature Reserve near Hoay Xai, travelling through the forest canopy on zip wires in search of the illusive black gibbon.

Learn to cook Laos’ delicious cuisine

If you enjoy the rich flavours of Laotian cuisine, you can learn to make the same dishes on a cooking course in Vientiane or Luang Prabang. Most classes include a visit to the local market to purchase meat, vegetables, herbs and spices, so you'll know exactly what you need when you try to make your first Laotian meal at home.

Watch sunset from the summit of Mount Phousi

As sunset falls over the Mekong River, the best place to catch the show is the summit of Mount Phousi in Luang Prabang, which is actually just a modest hill in the centre of the old town. A naga staircase climbs to the top, where a sacred stupa offers panoramic views over Luang Prabang and the surrounding rivers and hills.

Trek to waterfalls and tribal villages on the Boloven Plateau

The Boloven Plateau in Champassak province is cloaked in jungle, dotted with hill-tribe villages, and watered by some of Southeast Asia's most impressive waterfalls. Pakse, home to many ethnic minority groups, is the region's capital and the ideal base from which to explore, with organised treks to remote villages and thundering cascades.

Explore one man’s obsession in Xieng Khuan

South of Vientiane, close to the Thai border crossing at Nong Khai, the sculpture garden at Xieng Khuan was created by the eccentric monk Luang Pu Bunleua Sulilat, who devoted a lifetime to creating a representation of Buddhist heaven and hell on Earth in the form of cement statues. Vendors nearby serve grilled river fish and pounded papaya salad.

Admire the sweeping lines of Wat Xieng Thong

Perhaps the grandest of all Laos temples, Wat Xieng Thong's soaring rooftops hark back to Luang Prabang's golden era. The sim (chapel) was founded in 1560, and the complex is richly decorated with coloured glass and gold. It's a stunning example of traditional Laotian architecture and hosted important royal rituals when Luang Prabang was capital of the Kingdom of Laos.

Step back into the mists of time at Vat Phou

The ruins of lost empires lie scattered across Laos, but perhaps the most evocative site is the ruined Khmer Hindu temple complex of Vat Phou, constructed on a mountain top by the same empire builders who went on to create the mighty temples of Angkor in Cambodia. The approach by river from Pakse is almost as atmospheric as the ruins themselves.

Pause to reflect in the Pak Ou Caves

The limestone mountains of Laos are worm-holed with caverns, and many have been worshipped as shrines since time immemorial. The fascinating Pak Ou Caves, a speedboat ride north from Luang Prabang, are full of hundreds of Buddha images, left there over centuries by local worshippers. It's a ritual harking back to animist traditions, and the caves are incredibly photogenic.

Cruise the mighty Mekong

The Mekong River forms the border between Laos and Thailand, and cruising this mighty waterway is the best way to experience the slow, easy rhythms of life in this Asian backwater. One stunningly romantic trip is the three-day cruise from Pakse to the ruins of Vat Phou, aboard a gorgeous converted teak barge.

Ponder the mystery of the Plain of Jars

Laos' most enigmatic sight, the Plain of Jars, near Phonsavan, is swathed in legend and mystery. The grasslands are covered in hundreds of stone jars, some weighing up to six tonnes. Local legend says they were used to ferment rice wine in the sixth century to celebrate a victory in battle, but nobody knows for sure why they were created.

Chill out in laidback Luang Prabang

Sprawling along the banks of the mighty Mekong River, UNESCO-listed Luang Prabang is the nation's most important cultural and religious centre. Scattered around the historic centre are dozens of historic monasteries, and queues of monks wind through the city streets every morning. Travellers love Luang Prabang for its relaxed pace of life and delicious food, best sampled along the riverbank.

Trek to hill tribe villages

Like neighbouring Thailand and Myanmar, Laos is home to thousands of tribal people, who live in peaceful isolation in the jungles of the central highlands. The most popular starting point for treks to meet tribal people is the sleepy town of Muang Xing in mountainous Luang Namtha province, which is ringed by Akha and Tai Leu hill tribe villages.

Drift along a river

Floating in a tyre inner tube might sound like an unlikely tourist attraction, but travellers have been lazily bobbing along the Nam Song River at Vang Vieng ever since Laos reopened to tourism in the 1990s. Today, hedonistic Vang Vieng is a victim of its own success, but travellers still flock to tube on the river and sip beers in riverside bars.

Search for dolphins on the Mekong

The waterways of Laos are one of the last refuges of the critically endangered Irrawaddy dolphin, which can be spotted on the Mekong River, particularly around Si Phan Don (Four Thousand Islands). This laidback archipelago is one of the favourite backpacker hangouts in Laos, and the starting point for trips to spectacular Khone Phapheng, Southeast Asia's largest waterfall by volume.

Meet a monk

As dawn breaks across Laos, the streets are criss-crossed by saffron-coloured lines of monks, queuing up to receive alms from local traders. It's one of the most photogenic sights in Asia, and worth getting up for every morning. Luang Prabang is probably the most scenic spot for monk watching, but this ritual unrolls in every town each morning.

Tour temples and markets in colonial Vientiane

With its fading French colonial architecture and handsome Buddhist wats and stupas, Vientiane is the living image of Indochina. Home to less than 800,000 people, but dotted with golden temples, this is one of the smallest, quietest and most relaxed capital cities in the world, nestled in fertile plains on the banks of the Mekong River.

Overview

The markets in Vientiane and Luang Prabang are worth visiting. Silk, cotton fabrics, wood carvings, pottery, silver jewellery and handmade shirts are good buys. Lao sarongs (pha sin) and hill tribe bags are a popular souvenir. Although the majority of shops have fixed prices, bartering is still advisable for many items.

In Vientiane, it’s worth heading out to the weaving district of Ban Nong Bouathong, northeast of the city. Try the Phaeng Mai Gallery which sells beautiful Lao textiles. For something really smart, head to the American designer Carol Cassidy’s shop, Lao Textiles, which is well-known internationally. Here, you’ll find items that will fit in well at parties back home as well as on your travels. Lao weavers design the items and work in an attractive old French-Lao house. If buying clothes in Laos note that most fabrics are not machine washable as the dye runs. Nearby, opposite Talat Sao market, is the clumsily named Handicraft Products of Ethnic Groups- here you’ll find handicrafts from all across the family.

Luang Prabang is best known for its handicrafts, art, textiles and jewelry. In an old French mansion, Pathana Boupha Antique House is certainly worth a visit. There’s some beautiful silverwork and old photos for sale, mostly from the Lao owners’ private collection. It’s brilliant for browsing and for choosing an inspired, unusual gift. There are also plenty of small bookshops. L’Etranger Books & Tea is a lovely place to cool off or curl up with a book in. It sells both new and second-hand books mainly about Laos and Southeast Asi but head upstairs to the tea lounge and you can see local art displayed too.

Another great spot to combine retail with tea is the Baan Khily Gallery, which sells Lao crafts and mulberry bark paper (sǎa). The friendly owner is often on-site and there’s an upstairs terrace which lends itself to chill-out time.

Opening Hours

Times vary but generally Mon-Sat 0800-1700 with private shops open longer hours. Some also open on Sunday.

Overview

Laotian cuisine shows the clear influence of Thai, Vietnamese and Chinese cooking, with its widespread use of chilli, fish sauce, soy and Asian herbs like lemongrass, ginger, galangal and Asian basil. There's also a subtle French influence dating back to the colonial administration, most obvious in the baguette sandwiches sold on the streets of Vientiane.

The foundation stone of any Laos meal is khao niaw (sticky rice), and most meals come with a side order of tam mak hoong (pounded green papaya salad). Perhaps the most famous dish of all is laap, a fiery salad of minced meat, chilli, lime juice, ground rice and mint. Green tea is usually served weak and free in most restaurants, and Beer Lao has an enthusiastic following.

Some of the most atmospheric restaurants are set on terraces overlooking the swirling waters of the Mekong River – needless to say, grilled river fish is a favourite local delicacy.

Regional Specialities

Drinking Age

18.

Hotels

There are good hotels in Luang Prabang, Vang Vieng and Vientiane, but facilities are basic elsewhere with just a few exceptions. Local village hostels are available, but with few amenities, these are not really geared towards western tourists. One thing to bear in mind is the peak and low season periods. High season, which is from October to January means more booked-out hotels and higher prices. By contrast low-season - any date that falls outside of January to February – means more room for bargaining and less visitors. One especially impressive new opening is La Folie Lodge (www.lafolie-laos.com), a property owned by a French count, located on Don Daeng, an isolated island in the Mekong River in southern Laos. Ideal for a look at rural Laotian life and for enjoying perfect isolation in luxury.

Nowadays Laos has several five-star options and some fantastic boutique options. Luang Prabang has the highest concentration mainly due its UNESCO-listed setting and elegant colonial buildings. The Aman and Orient Express chains have hotels in Laos and several independent boutiques have opened, many of which are perfect for honeymooners and upscale visitors, offering world-class cuisine, cultural programmes and service of the highest standards.

Camping Caravaning

Organised tent camping is available in Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area and through major tour operators in Vang Vieng. Wild camping is also possible with your own gear, although for safety reasons this is obviously better done in a group. Simple bamboo forest camps are also a possibility. The Nam Ha Forest Camp in Luang Namtha's Nam Ha National Protected Area is a good option. There is also combination of rafting and camping expeditions available in Luang Prabang province. Additionally, Xe Pian National Protected Area offers short camping programmes from Kiet Ngong Village.

Other

History

In ancient history, Laos was a collection of scattered tribal communities and little written record of this early period survives. Most of what we know follows the Chinese invasion of Laos during the 4th and 5th centuries. After the Chinese, the next foreign power to gain influence over Laos was the Hindu Khmer Empire, which spread across the country before founding its capital at Angkor in neighbouring Cambodia.

During this period, the previously dominant Chinese were displaced by a massive influx of ethnic Tai peoples from Thailand and Hinduism slowly gave way to Buddhism. The Khmer Empire eventually collapsed into warring city-states, paving the way for the independent kingdom of Lan Xang, founded in 1353 at Luang Prabang.

Populated by a mixture of ethnic Laos, Thais and various hill tribes, the Lan Xang Empire lasted for three centuries, fighting off successive invasion attempts from Vietnam, Siam (Thailand) and Burma. Internal power struggles in the 18th century were exploited by its neighbours, notably Thailand, which finally conquered Vientiane in 1779, absorbing southern Laos into the Kingdom of Siam.

The Siamese were the dominant power until the arrival of the French in the 1870s. Joining Cambodia and Vietnam, Laos became part of French Indo-China, and colonial administration saw plantations established across the country. The Japanese occupation in WWII weakened French control and Laos finally achieved independence in 1953.

The restoration of the monarchy under King Sisavang Vong was initially welcomed, but resistance grew, spearheaded by the fighters of the Pathet Lao and the Laotian Patriotic Front (LPF) the Pathet Lao, who were allied to communist forces in Vietnam. The Lao Civil War mirrored the Vietnam War, and vast quantities of ordnance were secretly dropped on Laos by the US military to weaken the communist uprising.

When Vietnam adopted communism in 1975, Laos followed suit, abolishing the monarchy and redrawing the economy along austere communist lines. Laos became dependent on military and economic assistance from Vietnam, and other neighbours closed relations with the Lao regime, leading to more than a decade of isolation.

Tensions finally began to ease in the late 1980s, and Laos slowly opened up to the outside world. Today, the country is mostly at peace and the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) remains firmly in control, though some rebel groups are still active. Despite limited political reforms in the 1990s, Laos still languishes behind its neighbours on most economic indexes.

Did you know?
• Although Laos was never officially at war with America, more than 2 billion tons of bombs were dropped on the country by the US.
• Vientiane’s famous Patuxai archway was funded by an American donation that was actually intended for the construction of a new airport!
• The biggest Lao export is coffee, a legacy of the coffee plantations founded in the French colonial period.

Religion

The majority of the Lao people are Buddhists. The Laos-Lum (Valley Laos) people follow the Hinayana(Theravada) form of Buddhism. The religions of the Laos-Theung (Laos of the mountain tops) range from traditional Confucianism to animism and Christianity.

Social Conventions

Religious beliefs should be respected. Lao people should not be touched on the head and women should not touch monks. Handshaking is not that usual; Lao people greet each other with their palms together and a slight bowing of the head. Take care when discussing politics and related subjects in conversation so as not to cause offence.

Laos is a Buddhist country and guests should dress accordingly. Shorts or revealing clothes are never acceptable. For women, sarongs work well in the heat as do long-sleeved light cotton shirts. Shoes must be removed when entering a religious building or somebody's home. It is a legal requirement to carry an ID document or a passport, and fines for not having one for presentation on demand can be high. The Lao government prohibits sexual relationships, including sexual contact between foreign citizens and Lao nationals, except when the two parties have been married in accordance with Lao family law. Penalties for failing to register a relationship range from fines to imprisonment.

Best Time To Visit:

Throughout the country, the climate is hot and tropical, with the rainy season between May and October when temperatures are at their highest, up to 35°C. The weather is very similar to that of northern Vietnam. The dry season runs from November to April, which is the best time to visit as the temperature is at its most comfortable. However, the mountainous areas can be very cold at this time, down to around 5°C. Across Asia the annual monsoon is becoming ever more difficult to predict, possibly as a result of global warming. This plays havoc with farming and occasionally travel plans too. As a guide, the average rainfall in the capital Vientiane is about 1,700 mm, although in the north of Laos and the highlands it is far wetter, with more than 3,000 mm each year.

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Required Clothing

Lightweights and rainwear, with warmer layers from October to March and for upland areas. If you come during the monsoon summer months, bring lightweight waterproofs, an umbrella and some leech oil for trekking. Bring a swimming costume for hotel swimming pools too.

Dialing Code:

+856

Area(sq km):

236800

Population:

7.275.560

Population Density(per sq km):

29

Population Year:

2020

EU Member:

No

Main emergency number

195