Thailand Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Bangkok.

Geography:

Thailand is bordered to the west by Myanmar and the Indian Ocean, to the south and east by Malaysia and the Gulf of Thailand, to the east by Cambodia, and to the north and east by Laos. The Thai highlands dominate the north of Thailand and Isan in the northeast consists of the Khorat Plateau. The Chao Phraya River dominates central Thailand. Southern Thailand is part of the Malay Peninsula.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

Flights to Thailand are available from several national and international carriers. The national airline is Thai (www.thaiairways.com), which flies from dozens of international locations. Bangkok Airways (www.bangkokair.com) offer international flights to and from destinations within Asia.

Flights are cheapest from May to October as parts of the country are hit by the rainy season. November to March are the most expensive times to fly, so it’s best to book your tickets a few months in advance.

Major airports are: Bankok Don Mueang International Airport, Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport, Chiang Rai International Airport (Mae Fah Luang), Chiang Mai International Airport, Hat Yai International Airport, Ubon Ratchathani Airport, Surat Thani International Airport, Udon Thani International Airport, Phuket International Airport, Khon Kaen Airport and Krabi International Airport.

Departure Tax

Included in the air fare.

Flight Times

From London to Bangkok: 11 hours 35 minutes
From New York to Bangkok: 20 hours (including stopover)
From Los Angeles to Bangkok: 19 hours 15 minutes (including stopover)
From Sydney to Bangkok: 9 hours 30 minutes

Getting There By Road

Road passage into Thailand is possible through Malaysia, Cambodia and Laos. You can find coach operators at major bus stations, but minivan services (such as between Chiang Mai in Thailand and Vientiane in Laos) are often faster. Thailand has multiple border checkpoints to its neighbouring countries. The border crossings are split into international crossings (for foreign nationals in possession of a valid passport and visa) and local crossings (only open to locals). There are over 20 international border crossings.

Getting There By Water

The main port is Bangkok (www.bkp.port.co.th). Note - there are very limited passenger services available.

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

Thai (www.thaiairways.com) runs services to all major domestic destinations, including Phuket and Chiang Mai. Bangkok Airways (www.bangkokair.com) flies several additional routes including Ko Samui. Discounts are available during off-peak seasons and during special promotional periods. Orient Thai Airlines (www.flyorientthai.com) and Nok Air (www.nokair.co.th) also offer domestic flights.

Bike

Bike hire is available at most tourist locations throughout the country but due to the erratic nature of driving standards and heavy traffic, caution must be observed. The World Health Organisation has rated Thailand as one of the world's deadliest countries for fatalities on motorcycles. It is however, an excellent form of transport for those wishing to travel in the quieter areas of the country.

Car Hire

Available in all main towns and cities from both international and local companies. The minimum age for hiring a car in Thailand is 21 but that could vary depending on the company you hire from.

Coach

There are many intercity bus services, which range from uncomfortable and crowded buses to luxury, air-conditioned coaches. Prices are quite cheap, but the appalling traffic in some areas of Thailand makes travelling by bus quite slow.

Departure Tax

Included in the price of the air ticket.

Documentation

A national licence or International Driving Permit is required. Once you have been in Thailand for over three months, you will need to obtain a Thai driving licence.

Getting Around By Rail

The excellent railway network extends over 4,300km (2,670 miles), linking all major towns with the exception of Phuket. It’s run by the State Railway of Thailand (tel: 1690, in Thailand only; www.railway.co.th). There are four main routes to the northern, eastern, southern and northeastern regions, and also a western line serving Thon Buri, River Kwai Bridge and Nam Tok.

There are several daily services on each route, with air-conditioned sleeping and restaurant cars on the principal trains. The journeys are leisurely and comfortable, and travelling by train is certainly one of the best ways to get around the country. The Southern Line Express stops at Surat Thani for those who wish to continue by bus and ferry to the islands off the east coast. Most railway timetables are published in English. Give yourself extra time to reach your destination as trains are usually late.

Regulations

The minimum age for driving a car in Thailand is 18 years, and 15 years to ride a motorcycle; the wearing of seat belts is compulsory. The speed limit is 50kph (31mph) to 60kph (37mph) in towns and cities and 90 to 120kph (56 to 74mph) on open roads and highways/ motorways.

Getting Around By Road

Roads in Thailand range from multi-lane freeways around Bangkok to tiny lanes known as sois.

Road Quality

There is a reasonable road network comprising of many highways which are designated by numbers. All major roads are paved.

Side Of Road

l

Taxi

Taxis are easy to find and cheap to use in Bangkok. In other cities, such as Chiang Mai, local transport such as tuk tuks is much cheaper and more common, but before riding in a tuk tuk, it’s advised to negotiate the fare.

Urban Travel

Conventional bus services in Bangkok are operated by the Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (www.bmta.co.th), but there are also extensive private minibus operations. Premium fares are charged for air-conditioned (cream-blue buses) and express buses. The ordinary buses are cream-red or white-blue, and charge a flat rate regardless of distance travelled. Fares are generally low and are collected by conductors.

In Bangkok, taxis displaying the TAXI-METER sign are metered. Samlors or tuk-tuks are three-wheeled taxis without a meter; the fare must be negotiated before the journey commences. These are cheaper than taxis but are only suitable for short distances.

There are express, rapid and ordinary motorboat services operated by the Chao Phraya Express Boat (tel: +66 02 449 3000; www.chaophrayaexpressboat.com) on the Chao Phraya River between Nonthaburi pier to the north of Bangkok to Rajburana pier in southern Bangkok. The express boats, marked with yellow or green flags, are more expensive than the rapid orange-flag-flying boats. The ordinary flagless boats are the cheapest.

The Skytrain (BTS) is an elevated mass transit system in Bangkok and consists of 35 stations on two lines. The Metro has two lines: the Blue line runs from Hualamphong to Bang Sue and the Purple line runs from the Nonthaburi Province towards the mid north area of Bangkok where it joins the Blue line. There are expansion plans for the Metro with extensions to the Blue and Purple lines and the creation of the heavy rail Orange line and the monorails Pink, Yellow and Brown lines.

Chiang Mai public transport is limited to red songthaew (minibuses), tuk-tuks, rickshaws and distinctive yellow metered taxis mainly operating from the airport. There is also a limited bus service in operation.

Getting Around By Water

Thailand has, depending on the season, up to 1,600km (1,000 miles) of navigable inland waterway. Services operate along the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok between Rajburana and Pakkred by taxi-boat ferries operated by the Chao Phraya Express Boat (tel: +66 02 449 3000; www.chaophrayaexpressboat.com). In addition, long-tailed motorboats ply the river.

Ferry services operate between the mainland and several islands including Surat Thani to Ko Samui, Phuket to Phi Phi, Pattaya to Ko Samet and Trat to Ko Chang, and can be booked in person at the dock. Strong competition on all of the major routes ensures that fares are kept low. Reduced services operate during the monsoon season from May to October along the east coast and Andaman coast, and from November until January on the Gulf coast. The more remote spots become inaccessible in these periods.

Travel Advice

Areas where FCDO advises against all but essential travel

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to parts of the south, near the Thailand-Malaysia border:

• Pattani Province
• Yala Province
• Narathiwat Province
• southern Songkhla Province – south of the A43 road between Hat Yai and Sakom, and south of the train line which runs between Hat Yai and Padang Besar

FCDO also advises against all but essential travel on the Hat Yai to Padang Besar train line that runs through these provinces.

This is due to regular attacks in the provinces by the border with Malaysia. See Safety and security .

Find out more about why FCDO advises against travel. 

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

FCDO provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

Get travel advice updates

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Follow and contact FCDO:   

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of the current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Thailand set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Thai Embassy in the UK.

Passport validity requirements

To enter Thailand, your passport must have an 'expiry date' at least 6 months after the date you arrive and have at least 1 blank page.

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

Dual nationals

If you're a dual national, it is best to leave Thailand on the same passport you used to enter – this will avoid problems at immigration.

Visa requirements

You can visit Thailand for a period of 60 days for the purpose of tourism, business engagements, and urgent or ad-hoc work. This visa category can be extended for another period not exceeding 30 days.

You can also apply in advance for a multiple-entry visa for up to 60 days.

For work, study or other reasons, you need a visa before you travel.      

Overstaying your visa

If you overstay the period of your visa, you will get a fine of 500 Thai baht a day up to a maximum of 20,000 baht. You risk being:

• held in detention
• deported at your own expense
• banned from re-entering Thailand for up to 10 years

Conditions in detention centres can be harsh.

Vaccine requirements

To enter Thailand, you must have a certificate to prove you've had a yellow fever vaccination if you're coming from a country listed as a transmission risk.

For full details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Thailand guide.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of Thailand. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

Taking cigarettes into Thailand

It is illegal to take more than 200 cigarettes per person into Thailand. This is enforced at customs on arrival. If you go over the limit, you could be fined 10 times the value. Your cigarettes will likely be confiscated.

This guide also has safety advice for regions of Thailand.

Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Thailand

There are regular terrorist attacks in the 4 provinces in the southern tip of Thailand by the border with Malaysia. The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advises against all but essential travel to these provinces.

Martial law is in place in most areas in these provinces, which means security forces have greater security enforcement and investigative powers. See Regional risks.

However, terrorist attacks could take place anywhere in Thailand. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places visited by foreign nationals. Stay aware of your surroundings, keep up to date with local media reports and follow the advice of local authorities.

Targets might include:

• security forces
• government offices
• hotels
• shops and supermarkets
• transport infrastructure

Political situation

The political situation can be unpredictable and has led to periods of civil and political unrest. Avoid protests, political gatherings, demonstrations and marches.

Crime

Protecting yourself and your belongings

To reduce your personal risk:

• carry your valuables and cash securely to guard against pickpocketing
• beware of bag-snatchers, especially on motorbikes
• take care when travelling in open transport like tuk-tuks
• avoid sleeping on buses and trains – people have had items taken from bags while asleep

Do not hand your passport over as a guarantee, for example to motorcycle or jet-ski rental businesses. Companies may hold on to passports against claimed damage.

Violent crime

Violent crime, including gun crime, rarely involves tourists. However, several foreign nationals were victims of gun violence in Bangkok in 2018. Take care when travelling in unfamiliar areas and avoid walking through isolated areas alone, especially at night.

Sexual assault

Violent sexual assaults and unprovoked attacks can happen in tourist areas across Thailand. Attacks are most common during full moon parties or similar events, and near bars late at night.

Drink spiking, alcohol and assaults

Drink spiking and drug-assisted sexual assault does happen in tourist areas around Thailand, with male and female victims. Do not leave your drinks unattended or accept drinks from strangers. Pre-arrange your transport home so you do not have to accept lifts in unlicensed vehicles.  

Drinks served in bars are often stronger than those in the UK. Alcohol and drugs can make you less alert and more vulnerable to accidents, injuries, robbery and assaults.

Methanol poisoning

Alcoholic drinks containing methanol have killed people and caused serious illness. There is a risk of methanol poisoning from home brewed alcohol or counterfeit replicas of well-known alcohol brands. Affected drinks may include:

• local spirits, including rice wine
• spirit-based mixed drinks such as cocktails
• counterfeit brand-name spirits

To protect yourself from methanol poisoning you should:

• buy alcoholic drinks only from licensed liquor stores, bars, clubs, restaurants, and hotels
• avoid home-made alcoholic drinks
• check bottle seals are intact
• check labels for poor print quality or incorrect spelling

If the label, smell or taste seems wrong, do not drink the alcohol. These are signs it is illegal and could contain methanol. TravelHealthPro lists the symptoms of methanol poisoning.

Seek urgent medical attention if you or someone you are travelling with show signs of methanol poisoning.

Bank card fraud

Be aware of card fraud. Do not lose sight of your card during transactions. There have been incidents of ATM skimming. Use an ATM in a bank and always protect your PIN.

Job scams

Be wary of job offers that appear too good to be true. People have arrived in Thailand and been illegally transported to neighbouring countries on the promise of high-paying jobs, which turn out to be scams. When you re-enter Thailand you may then be detained while your immigration status is validated.

There have been incidents of:

• passports confiscated by scammers
• victims being held in poor living conditions
• coercion into undertaking wider online scamming activity
• pressure to make large payments to be released from sham jobs

Laws and cultural differences

The British Embassy in Bangkok's video talks about what to be aware of when living or travelling in Thailand:

• Facebook – visiting Thailand video
• X – visiting Thailand video

Criticising the Thai monarchy

Criticising the Thai monarchy ('lèse-majesté') is illegal. The law can be interpreted broadly and carries a long prison sentence. British and Thai journalists, human rights defenders and members of the public have faced charges for making political comments or sharing articles online that could be interpreted as being negative towards the institution of the Thai monarchy. The law also covers any accusations about members of the Thai Royal Family, past and present.   

Images on social media

Posting images of people drinking alcohol or wearing clothing considered inappropriate can be illegal. Both the person who uploaded the images and the people in them could be fined or imprisoned.

Personal ID

Police may ask to check your passport. If you do not have it with you, you could be asked to produce it within 24 hours at a police station. Usually, a copy of the photo page of your passport will be sufficient. 

Smoking and e-cigarette bans

It's illegal to smoke in public with a fine of up to 5,000 Thai baht. E-cigarettes are illegal. You could be fined or imprisoned for carrying or using them.

Illegal drugs and prison sentences

Thailand has strict laws against drug use, possession and trafficking. Possessing small quantities of illegal substances can lead to heavy fines or imprisonment. Possessing Class A drugs can lead to the death penalty.

Conditions in prisons and other detention facilities in Thailand are harsh, with limited access to healthcare. Detainees have died in custody.

Some British nationals have suffered severe psychiatric problems because of drug use, sometimes leading to suicide.

Cannabis

Using cannabis in public places is illegal. Private recreational use of cannabis is legal if the Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content is below 0.2% by weight. There are still restrictions around growing and selling cannabis products. See more information on the Thai government's website.  

While low-strength cannabis is legal in Thailand, it is likely to be illegal in other countries you travel on to. This includes residual amounts, for example in bags or clothing or in your bloodstream.

It is illegal to take cannabis out of Thailand without the appropriate export permissions issued by the authorities. Illegally carrying cannabis, particularly large quantities, can lead to heavy fines or imprisonment in Thailand, the UK and other countries you may travel too.

LGBT+ travellers

Thailand is generally a safe place for LGBT+ travellers. However same-sex marriages are not recognised. Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Wildlife, animal products and souvenirs

It's illegal to buy, sell, kill or capture any protected wild animal or trade its parts without a licence.  

Buying property in Thailand

Buying property in Thailand is not straightforward. Make sure you understand local laws and consult a lawyer before making financial commitments. British people have been victims of property scams.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

Elephant treks

Elephant treks can be dangerous, especially if elephants are mistreated or not handled properly. Use a reliable, licensed tour guide. British nationals have been seriously injured and killed because handlers have lost control of the elephant.

Swimming safety

Take care when swimming off coastal areas, especially during monsoon season. People have drowned in strong riptides. Thailand has lifeguards on duty at designated beaches and operates a flag system for safe swimming. Follow all warning signs, especially red flags.

See water safety on holiday from the Royal Life Saving Society.

Jellyfish can swim close to the shore, particularly during the rainy season from May to October. Jellyfish stings can be fatal. Take local advice from your hotel and dive centres.

Take care when swimming, diving, kayaking or white water rafting in rivers or close to waterfalls, particularly in the rainy season. Currents can be extremely strong.

See ⁠watersports safety advice from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (ROSPA).

Scuba diving

Diving schools may have limited resources and do not always observe safety and maintenance standards. Always: 

• ask to see a dive operator's credentials
• check the conditions on your insurance policy – some policies require dive instructors to have certain qualifications
• make sure safety equipment looks to be in good condition
• make sure oxygen is available on the boat
• ask about safety precautions, including the ability to transfer divers to a hyperbaric chamber

If you have not had any previous diving experience, check what to do if something goes wrong, including how to call for help while at sea. 

Transport risks

Road travel

Thailand has a high number of road traffic accidents, particularly with motorcycles. The World Health Organisation (WHO) ranks Thailand as one of the world's deadliest countries for fatalities on motorcycles.

If you are planning to drive in Thailand, see information on driving abroad. You'll need to carry both the 1968 version of the international driving permit (IDP) and your UK driving licence while driving. You cannot buy an IDP outside the UK, so get one before you travel.

If you live in Thailand, you can apply for a Thai driving licence using your UK driving licence.

Car and motorcycle hire

Motorcycles and scooters for hire in beach resorts are often unregistered and cannot be used legally on a public road. Before you hire a vehicle, make sure your travel insurance covers you and check the small print of the lease agreement. Do not hand over your passport as a guarantee against returning a motorcycle or scooter.

By law, you must wear a helmet when riding a motorcycle.

If you drive a car or ride a motorcycle in Thailand without a valid licence, it could invalidate your travel insurance and you'll be unable to claim if you have an accident or injury.

Sea travel

There are many passenger boat services operating between the mainland and islands. Boats can sink or collide, which has led to fatalities, including of British nationals. Accidents are usually due to:

• overloading
• poor maintenance
• rough seas, particularly during monsoon season

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards.

Rainy season

The rainy season is generally from May to October. In Koh Samui and the south-east of Thailand it is from November to March. However, the rainy season has been more unpredictable recently.

Heavy storms cause disruption including flooding and landslides. Lakes, caves and waterfalls are particularly at risk of dangerous flash flooding.

Follow the Thai Meteorological Department for weather warnings.

Earthquakes

Earthquakes and tremors are a risk in northern Thailand. Earthquake Track lists recent activity.

The US Federal Emergency Management Agency website has advice about what to do before, during and after an earthquake.

This section has safety advice for regions of Thailand. It only covers regions where FCDO has specific advice.

You should also read FCDO's overall travel advice and safety and security advice.

Thailand-Malaysia border  

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to parts of the south, near the Thailand-Malaysia border:

• Pattani Province
• Yala Province
• Narathiwat Province
• southern Songkhla Province – south of the A43 road between Hat Yai and Sakom, and south of the train line which runs between Hat Yai and Padang Besar

FCDO also advises against all but essential travel on the Hat Yai to Padang Besar train line that runs through these provinces.

This is due to regular attacks in the provinces by the border with Malaysia. See Safety and security .

Thailand-Cambodia border

Take extra care in border areas and follow the instructions of local authorities. The line of the international border near the Preah Vihear temple is disputed by Cambodia and Thailand. There are unexploded landmines in the border area. Stay on marked paths especially around Ta Krabey.

Stay alert to the local situation when travelling anywhere near to the border with Cambodia, and at land crossings between the 2 countries.

Thailand-Laos border

Not all land border crossings into Laos are open to foreign nationals. Even if the border crossing is open, you may need to get a visa for Laos in advance. Check the entry requirements in the Laos travel advice. Follow the instructions of local authorities and be vigilant in the border areas.

Thailand-Myanmar border

The security situation in Myanmar is unpredictable and liable to change without notice. See Myanmar travel advice.

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Dial 191 and ask for an ambulance.

Local number: 1669

Contact your insurance or medical assistance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest information on vaccinations and health risks in TravelHealthPro's Thailand guide
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Thailand, including: 

• Zika virus
• malaria and dengue

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Thailand. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro. 

Air quality

There can be high levels of air pollution in large cities. This includes Bangkok and Chiang Mai, which are also affected by seasonal regional smoke haze caused by farmers burning trees and crops. The high pollution and particulate count sometimes reach dangerous levels. This may worsen bronchial, sinus or asthma conditions.

Check air quality levels for many cities on the World Air Quality Index website.

Medication

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Hospitals and pharmacies across Thailand will usually accept UK prescriptions. Brand-name medication can often be more expensive than locally produced medication.

Medication sold on the street may not be genuine or may have been stolen. Taking medication without medical advice or a prescription can have serious health consequences.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

Healthcare in Thailand

FCDO has a list of medical facilities in Thailand where some staff will speak English.

All hospitals require a guarantee of payment before treating patients. Make sure you have adequate health insurance.

Private hospitals in Thailand are of a high standard but can be expensive. Public hospitals and clinics do not always meet UK standards, particularly outside Bangkok.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in Thailand

Telephone: 191 (ambulance, fire, police)

Ambulance: 1669

Fire: 199

Police: 191

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding English-speaking lawyers, funeral directors and translators and interpreters in Thailand
• dealing with a death in Thailand
• being arrested in Thailand
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you are affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO 

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow and contact FCDO: 

• travel advice on X

• travel advice on Facebook

Risk information for British companies

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating in Thailand on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Hepatitis A	Yes
Malaria	Sometimes
Rabies	Sometimes*
Tetanus	Yes
Typhoid	Yes
Yellow Fever	Sometimes**
Diphtheria	Yes

Overview:

Health insurance is recommended. Medical facilities are good in main centres. All major hotels have doctors on call.

Vaccinations Note:

* For travellers spending four weeks or more in the country, or who are going to be more than 24 hours from medical help or who are handling animals. If bitten, seek medical advice without delay.
** A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over one year of age arriving within 10 days from infected areas.

Food Drink:

Use only bottled or boiled water for drinking, brushing teeth or making ice. Unpasteurised milk should also be boiled, although pasteurised or homogenised milk is available. Tinned or powdered milk is safe as long as it is reconstituted with sterile water. Beware of dairy products that may have been made with unboiled milk. Stick to meat and fish that have been well cooked, preferably served hot, but not reheated. Avoid raw vegetables and unpeeled fruit.

Other Risks:

HIV is rife in Thailand, especially among prostitutes in Bangkok and Chiang Mai. Amoebic and bacillary dysentery and hepatitis E may occur. Hepatitis B is highly endemic. Japanese encephalitis may occur, particularly in rural areas, and precautions should be taken to guard against mosquito bites. Dengue fever is also becoming increasingly widespread, particularly in central Thailand, and is also transmitted by mosquitoes. Travellers to Thailand are unlikely to be affected by avian influenza, but should avoid visiting live animal markets, poultry farms and other places where they may come into close contact with wild or caged birds; also ensure poultry dishes are thoroughly cooked.

The Zika virus is present in Thailand. The mosquito-borne illness can be spread from a pregnant woman to her unborn baby as well as through sexual contact. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends travellers protect themselves from mosquito bites and wear clothes (preferably light-coloured) that cover as much of the body as possible, sleeping under mosquito nets and using repellents that contain DEET (diethyltoluamide), IR 3535 ((3- [N-butyl-N-acetyl], aminopropionic acid ethyl-ester) or KBR3023 (also called Icaridin or Picaridin). Pregnant women are advised to postpone non-essential travel until after pregnancy and pregnant women whose sexual partners live in or travel to areas with Zika virus transmission should follow safe sexual practices or abstain from sex for the duration of their pregnancy. Women who are pregnant, at risk of getting pregnant, or planning pregnancy should seek further advice from their doctor before travelling to Thailand.

Currency Information:

Baht (THB; symbol ฿) = 100 satang. Notes are in denominations of TH฿1,000, 500, 100, 50 and 20. Coins are in denominations of TH฿10, 5, 2 and 1, and 50, 25, 10, 5 and 1 satang.

Credit Cards:

American Express, JCB, MasterCard and Visa are widely accepted.

ATMs:

ATMs are found in all major cities and almost all provincial banks. Most banks in Thailand charge a 200 baht fee per withdrawal when using their ATM with a foreign card.

Travellers Cheques:

Accepted by all banks, large hotels and shops, but are rarely used. To avoid additional exchange rate charges, travellers are advised to take traveller's cheques in US Dollars, Euros or Pounds Sterling.

Banking Hours:

Mon-Fri 0830-1530.

Currency Restrictions:

The import and export of local currency is limited to THB฿50,000 per person or THB฿100,000 per family. The import and export of foreign currency is unlimited, but amounts over US$20,000 must be declared.

Currency Exchange:

Foreign currencies can be exchanged at banks (which have the best rates), hotels (which charge high commissions) and bureaux de changes can be found in larger towns (generally open 0800-2000). Outside large towns and tourist areas, notes higher than THB฿500 may be difficult to exchange, so visitors are advised to carry small change.

Currencies

Code	Symbol
THB	฿

Exchange Rates

28.00

37.37

44.49

35.91

Language

Thai is the official language. English is widely spoken, especially in establishments catering for tourists.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

.

List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2024-01-01 00:00:00	0
Makha Bucha Day	2024-02-24 00:00:00	0
Chakri Day	2024-04-06 00:00:00	0
Songkran (Thai New Year)	2024-04-13 00:00:00	0
Labour Day	2024-05-01 00:00:00	0
Coronation Day	2024-05-05 00:00:00	0
Visakha Bucha Day	2024-05-23 00:00:00	0
Mid Year Bank Holiday	2024-07-01 00:00:00	0
Asarnha Bucha Day	2024-07-20 00:00:00	0
HM The Queen's Birthday	2024-08-12 00:00:00	0
Chulalongkorn Day	2024-10-23 00:00:00	0
HM The King's Birthday	2024-12-05 00:00:00	0
Constitution Day	2024-12-10 00:00:00	0
New Year's Eve	2024-12-31 00:00:00	0

Note:

Buddhist festivals are declared according to local astronomical observations and it is not possible to forecast the date of their occurrence exactly.

Overview:

The following goods may be imported into Thailand without incurring customs duty:
• 200 cigarettes, 250g of tobacco, or 250g of a mix of tobacco products.
• 1L of alcohol.
• Personal belongings worth less than THB฿20,000; and they must not include food or any restricted/ prohibited items.

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Banned Imports:

Prohibited imports include:
• Narcotics
• Pornographic materials
• Counterfeit goods and IP-infringing goods
• Fake notes or coins
• Animals listed in the CITES database
• E-cigarettes and related liquids.

Restricted imports include objects containing Buddha images, guns, bullets, explosives, weapons, plants, animals (dead or alive), food, medicine, cosmetics, medical devices, dangerous goods, communication radio devices, cigarettes, tobacco and alcoholic beverages.

Visitors to Thailand who need to carry medications containing narcotic drugs must apply for a permit online at least two weeks before arrival. Once approved, the amount carried cannot exceed 90 days of prescribed usage and must follow the applicable regulations. For more information, see this Ministry of Public Health website.

Telephone:

Travellers can call overseas is through a service called Home Country Direct, which is available at various post offices and CAT centres in towns and cities. It offers an easy connection to international operators in many different countries. Some accommodation places will have a mobile or landline that customers can use for a per-minute fee for overseas calls.

Mobile Telephone:

Roaming agreements exist with many international mobile phone companies. There is good coverage, especially around main towns.

Internet:

There are plenty of hotels, restaurants and cafés that provide free Wi-Fi for customers. However, be cautious when accessing delicate files or applications such as Internet banking.

Post

The primary postal service in Thailand is the Thailand Post Company Limited and it is owned by the state. The Thai postal system is said to be reliable and fairly priced, although service in rural areas in limited. Arrive before 1530 for parcels or letters that need to be sent on the same day.

Post Office Hours:

Mon-Fri 0800-2000, Sat-Sun and public holidays 0800-1300. Post offices up-country are open Mon-Fri 0800-1630, Sat 0900-1200.

Media:

The government and military control nearly all the national terrestrial TV networks and operate many of Thailand's radio networks. Print media is largely privately run and subject to less governmental supervision.

Cheer the winning fighter at kickboxing match

Muay thai (Thai kickboxing) is the national martial art, an ancient form of combat with spiritual overtones. Awesome bouts can be seen in most major cities, preceded by elaborate rituals and accompanied by Sarama, the rhythmic music played on drums, cymbals and the Thai oboe. If you fancy getting in the ring, there are training academies across the country that offers training to beginners and experienced fighters.

Learn the fine art of Thai cooking

Why stop at just tasting Thailand’s fabulously spicy cuisine? Across the country, local cooks have started cooking schools where you’ll learn to whip up the perfect green curry and pound your own curry pastes, usually after a visit to a local market to buy ingredients. Bangkok is Thailand’s undisputed cooking school capital.

Find a perfect beach on Thai islands

Thailand’s islands offer some of Asia’s finest beaches. Take your pick from resort luxury on Ko Samui, backpacker vibes on Ko Chang, or a peaceful experience on Ko Lipe. In fact, pretty much every Thai island has a perfect beach to kick back on.

Drift around the islands of Phang Nga Bay

Covering 400 sq km (154 sq miles) Phang Nga Bay is one of the world's great scenic wonders. Rising surreally from the turquoise ocean, are hundreds of limestone islands and outcrops, home to rare wildlife and peppered with caves and grottoes. If it looks familiar, it’s probably because The Man with the Golden Gun was filmed here in 1974.

Unwind with a traditional Thai massage

Traditional Thai massages – reputedly founded by the personal physician of the Buddha more than 2,500 years ago – is offered on every other street corner in Thailand. Some of the best practitioners are trained by the massage school at Bangkok’s Wat PhoThai Traditional Medical and Massage School (www.watpho.com), the home of Thai massage, or graduates from government training programmes for the blind and rehabilitated ex-convicts.

Go temple hopping in Chiang Mai

The temple-studded city of Chiang Mai is the capital of northern Thailand, and the homeland of the Lanna people, who were once an independent nation before unification with the Kingdom of Siam. Within the ruined medieval city walls are dozens of timeless wats (monasteries) with soaring, tiered rooftops adorned with golden carvings of nagas (sacred serpents).

Dive into the jungle in a Thai National Park

Large areas of Thailand are given over to national parks, many in the jungle-covered highlands where the landscape is too tortuous for agriculture. Doi Inthanon National Park near Chiang Mai surrounds the nation’s highest peak, while Khao Sok National Park near Phanom preserves the largest area of virgin jungle in Thailand.

Get in touch with your spiritual side on a meditation course

There are retreats all over Thailand where you can get in touch with your spiritual side, from yoga resorts on tropical beaches to remote forest monasteries offering strict training in Buddhist meditation. If you are just curious about Buddhism, try chatting to the monks at Chiang Mai’s popular ‘monk chat’ sessions.

Interact with elephants at Elephant Nature Park near Chiang Mai

Thailand’s Elephant Nature Park (+66 53 272 855; www.elephantnaturepark.org) focuses on gentle elephant interactions. Visitors can wander with herds of jumbos rescued from tourist shows and logging camps. Elephant Nature Camp is one of the best, and visitors feed the herd and participate in elephant bath time.

Roam through the ruins of a vanished empire in Ayuthaya

The ruins of abandoned royal capitals are scattered across the central plains in Thailand, but the UNESCO-listed remains of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, the most important power in the country from 1351 to 1767, are perhaps the most atmospheric. Exploring the ruins by bicycle, you’ll still be struck by the grandeur of the crumbling monasteries and Buddha images on all sides.

Get soaked for Songkran

The biggest party on the Thai calendar, Songkran marks the Thai New Year every April. After genteel visits to monasteries to shower Buddha images with water, locals grab hosepipes and water pistols and engage in running water fights in the streets of Bangkok and Chiang Mai. The atmosphere is incredible, and everyone – foreigners included – gets a soaking.

Scuba dive the teeming reefs of southern Thailand

Thailand’s coral reefs are one of world’s best places to scuba dive, attracting everything from miniature shrimps to gigantic whale sharks. The southern coast is dotted with spectacular dive sites, some accessible from shore, others only open to divers on live-aboard cruises. Topping the list are the Surin Islands and Similan Islands, north and northwest of Phuket respectively.

Trek in the hills above Chiang Rai

A hill tribe trek has become an established part of the Thai traveller experience, but the traditional image of hill tribe farmers in native costume is harder to find with each passing year. The most popular spot for treks into the hill tribe heartlands is Chiang Rai, a place worth visiting in its own right for its northern-style monasteries and laid-back attitude.

Walk across the Bridge Over the River Kwai

Internationally famous thanks to the 1957 film The Bridge on the River Kwai, the iron-bridge that spans the Kwai River was constructed as part of the Japanese Siam-Burma 'Death' Railway during WWII. An estimated 16,000 allied prisoners of war died during in its construction, and the bridge remains a poignant symbol of the Japanese occupation.

Scale the limestone cliffs of Krabi

Krabi was a sleepy country town before rock climbers discovered the astonishing karst cliffs at Ao Nang and Rai Leh. Today, hundreds of bolted sport climbing routes ascend soaring limestone buttresses that rise dramatically above white sand beaches, and Krabi has become an essential stop on the backpacker circuit. Local climbing schools can show you the ropes.

Make the pilgrimage to Wat Phra That Doi Suthep in Chiang Mai

The gleaming golden spire of Wat Phra That Doi Suthep rises above the rooftops of Chiang Mai from the slopes of Doi Suthep, the city’s most sacred peak. The monastery was founded in the 14th century, after the location was selected by a wandering white elephant, and it remains a stunning example of Northern Thai architecture.

Ride the Chao Phraya Express

All day, the crowded ferry boats of the Chao Phraya Express cruise up and down the Chao Phraya river, offering gorgeous glimpses of the spires of the Grand Palace and the towering prangs (temple towers) of Wat Arun (www.watarun.net). As well as front row seats for life on the river, the boats are buffeted by cooling breezes.

Step into Thai history in the Bangkok National Museum

Bangkok National Museum (+66 2 224 1333; www.virtualmuseum.finearts.go.th) is the largest museum in Southeast Asia and houses some remarkable relics from Thai history, including the gold-encrusted funeral chariots used for members of the Thai royal family. Nearby, on the far side of the river, are the Royal Barges used for ceremonial processions on the Chao Phraya River.

Measure up against Thailand’s biggest reclining Buddha

A stone’s throw from the Royal Palace, magnificent Wat Pho is the most important monastery in old Bangkok and the spiritual home of Thai massage. As well as chapels piled high with golden Buddha images, the monastery enshrines the largest reclining Buddha in Thailand, measuring 46m (151ft) from its gilded topknot to its mother of pearl-inlaid feet.

Marvel at the grandeur of the Grand Palace in Bangkok

Rising like a gilded shrine beside the Chao Phraya River, Bangkok's glittering Grand Palace is one of the wonders of Asia. In the grounds is the equally glittering Wat Phra Kaew, a temple covered in gold and mosaics. Also known as the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in English, houses in its most sacred sanctum the legendary Emerald Buddha, once enshrined in both Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai.

Overview

Duty-free shops are located at Bangkok Suvarnabhumi, Don Mueang, Phuket, Krabi, Chiang Mai, Samui and Hat Yai airports. Duty-free can be found in the King Power Complex (+66 2 677 8899; www.kingpower.com) on Bangkok's Sri Ayutthaya-Rangnam Road as well as tax-free shops. Items can be purchased there and delivered to the airport in time for the departure flight. Value Added Tax (7%) can be refunded on goods bought in shops labelled 'VAT Refund for Tourists’. However, there is a minimum amount for single transactions of TH฿2, 000 (including VAT) per day, and goods must value at least TH฿5, 000. VAT Refund Application for Tourists forms are completed at the time of purchase and it’s necessary to show one's passport. The goods and VAT refund application must be presented on departure to Customs.

Souvenirs such as textiles, handicrafts, antique reproductions, ceramics and jewellery are available; all major cities and popular tourist haunts will offer some or all of these items. Bangkok and Chiang Mai have the greatest range and excellent markets. The souvenirs on the markets may not be authentic, but paddling through the stream of stalls at the floating markets near and around Bangkok is an unforgettable experience. Generally souvenirs and tourist offerings are extremely good value but shoppers should check quality carefully.

Opening Hours

Mon-Sun 1000/1030-2100/2200.

Overview

Thailand has one of the world’s greatest cuisines, rivalling China and India in its astonishing variety and complexity. For many, the taste of Thai curries – flavoured with rich pastes made from herbs, roots, spices and ground-chillies – is the definitive taste of Southeast Asia.

Thai cuisine is a fusion of tribal cooking traditions from the far north and flavours from the spice trade, which reached the country via the ports of the south.

The cornerstone of any Thai meal is rice – most commonly, fragrant jasmine rice or sticky glutinous rice – and it serves as a cool counterpoint to the fiery flavours of Thai curries and stir-fries. Not every Thai dish is spicy, but most are – locals say that something sweet will douse the heat!

Regional Specialities

Tipping

Most high-end hotels and restaurants will add 10% service charge as well as a compulsory 7% VAT to the bill. Tipping in Thailand is appreciated; it’s customary to offer any loose change in coins as a tip.

Drinking Age

20.

Hotels

Hotels in Thailand cover every range, from high-end luxury boutiques to fantastic options for the budget traveller. There is cheap accommodation throughout Bangkok but Banglamphu is the main area for budget accommodation. Hotels outside the capital and developed tourist areas are less lavish but are extremely economical and comfortable. Visitors can book hotels on arrival at Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi Airport and also at some of the provincial airports.

Bangkok and many tourist destinations around Thailand have some of Asia's finest hotels, with thousands of rooms meeting international standards. Many hotels belong to the large international chains. The majority of luxury hotels have swimming pools, 24-hour room service, Wi-Fi and air conditioning.

Camping Caravaning

In general, visitors will find that camping in Thailand is not popular, as other accommodation is available at such reasonable prices. Most of Thailand's campsites are in the area of the national parks where tents can be rented; there are also some private tourist resorts that provide camping facilities. Camping is allowed on nearly all of the islands and beaches.

Other

History

Thailand’s social history can be traced back to the Neolithic period, but the country we know and love came into effect with the establishment of an alliance between three kingdoms – Lan Na, Sukhothai, and Phayao in the 13th century. The 14th and 15th centuries witnessed the emergence and growth of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which continued until it fell to the Burmese, initially in 1569, then again in 1760, before finally succumbing in 1767.

Thailand’s current Chakri Dynasty began in 1782 when Phraya Chakri ascended the throne as King Ramathibodi, Rama I. The new dynasty moved the country’s capital city to Bangkok where it remains to this day. King Mongkut, Rama IV, instigated trade and diplomatic relations with European countries in the mid-19th century, as well as educational reforms.

During the reign of King Prajadhipok, Rama VII, Thailand changed from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy following a coup d’état in 1932. The country’s name was officially changed in 1939 from Siam to Prathet Thai, or Thailand, meaning ‘land of the free’, a phrase used to express pride in the fact that Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to be colonised by a European state.

The Thai military government sided with the Japanese in WWII and allowed US forces to use Thai territory during the Vietnam War. Democracy developed slowly in Thailand and after a quarter of a century of military rule, civilian government was restored in 1973 following the student riots in Bangkok, but this was to last only three years before the military again took control.

The country continues to move between civilian and military administration – the latest coup in May 2014 resulted in new elections with an end to martial law declared on 1 April 2015, prompting one commentator to note that in the 83 years since absolute monarchy ended in 1932, uniformed or ex-military men have led the nation for 55 years.

King Bhumibol Adulyadej, Rama IX was one of the world’s longest serving head of state and Thailand’s longest reigning monarch, having ascended the throne in 1946. After his death in October 2016, his son Maha Vajiralongkorn Bodindradebayavarangkun (known as Vajiralongkorn) has taken to the throne, although he has not yet been crowned formally.

Did you know?
• Thailand colluded with the Japanese in the construction of the infamous Burma-Siam railway, made legend by the film The Bridge on the River Kwai.
• Although the elephant is Thailand’s national symbol, its numbers have dropped from 100,000 in 1850 to around 2,700 domesticated elephants today, and 2,000-3,000 in the wild.
• In Thailand, it is illegal to leave home without wearing underwear.

Religion

The vast majority adhere to Buddhism (Theravada form), 5% are Muslim and there are Christian and Hindu minorities.

Social Conventions

Western visitors will generally receive a handshake on meeting. A Thai will be greeted with the traditional closed hands and a slight bow of the head - the wai. Buddhist monks are always greeted in this way.

The Thai Royal Family is regarded with an almost religious reverence. Visitors should respect this. It is very bad manners to make public displays of anger, as Thais regard such behaviour as boorish and a loss of 'face'. Public displays of affection between men and women are also frowned upon, and it is considered rude to touch anyone on the head, point one's feet at someone, show the bottom of one’s feet to someone or step over a sitting or sleeping person. It's also impolite to point one's toes towards a Buddha statue. Shoes should be removed before entering someone's home or a temple.

Smoking restrictions have been in place since 2002 and it is illegal to smoke in public establishments such as bars, restaurants, indoor workplaces, public transport and markets. As of February 2018, there is a smoking ban in non-smoking areas such as vehicles, workplaces and public places. Smoking was already banned across 24 beaches including Koh Samui. According to the Public Health ministry, non-smoking areas include, but are not limited to rental buildings, condos, pubs, hotels, karaoke establishments, religious buildings, restaurants, parking areas, spas, clinics, hospitals, schools, swimming pools, areas for Thai massages, fitness parks and ‘other places’. If caught smoking, the fine will be 5,000 baht. Travellers should keep an eye out for “no smoking” signs to avoid any mistakes.

Best Time To Visit:

Thailand has a tropical climate so it is generally very hot, particularly between March and May with April being the hottest month (30°C/86°F). The monsoon season runs from May/June to October, when the climate is still hot and humid with torrential rains. Rain in the south typically continues until December. The best time for travelling is November to March as the monsoon season is over and the hot temperatures of Thailand’s summer are yet to arrive. The southern islands like Koh Samui are best from June to September where temperatures average around 27/28°C (81/82°F).

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Required Clothing

Lightweights and rainwear are advised. Informal dress is widely acceptable. Beachwear should be confined to the beach and topless sunbathing is frowned upon. Thailand is quite modest so short or revealing clothes in major cities should be avoided if the goal is to be respectful to the locals. Anything knee-length or longer is acceptable as well as shirts, polos and blouses. Take a pair of good walking shoes or boots for jungle trekking, and long-sleeved tops to protect against mosquitoes.

Dialing Code:

+66

Area(sq km):

513,120

Population:

69.799.978

Population Density(per sq km):

135

Population Year:

2020

EU Member:

No

Main emergency number

1155