South Africa Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Cape Town (legislative); Pretoria (executive); Bloemfontein (judicial).

Geography:

The Republic of South Africa fills the southern tip of the continent and is lapped by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Indian Ocean to the east, and a swirling mixture of the two at the very tip.

It totally encloses the independent kingdom of Lesotho, and is bordered by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland to the north.

A vast, interior plateau has sharp escarpments that rise above the lowland plains. Mountainous regions include the Drakensberg and Magaliesberg.

The west coast is arid, while the south and southeast coasts are semi-arid, with vegetation fringed by sandy beaches and rocky coves. In contrast, the subtropical northeast has lush wetlands and coastal forests. The wildlife viewing areas are scattered throughout the country, with the famous Kruger National Park so vast that it encloses a wide variety of eco-systems. 

Of its nine provinces, Gauteng, which houses Johannesburg and Pretoria in the northeast, is the smallest and most densely populated. The Northern Cape is the largest province covering between a third and quarter of the country, but containing only a tiny percentage of the population in this territory of desert and semi-desert wilderness.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

There are many flights to South Africa from Europe, North America and Asia. The national airline is South African Airways (www.flysaa.com) which runs direct flights from various destinations in UK and the USA to Johannesburg.

British Airways (www.ba.com) and Virgin Atlantic (www.virgin-atlantic.com) also offer direct flights from London to Johannesburg. British Airways has a direct service between London and Cape Town, and runs a direct flight between London and Durban starting winter 2018.

Delta (www.delta.com) flies to Johannesburg from Atlanta. From Southeast Asia, Singapore Airlines (www.singaporeair.com) flies direct to Johannesburg from Singapore.

Flights tend to be more expensive in December and January, while April and May are usually cheaper.

Major airporst are: Cape Town International Airport, Durban King Shaka International Airport, Johannesburg O.R. Tambo International Airport and Port Elizabeth Airport.

Departure Tax

None.

Flight Times

To Johannesburg: from London - 11 hours 5 minutes; New York - 14 hours 40 minutes.

To Cape Town: from London - 11 hours 35 minutes; New York - 18 hours 35 minutes (including stopover).

Getting There By Road

There are several borders you can cross to get into South Africa if you are entering the country by car and border posts are open daily. The main border posts are:

• Namibia Vioolsdrift / South Africa, open 24 hours
• Mozambique Komatiepoort / South Africa, 0700-2200
• Botswana Tlokweng / South Africa, 0700-2200
• Zimbabwe Beitbridge / South Africa, 0600-2200
• Swaziland Oshoek / South Africa, 0700-2200

Coach operator Intercape (tel: +27 21 380 4400; www.intercape.co.za) runs regularly to and from points in Namibia, Botswana, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique.

Getting There By Water

Cape Town, Durban, East London and Port Elizabeth all have major ports. For more information regarding the ports, contact Transnet National Ports Authority (www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net).

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

Several airlines operate domestic routes with regular links between Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, George, Nelspruit and Port Elizabeth and relatively frequent flights to several smaller towns and cities too. The main operators are South Africa Airways (www.flysaa.com), Comair (a division of British Airways) (www.ba.com), Mango (www.flymango.com), Kulula (www.kulula.com) and Airlink (www.flyairlink.com).

Internal air fares are not particularly cheap, and price wars have taken several airlines that attempted to introduce more affordable flights out of business. But since South Africa is a big country with long distances between its major tourist centres, it generally makes sense to fly.

Public transport at the airports is mostly inadequate, but the sparkly modern Gautrain (http://join.gautrain.co.za) from OR Tambo airport in Johannesburg is a quick and efficient way to reach the city centre, some useful points in the northern suburbs and Pretoria.

Cape Town airport has a cheap shuttle service called MyCiTi (www.myciti.org.za).

Bike

Let’s be honest, South African motorists can be pretty careless, and many drive without a licence or insurance. That makes hiring a bike in the cities a dangerous idea. But it’s a great country for mountain biking, with plenty of guided tours available.

A couple of companies including Cape Bike Rentals (www.capebikerentals.com) rent out motorbikes in Cape Town, and Cape Town Cycle Hire (www.capetowncyclehire.co.za) rents out bikes and mountain bikes.

Breakdown Services

The AA (tel: tel: 0861 000 234, in South Africa only; www.aa.co.za). Yellow SOS telephones are available on major routes, but very sporadically.

Car Hire

Dozens of car hire firms are operating, including the major international players, and even the smaller airports have a rank of car hire desks. At peak periods it’s worth booking in advance. Drivers must be at least 18 years old, and most car hire companies only accept an unendorsed licence that has been valid for a minimum of one year.

Coach

Coaches criss-cross the country between all major towns and cities and a web of tiny off-the-beaten-track towns too. Operators include Intercape (tel: +27 21 380 4400; www.intercape.co.za), Greyhound (tel: +27 11 611 8000; www.greyhound.co.za) and Translux (tel: +27 861 589 282; www.translux.co.za).

The Baz Bus (tel: +27 21 422 5202; www.bazbus.com) is aimed at backpackers and picks up from hostels en route. It runs along the coast between Cape Town and Durban, before heading to the Drakensberg Mountains and Johannesburg.

You can also buy coach tickets through Computicket (tel: +27 861 915 8000; www.computicket.co.za), which has online booking and kiosks in some shopping malls.

Documentation

Foreign licences are valid if they are in English with a photograph of the holder, but the AA recommends an International Driving Permit to prevent potential complications.

Getting Around By Rail

Intercity services are run by Shosholoza Meyl (www.shosholozameyl.co.za), with trains between Johannesburg, Durban, East London, Port Elizabeth and Cape Town. Trains are frustratingly slow and the facilities including the dining car and trolley service are basic by European standards. Sleeper cars are available in tourist class, with shared showers. Economy class just buys you a reclining seat. Children under three travel free. Children aged three to nine pay half fare.

Cape Town’s Metrorail (tel: +27 21 449 6478; www.metrorail.co.za) runs a pleasant coastal route from Cape Town to Simon’s Town that passes through quaint Kalk Bay.

Luxury trains: Premier Classe (tel: +27 11 773 9247; www.premierclasse.co.za) runs between Johannesburg and Cape Town once a week, and is more comfortable than the regular train. The Blue Train (tel: +27 21 449 2672; www.bluetrain.co.za) and Rovos Rail (tel: +27 21 421 4020; www.rovos.com) offer luxurious cabins and gourmet food in elaborate dining cars and run between Cape Town and Pretoria via Johannesburg. Rovos also runs a service between Pretoria and Durban.

The Gautrain (tel: 0800 4288 7246, in South Africa only; http://join.gautrain.co.za) runs overground and underground connecting Johannesburg, Pretoria and OR Tambo International Airport.

Regulations

The legal driving age is 18 and driving licences must be carried at all times. The speed limit on highways is 120kph (75mph), 80-100kph (50-62mph) on national roads and 60kph (37mph) in urban areas. Driving is on the left, seatbelts must be worn, and it is illegal to use a mobile phone without a hands-free kit.

Getting Around By Road

Roads between the major centres are generally well maintained and well signposted, so getting around by road isn’t a problem, except for some of the daunting distances. The Fifa 2010 World Cup saw a major investment in improving the road system, particularly around Johannesburg and Cape Town.

A controversial motorway tolling system electronically identifies number plates, so if you're renting a car, you usually need to pay the car hire company directly.

Petrol stations accept credit cards Car theft and hijacking is a problem, so it's advisable to keep doors locked and avoid picking up hitchhikers.

Road Classification

National highways are denoted with an 'N' and some are toll roads.

Road Quality

Roads and national highways link all the major areas. The only untarred roads are in rural areas and in some game reserves. Heavy rains and sometimes dodgy workmanship have left many urban roads riddled with serious potholes however. Road signs are in English.

Side Of Road

l

Taxi

Available in all towns, hotels and airports, generally with meters fitted, although some still operate without or prefer not to use them. They are not particularly cheap, and it’s often cheaper to haggle over the price in advance. Taxis do not cruise and must be ordered by phone or at a taxi rank.

Urban Travel

Public transport is generally dreadful. Although there are bus networks in all main towns, reliability is dubious. Routes for the minibus taxis used by local commuters are too confusing to even try to explain to a short-term visitor.

Cape Town buses are run by Golden Arrow (www.gabs.co.za) and in Johannesburg by Metrobus (www.mbus.co.za). Metrorail trains (www.metrorail.co.za) in larger cities used by commuters are generally not recommended to visitors due to the crime risk. The one bright spot is the MyCiTi bus network (www.myciti.org.za) in Cape Town. 

Getting Around By Water

The main ports of Cape Town, Durban, East London and Port Elizabeth are industrial or geared towards international cruise liners rather than domestic ferry routes.

Travel Advice

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice 

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice. 

Get travel advice updates

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of the current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in South Africa set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the South African High Commission in the UK.

Passport validity requirements

Your passport must have an 'expiry date' at least 30 days after the date you leave South Africa and have at least 2 blank pages. 

Dual nationals

If you are a South African citizen aged 18 or over, you must use a South African passport to enter and exit South Africa. It is illegal to use another country's passport. See the South African Department of Home Affairs for further information. 

Visa requirements

You can visit South Africa without a visa for up to 90 days for business or tourism.

For more information on visas, contact the South African High Commission.

Check the expiry date of your visa or entry stamp and ensure you do not overstay.

The Department of Home Affairs also has information on South Africa visas and immigration regulations. 

Travelling with children

There are special requirements for travelling to South Africa with children aged 17 and under, and for unaccompanied children entering South Africa. The South African Department of Home Affairs has more information.

Vaccine requirements

To enter South Africa, you must have a certificate to prove you've had a yellow fever vaccination if you're coming from a country listed as a transmission risk. 

For full details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's South Africa guide. 

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of South Africa. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.  

Taking money into South Africa

When you enter South Africa, you must declare cash:  

• in South African rand if you are bringing more than 25,000 rand per person
• in other currencies if together they are worth more than 10,000 US dollars

Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in South Africa

The main threat is from individuals who may have been inspired by terrorist groups, including Daesh, and who may carry out 'lone actor' attacks.

Attacks could be indiscriminate and could target public spaces and places visited by foreigners, such as:

• tourist sites
• shopping centres
• high profile events
• crowded places

Stay aware of your surroundings, keep up to date with local media reports and follow the advice of local authorities.

Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories conflict

The current conflict in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories has led to heightened tensions around the world. Terrorist groups, such as Al-Qaida and Daesh, have called on their supporters to carry out terrorist attacks in response to the conflict. The conflict could also motivate individuals to carry out attacks. Terrorist attacks could target Jewish or Muslim communities, or the interests of Israel and its allies. Attacks could also be indiscriminate and happen without warning.

Political situation

There are regular protests and demonstrations in South Africa which can turn violent at short notice. Violence could affect participants and bystanders anywhere in the country. 

Avoid areas where protests, demonstrations or marches are taking place, especially in city centres and townships. Do not cross protester roadblocks. This could provoke a violent reaction. Monitor local and social media for updates, including local radio. Where possible stay on main roads. Be aware GPS could lead you to less secure areas. 

Protests can happen at land border crossings particularly on the Mozambique border. This may delay you being able to cross the border or cause the crossing to be closed at short notice.

Crime

There is a high crime rate in South Africa, with incidents including:  

• violent muggings
• snatching jewellery and valuables
• carjacking
• 'smash and grab' attacks on vehicles
• house robbery
• rape and sexual assault
• murder

Cape Town airport road attacks 

There have been recent attacks and violent crime on secondary roads to and from Cape Town airport. 

You should: 

• stay on the M3 and N2
• avoid the R300
• stay on 'airport approach road' (exit 16 on the N2) and avoid Borcherd's Quarry Road leading to Nyanga
• make a journey plan in advance and discuss it with a trusted local contact
• avoid following GPS navigation routes that take you away from main roads

Table Mountain National Park attacks 

There have been recent violent attacks and muggings against hikers and foreign tourists in Table Mountain National Park, including on Lion's Head and Signal Hill. 

You should: 

• avoid quieter areas of the park, especially during early mornings and evenings
• stay on busy, marked trails
• go on popular days such as weekends
• not hike alone

Some Cape Town residents coordinate group hikes on social media, for example The Hikers Network and Facebook. The Hikers Network offer a free safety tracking service. 

Crime locations 

Violent crime can take place anywhere, including in tourist destinations and transport hubs. Most violent crimes occur in townships located on the outskirts of major cities, central business districts or in isolated areas. The threat is higher when it is dark. 

There have been violent incidents involving tourists at popular tourist locations. There are usually security personnel in the main tourist areas who can assist tourists. However, policing and security can be limited, so always be cautious. 

Avoid isolated beaches and picnic spots. Do not walk alone in remote areas or on beaches when deserted, especially when it is dark. 

Protecting yourself and your belongings 

To protect your personal safety: 

• do not display valuables or leave them in your car
• take safe and reliable transport – see Public transport
• stay alert and be wary of people who approach you
• do not walk around after dark
• travel with friends if possible and make sure someone knows your plans
• only go to a township with a responsible and reliable tour guide
• consider removing expensive-looking jewellery to protect yourself
• be aware that resisting a robbery can lead to a violent response, including use of weapons, that can result in physical injury

Solo and women travellers 

Solo and women travellers have received unwanted attention and have been assaulted. Read our advice for 'Solo and independent travel' and 'Advice for women travelling abroad'.

Fraud and scams

Be alert to the risk of scams, including through business or job opportunities, visa services or offers of romance and friendships, including on dating apps.

Card skimming and confidence scams are widespread. There has been an increase in cybercrime and internet scamming. Do not meet up with or send money to someone you do not know.

If you use a visa agent, be wary of fraud. Always follow the correct visa application process through the Department of Home Affairs. Fraudsters often use embassy or other government details – check they are authentic before responding. Visa scams come in many forms and can cause great financial loss.

Criminals may pose as officials for financial or personal gain. If in doubt, ask to see their ID and move into a safe, public and open space. Police officers must carry their appointment certificate. If you have any concerns, call:

• police on 10111
• emergency services on 112 (mobile only)

Dating app safety 

Criminals use dating apps to rob, rape or sexually assault victims. Be cautious using dating apps. Meet in well-lit, public places and tell friends or family your plans. 

ATMs and money exchanges

Crime around ATMs and money exchanges is common. You should: 

• hide your PIN
• be wary of strangers offering to help when your card does not work, or trying to lure you to an ATM
• only change large sums of money in banks or secure shopping malls, not in busy public areas – do be aware, however, that people exchanging large amounts of cash have been followed and robbed

Criminal kidnap 

The risk of kidnap is increasing throughout South Africa. Criminals generally kidnap people for financial gain.  

In recent years, foreign nationals, including British nationals, have been kidnapped. British nationals can be seen as wealthier than locals and may be at particular risk of kidnap for financial gain. There have also been reports of young children being kidnapped from shops, shopping malls and beaches. Stay vigilant and be aware of your surroundings.

To reduce your risk:

• avoid wearing expensive clothing or jewellery, particularly in public
• be vigilant, especially at night

There have been reports of long queues leading to armed robberies and express kidnappings close to the Lebombo border crossing with Mozambique at Nelspruit, Mpumalanga. Express kidnappings are short-term, opportunistic abductions aimed at extracting cash from the victim. Victims may be held hostage for up to several days while criminals use stolen bank or credit cards. These often take place after dark. Consider whether you can use a different crossing or only approach the border during daylight hours. 

Airport crime

Crime in and around airports includes robbery and theft of baggage and valuables. Criminals have followed people from OR Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg to their destinations and then robbed them, often at gunpoint.

You should:

• be careful in and around the airport
• use main roads to and from airports
• go through public areas quickly
• avoid isolated areas
• arrange for your hotel or tour operator to meet you if possible
• go to your connecting flight quickly if in transit
• consider vacuum-wrapping luggage
• keep valuables in your carry-on luggage

Vehicle crime

Carjacking and robbery are common, particularly after dark and around traffic lights, junctions, petrol stations and driveways.

Thieves often break car windows and take valuables while cars are waiting at junctions.

Criminals sometimes force vehicles, including tourist buses, to stop so that they can rob passengers. Common tactics include throwing spikes (sometimes hidden in plastic bags), stones or glass in front of vehicles. If criminals target your vehicle, drive to a safe place, or as far as possible, if it is safe to do so.

Criminals may pose as police and use 'blue lights' on plain (often white) vehicles to stop motorists and steal the vehicle. If you are suspicious, do not stop and continue to a police station, petrol station or other place of safety to call the police.

Do not pick up strangers or stop to help apparently distressed motorists. Continue driving and report the incident to the police.

If you are involved in a carjacking, stay calm and surrender your valuables and your vehicle if asked. Do not resist as this could lead to a violent reaction.

To reduce your risk while driving:

• check your route for any hazards or disruptions before you set off
• use a GPS, but do not follow routes into less secure areas – generally smaller roads
• stay on main roads and park in well-lit areas
• avoid stopping for long periods
• lock your car when you leave it, and manually check the doors have locked
• keep your windows closed, especially at junctions
• keep valuables out of sight, ideally in the boot
• use 'smash and grab' film on windows – ask hire car firms for this
• make sure you can see the tarmac and the tyres of the car in front of you when you stop your vehicle, giving you space to escape if you need to

Taxi app crime 

Scammers target people using taxi apps in major cities.  

Make sure you:  

• use an internationally recognised service
• book the taxi in the app
• check the vehicle registration and ID before entering
• do not wait in the street
• do not display your phone or valuables
• ask the driver to close rear windows and lock doors if you cannot do so yourself
• check the taxi app for extra security features, and consider using them

Be wary of unregulated drivers posing as Uber or other taxi app drivers, especially at airports. If you book a taxi, wait in a designated taxi pick-up area, if there is one.

Tensions between taxi app and metered taxi drivers can lead to armed violence, particularly around Gautrain stations and at airports. Strikes and protests by taxi app drivers take place, sometimes with attacks against drivers not seen to be participating. Passengers have also faced harassment or violence. Apps generally warn about high-risk areas, but be cautious using these services. During strikes use alternative reliable private transportation. 

Power cuts

In South Africa there have been nationwide power cuts caused by shortages. Whilst there has been a significant reduction in planned power cuts ('loadshedding'), they can still happen and affect:

• private accommodation, including hotels and airbnbs
• availability of mobile phone networks and wifi
• shops
• banks and ATMs
• public lighting
• traffic lights
• security systems such as alarms and electric fencing
• petrol stations
• water

There may be higher risk of crime where security systems or public lighting do not work.

You should: 

• ask your accommodation provider how they manage planned power cuts
• check for planned cuts on the Eskom website or 'loadshedding' apps
• follow the advice of local authorities if there are water restrictions, including bans on drinking tap water

Preparing for power cuts

To prepare for long power cuts:

• write down emergency contact numbers
• plan how you'll let relatives and friends know where you are
• carry a power bank with extra charging cables
• carry a torch or other portable lighting
• ensure you have enough medicine and first aid supplies
• find nearby safe places that may have back-up power such as hotels, hospitals and police stations, in case you need help
• read our advice If you are affected by a crisis abroad

Water shortages 

Across parts of South Africa, there have been water shortages. Follow the advice of local authorities if there are water restrictions in place.

Laws and cultural differences

Personal ID

Always carry a copy of your passport photo page and the page with your visitors permit or residence permit for South Africa. South African officials may ask for ID and proof of residence at any time. Keep your passport in a hotel safe or another secure location. Do not carry it with you unless you need it for official identification.

Cannabis laws 

It is illegal to buy or sell cannabis or to use it in public. Using cannabis in private is legal. Public and private use of cannabidiol oils (CBD oils) is also legal. The use, sale and purchase of all other drugs is illegal. 

LGBT+ travellers

Same-sex sexual activity is legal. It is illegal to discriminate based on sexual orientation. See our advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Wildlife, animal products and souvenirs

It is illegal to buy, sell, kill or capture any protected wild animal or trade any of its parts without a permit. Trading ivory or rhino horn is banned. Anyone caught buying or trafficking banned goods will be prosecuted.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

Do not take unnecessary risks when participating in outdoor activities and adventure tourism. Health and safety standards vary globally and may not be the same as in the UK.

Where possible, insist on a receiving a safety briefing.

Hiking and walking 

To stay safe while hiking, South African National Parks (SANParks) advise you: 

• save emergency numbers before you hike
• not hike alone – go in groups of 4 or more if possible
• choose a route that matches your ability
• stay on busy, marked trails on popular days such as weekends
• plan your route and allow enough time
• carry water, food and a fully charged phone
• dress appropriately and prepare for weather changes
• tell someone your route and when you expect to return

Table Mountain National Park

Some Table Mountain trails are strenuous and mountain rescuers get regular calls to help hikers. Know your limits, research possible trails and select a route suitable to your fitness level. Always check the availability of the cable car if you are planning to use it.  

See Crime for information on violent attacks in Table Mountain National Park.  

Kruger National Park

After a violent attack killed a tourist in the Kruger National Park, SANParks advise against using the Numbi gate. There have been protests and violent incidents on the R538 road leading to the gate.

You can fly directly to Kruger National Park from Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban. Many people also choose to take a private tour or drive overland themselves.

If you stay outside the park, contact your lodge in advance to find out if any disruptions will affect your trip. See SANParks news.

Swimming safety

Beach conditions and local safety measures vary. Every year, many people drown due to strong sea currents. Ask for a life jacket if you participate in water sports.

On beaches with no equipment or warning signs, speak to local people who know the conditions. If in doubt, do not enter the water.

On busier tourist beaches:  

• only swim between the red and yellow flags
• read the warning signs
• follow instructions from lifeguards

The South African National Sea Rescue Institute (NSRI) has information about rip currents. 

In an emergency, call:

• 112 emergency services (mobile only)
• +27 87 094 9774 - NSRI emergency line

Seals and other marine animals can bite. Take care near seals when you are swimming or by the sea where they are found. Rabies has been detected in seals along the Cape Peninsula coastline. If you are bitten seek immediate medical attention and notify the authorities.

Transport risks

Road travel

If you are planning to drive in South Africa, see information on driving abroad. 

You can use a UK photocard driving licence to drive in South Africa for up 12 months. If you still have a paper driving licence, get the 1968 version of the international driving permit (IDP) before you travel, or update to a photocard licence. 

If you become a permanent resident, exchange your UK licence for a South African licence within 12 months of getting your residency. See living in South Africa. 

Hire car companies often have stricter requirements for their customers, such as a year of driving experience and a higher minimum age. 

See Crime for advice on travel to and from the airport, vehicle crime and safety at border crossings. 

Driving rules and standards

Driving standards vary in South Africa. Fatal road accidents are common, particularly around weekends and major public holidays.

Drive cautiously and: 

• obey speed limits
• avoid unfamiliar areas at night
• keep fuel levels above half a tank to avoid running out

On highways, drivers overtake or undertake in any lane including the hard shoulder.

On single-lane roads, trucks and slower vehicles sometimes use the hard shoulder to allow faster vehicles to overtake.

At most intersections, including 4-way stops and where traffic lights are out of service, the first vehicle to arrive generally has priority. Small roundabouts (called circles) are treated the same as a 4-way stop.

On larger roundabouts, you should give way to the right, although drivers often do not do this.

Road conditions

Road conditions are mostly very good but some roads in remote areas are less well maintained and may have potholes.

If you are travelling to a lodge in a remote area, check road conditions with the lodge management as you may need a car with good ground clearance.

If you rent a car, save the emergency roadside assistance numbers. Download an offline map if you do not have access to a GPS.

Pedestrian safety  

Pedestrian deaths account for a high number of road deaths every year in South Africa. This can happen anywhere, and the risk is higher if you cross a road away from marked crossings (jaywalking). If possible, cross at a marked crossing when it's safe to do so. 

Public transport

Transport with a greater risk of theft, violence and unreliable service includes: 

• minibus taxis
• Metrorail train services
• long-distance public train and coach services

Generally safer and more reliable transport includes: 

• Gautrain between Johannesburg, Pretoria and OR Tambo International Airport
• MyCiTi bus in Cape Town (central business district and Atlantic Seaboard)
• airport shuttle buses through internationally recognised hotels
• internationally recognised taxi apps where bookings are confirmed through the app

To reduce your risk: 

• do not walk to or from Gautrain stations after dark
• do not travel to townships by MyCiTi bus – there have been violent attacks in Khayelitsha

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards.  

Flooding

Heavy rainfall often causes widespread flooding. There is a year-round risk of flooding across South Africa. Always check weather reports and news for hazards before you start your journey. For alerts and forecasts, see the South African Weather Service. 

Wildfires

Wildfires can happen in rural and urban areas during hot and dry weather. If you see a wildfire, move to a safe place away from vegetation and smoke. If you are inside a building or a car and judge it is safe to stay there, close all vents and windows.

Before you travel check that: 

• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation
• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant. 

Emergency medical number

Dial 112 (from a mobile) or 10177 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance or medical assistance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for South Africa
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in South Africa, including:   

• malaria
• chikungunya
• cholera

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of South Africa, including Johannesburg. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro.

HIV 

HIV is a risk in South Africa. Take normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. There is more information on sexually transmitted infection risk and prevention for travellers on TravelHealthPro. 

Medication

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

If you take regular medication, make sure you can get repeat prescriptions if needed. Most prescription medicines in the UK need a prescription ('script') from a doctor in South Africa. The doctor may ask you to get an electronic prescription from your medical practitioner in the UK. There are pharmacies across the country – some have medical practitioners on site who can write prescriptions.

TravelHealthPro explains best practice when travelling with medicines.

Healthcare in South Africa

There is no healthcare agreement between the UK and South Africa.

Public medical care varies across South Africa. Standards of treatment and hygiene may not be the same as in the UK.

South Africa has a very high standard of private medical care. Private healthcare can be expensive, so make sure you have the right travel health insurance and funds to cover the cost of medical treatment abroad and repatriation if needed.

FCDO has a list of medical providers in South Africa.  

Rehabilitation centres for drug or alcohol addiction

Private rehabilitation centres are widely accessible to foreign visitors. You should read available guidance on rehabilitation, recovery and residential treatment in South Africa, if you are considering attending an inpatient treatment programme.

You should also:

• do extensive research beforehand
• choose a reputable facility that is registered with the South African Department of Social Development or the Western Cape's Substance Use Disorder Service
• get the right visa for your stay
• get the right travel insurance, including medical cover suitable for a rehabilitation stay and your particular circumstances

Make plans in case: 

• you relapse abroad
• treatment is unsuccessful
• you need unplanned repatriation to the UK – this may need to include access to extra funds

TravelHealthPro has information on travelling abroad for treatment. 

International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers has information on the impact of travel and substance use. 

The British High Commission in Pretoria does not usually contact or visit people who have travelled specifically for medical treatment. 

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also guidance on TravelHealthPro.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in South Africa

All emergencies from mobiles: 112

Ambulance and fire: 10177

Police: 10111

National Sea and Rescue Institute: 112 or +27 87 094 9774

Search and Rescue: 10177 or 10111

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO provides guidance on how to help yourself stay safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding English-speaking lawyers, funeral directors and translators and interpreters in South Africa
• dealing with a death in South Africa
• being arrested in South Africa
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you are affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Find more support for British nationals abroad.

Contacting FCDO 

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call  FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow and contact FCDO: 

• travel advice on X

• travel advice on Facebook

Risk information for British companies

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating in South Africa on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Yellow Fever	No**
Typhoid	Sometimes
Tetanus	Yes
Rabies	Sometimes
Malaria	Sometimes*
Hepatitis A	Yes
Diphtheria	Yes

Overview:

Medical facilities are good in urban areas but can be limited elsewhere. Doctors and hospitals often require immediate cash payment. Comprehensive health insurance is recommended to cover the fees of private facilities. The National Tourism Information and Safety Line is 083 123 2345. The general emergency services number is 10111. Netcare 911 (tel: 082 911; www.netcare911.co.za) is a private emergency service offering road assistance and evacuation, ambulances, private hospitals and emergency over the phone medical advice.

Vaccinations Note:

No vaccinations are essential. However:

* Kruger National Park, Mpumalanga and northern KwaZulu-Natal are low risk malaria areas during December-April.

** A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over one year old arriving from an infected area.

Food Drink:

Mains water is safe to drink. Milk is pasteurised and dairy products are safe for consumption, as are local meat, poultry, seafood, fruit and vegetables. Diarrhoea remains the most common cause of ill health in travellers, with South Africa graded as an intermediate risk country. The standard of food safety and preparation is generally good and poses little threat to your health, but sensitive travellers should follow the advice to ‘cook it, peel it or leave it.’

Other Risks:

Avoid swimming and paddling in stagnant or slow-moving water as there is a low risk of contracting bilharzia, and a risk of catching E.coli. Cholera is spread by contaminated food or water and occurs in some rural areas of Limpopo, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape, where it can be picked up from swimming in contaminated streams. Swimming pools that are well chlorinated and maintained are safe. Vaccinations against tuberculosis and hepatitis B are sometimes recommended.

Department of Health statistics show the prevalence of HIV/AIDS remains high despite increasing efforts to combat it, with 178 out of 1,000 adults infected, compared to a global average of just 8 in 1,000. Malaria is found in Limpopo, Mpumalanga and the north-east of KwaZulu-Natal, and the Department of Health recommends taking preventative drugs during the peak period between September and May.

Sunburn is a much more common risk, with the African sun being far fiercer than most people realise. Tourists are also vulnerable to theft or mugging and the usual precautions apply – keep jewellery, cameras, handbags and other valuables out of sight, do not carry large sums of money, and avoid walking at night or along isolated beaches and streets. Motorists should park in well-lit areas, be alert when waiting for traffic lights to change, and if a hijacking does occur, keep your hands where the attackers can see them and do not try to resist.

Currency Information:

Rand (ZAR; symbol R) = 100 cents. Notes are in denominations of R200, 100, 50, 20 and 10. Coins are in denominations of R5, 2 and 1, and 50, 20, 10 and 5 cents.

Credit Cards:

MasterCard and Visa are preferred. American Express and Diners Club are also widely accepted. ATMs are available in all towns, cities and shopping malls and most petrol stations, and accept international cards. Almost all hotels, shops, restaurants, national parks and game reserves accept credit cards. They are now acceptable at most petrol stations too, but since that is a relatively new measure, it’s worth checking before you fill up.

ATMs:

ATMs are available in all towns, cities and shopping malls and most petrol stations, and accept international cards. Be alert when using ATMs, and do not accept help from anybody as conmen are adept at switching cards. Check your statements afterwards for a few weeks too, as cloning machines are occasionally planted in ATMs. More obviously, be aware of who is hanging around and don’t withdraw money if your instinct tells you not to.

Travellers Cheques:

Traveller's cheques are no longer popular.

Banking Hours:

Mon-Fri 0900-1530, Sat 0830-1100.

Currency Restrictions:

The import of South African rand in cash (as securities or in gold) is unlimited, but must be declared when the amount exceeds the equivalent of R25,000 and an import permit must be presented. Export of rand is limited to the amount brought in for non-resident travellers.

The import of foreign currency must be declared when amounts exceed the equivalent of US$10,000. The export of foreign currency is limited to the amount declared upon entering South Africa.

Currency Exchange:

Money can be changed at banks, bureaux de change and some hotels. Proof of identity may be required so take your passport.

Currencies

Code	Symbol
ZAR	R

Exchange Rates

6.58

14.71

17.55

14.14

Language

The official languages are Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, Siswati, Tshivenda and Xitsonga.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

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List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2024-01-01 00:00:00	0
Human Rights Day	2024-03-21 00:00:00	0
Good Friday	2024-03-29 00:00:00	0
Family Day	2024-04-01 00:00:00	0
Freedom Day	2024-04-27 00:00:00	0
Workers' Day	2024-05-01 00:00:00	0
Youth Day	2024-06-16 00:00:00	0
National Women's Day	2024-08-09 00:00:00	0
Heritage Day	2024-09-24 00:00:00	0
Day of Reconciliation	2024-12-16 00:00:00	0
Christmas Day	2024-12-25 00:00:00	0
Day of Goodwill	2024-12-26 00:00:00	0

Note:

Holidays falling on Sunday are observed the following Monday.

Overview:

The following goods may be imported into South Africa by passengers without incurring customs duty:

• 200 cigarettes and 20 cigars and 250g of tobacco (18 years and over).
• 1L of spirits or liqueurs and 2L of wine (18 years and over).
• 50ml of perfume and 250ml of eau de toilette.
• Other goods up to a value of R5,000 (R25,000 if arriving from Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia or Swaziland); this allowance is valid once per person in a 30-day period and only if you have been out of the country for at least 48 hours.

Please note: The online Traveller Declaration can already be used at some seaports, land ports and at the following airports King Shaka International Airport (KSIA), Cape Town International Airport (CTIA) and OR Tambo International Airport (ORTIA).

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Banned Imports:

Prohibited goods include narcotics, fully automatic, military and unnumbered weapons, explosives and fireworks, poison and toxic substances, cigarettes with a mass of more than 2kg per 1,000, counterfeit goods, unlawful reproductions of any works subject to copyright, and prison-made goods.

 

Telephone:

To call home, the cheapest way is to use Skype or an international calling card like the WorldCall card from the national operator, Telkom. That lets you call any destination from a Telkom line, including those in hotels, at standard Telkom rates. Area codes are used even for local calls.

Mobile Telephone:

Roaming agreements exist with international mobile phone companies. Coverage extends to most of the country except the very remote areas. GPRS for data coverage is also widespread. Airport kiosks can sell you a phone or local SIM card if you show some ID.

Internet:

Internet cafes are common in towns throughout the country and wireless is available at airports and in upmarket hotels. Most hotels charge for connectivity and it's far cheaper to find the nearest internet café.

Post

Airmail takes a minimum of two days to Europe, three days to USA and four days to Australia.

Post Office Hours:

Generally Mon-Fri 0830-1530; Sat 0800-1100; longer in airports and shopping malls. The smaller post offices close for lunch 1300-1400.

Media:

South Africa's many broadcasters and publications reflect the diversity of the population. Freedom of the press is constitutionally protected and many newspapers have begun to flex their muscles with stronger and more critical political analysis. That includes fighting to retain their freedom, as a new bill that threatens to curb that right has been tabled. The main English language newspapers are The Daily Sun, The Star, Sowetan, The Citizen and weekly Mail & Guardian. International papers are widely available in hotels and airports, and a select few in newsagents and bookshops. One of the most well-respected and analytical news websites is The Daily Maverick (www.thedailymaverick.co.za).

The state-run SABC and commercial E.tv networks broadcast nationally, and many viewers subscribe to pay-TV operated by Multichoice. The proliferation of commercial and community radio stations includes Highveld, Jacaranda, 702 Talk Radio and Classic FM.

Unwind in the old Transkei

In the Eastern Cape, the peaceful rural idyll and rustic Xhosa villages of the old Transkei still seem to belong to a different time, and belie a turbulent history from which emerged many of South Africa's most iconic freedom fighters, including Nelson Mandela. Head south to the aptly named Wild Coast and you'll find some of South Africa's best-kept coastal secrets.

Unearth the history of the Anglo-Boer War

At the very end of the 19th century, bloody skirmishes between the Afrikaners, British and Zulus raged across the tranquil rolling hills of KwaZulu-Natal, as evinced today by various gravesites and monuments. Knowledgeable guides lead you around the former battlefields, telling tales that send shivers down your spine.

Stand on the tip of Africa at Cape Point

If you've come this far, you have to go all the way. As the land runs out, you'll reach sheer cliffs and a historic lighthouse towering above the sea. The surrounding conservation area is populated with buck, baboons, zebra, ostrich and indigenous flora. Winding your way back towards town, duck off the main drag to find a number of secluded white sandy beaches.

Explore the Apartheid Museum

Johannesburg's excellently curated and profoundly moving Apartheid Museum recounts the still-recent history of racially segregated South Africa. Your entrance ticket comes in 'white' and 'non-white' versions, determining which entrance you're allowed to use. A particularly poignant and painful chapter of South Africa's history is revealed through photographs, artefacts, newspaper clippings and film footage.

Swim with penguins at Boulders Beach

A large colony of entertaining African penguins live on a protected part of Boulders Beach in Simonstown, near Cape Town. A modest entrance fee lets you approach the penguins via various walkways and gives you access to the idyllic beach itself, where you can swim with the penguins between the great granite boulders from which the beach takes its name.

Take a turn around Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens

This immaculate landscaped garden at the foot of Table Mountain was created in 1913 and showcases a wide array of indigenous plants and flowers, particularly those unique to the Cape. There are also a number of manicured lawns perfect for a picnic or the Sunday evening open-air concerts that run throughout the summer.

Frolic among the spring flowers in Namaqualand

The usually bare and arid region of Namaqualand suddenly explodes into colour after the onset of the annual rains between mid-August and mid-September, when wild flowers blanket the landscape like a beautiful mosaic. The West Coast National Park is one of the best places to see the phenomenon, while a number of charming provincial towns provide lodging in the area.

Climb Table Mountain

Cape Town's famous flat-topped mountain is one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature. It provides a magnificent backdrop when you're exploring Cape Town at street level, whilst from the top the expansive views are truly breath-taking at sunset. Hiking up is a popular option for the fit. The lazier way is to take the cable car to the top.

Taste the Cape Winelands

More than a dozen wine routes and a bevy of wine estates tempt you with delectable tastings and equally excellent cuisine. The views are unfailingly splendid, with whitewashed Cape-Dutch mansions sitting prettily amongst rolling hills and rugged mountains. The wine price tags are equally easy on the eyes. Organised trips from Cape Town let you avoid drunk driving.

See the Big 5 on a game drive

The Big 5 (lion, leopard, elephant, rhino and buffalo) is South Africa's greatest attraction, not to mention its favourite tourism marketing moniker. All can be elusive beasts, but chances of sighting these heavyweights and various other crowd favourites are as good as anywhere in safari stalwarts like Kruger National Park, or the exceptionally accessible Pilanesberg National Park.

Play a round of golf

Got golf clubs and some money to burn? South Africa is brilliant for golfing, and the swanky Fancourt Estate on the south coast has three courses designed by Gary Player, South Africa's most famous golfer, including The Links, described as his greatest design feat. There are hundreds of golf resorts and courses across the country, many in scenic coastal locations.

 

Hike the Drakensburg mountain trails

For outdoor enthusiasts, South Africa has excellent hiking, with trails in the dramatic Drakensberg mountain range among the very best. Pass through ancient yellowwood forests and see even older Bushman rock art along the way, whilst presided over by some rare birdlife; camp in caves if you're hard enough, then abseil your way back down.

See what lies beneath at Sodwana Bay

The picturesque coastline and warm waters of KwaZulu-Natal offer superb conditions for underwater exploration. Sodwana Bay near Durban is a particularly popular base for reef dives among turtles and tropical fish, while Aliwal Shoal and Protea Banks further south are favourites for sharks and wrecks. Courses are available for the newbies.

Get the adrenaline going on a shark cage dive

Adrenalin junkies can get up close and personal with the ocean's apex predator. Seal Island in the Western Cape is a favourite hunting ground for great white sharks, with a veritable buffet of penguins, seals and game fish to feast on. From the (relative) safety of a metal cage, you can observe these formidable fish in their natural habitat.

Surf South Africa’s famous waves

Surfers are spoilt for choice on both the Indian and Atlantic coastlines of South Africa. The surf mecca of Jeffrey's Bay has long drawn the sport's disciples from all over the world, thanks to what many consider the world's best right hand point break. On the outskirts of Cape Town, Muizenberg's Surfer's Corner is another favourite for beginners and pros alike.

Experience the ‘real’ South Africa on a township tour

Thanks to a history of racial segregation, the majority of South Africans continue to live in so-called townships. But places like Soweto in Johannesburg and Khayelithsa in Cape Town are much more than living apartheid museums – they are also central breeding grounds for South Africa's vibrant contemporary culture. There are a number of tours that will give insight into both aspects.

Spot whales in Hermanus

One of the world's greatest whale watching spots is Hermanus, which hosts an annual Whale Festival and is an easy couple of hours jaunt down the coast from Cape Town. Southern Right Whales migrate along the coast from around June until September and at Hermanus they come so close to shore you can see them breaching from your hotel window.

Walk in Mandela’s footsteps on Robben Island

A short but often rough ferry trip from Cape Town's V&A Waterfront takes you to Robben Island, where Nelson Mandela and other iconic anti-apartheid activists were jailed for many years. It's a strangely bleak and melancholic place, where tours are still conducted by former political prisoners for an accurate personal account of a life in chains.

Drive the Garden Route

The popular Garden Route is a casual road tripper's dream, winding along the sunny, scenic and perennially verdant southeast coast between Mossel Bay and the mouth of Storms River. Along the way, pass languid lakes and lagoons, dense indigenous forests and pretty towns including Wilderness, Knysna, Oudtshoorn and Plettenberg Bay.

Overview

South Africans love shopping, and tend to do it in huge shopping centres rather than in shopping streets. The Gateway Mall in Durban is reputedly the largest in the southern hemisphere. However, areas where shops and restaurants spill out onto the streets are becoming increasingly popular as both daytime and evening venues.

Johannesburg has three popular weekend markets that have sprung up as part of the city centre’s rejuvenation plans: 44 Stanley, Arts on Main and the Neighbourgoods Market. Cape Town’s V&A centre at the Waterfront is a tourist-friendly combination of shopping and entertainment with bars, music, restaurants and cinemas, as well a large arts and craft shed. Traditional African arts and crafts are sold in numerous craft markets including Johannesburg's Rosebank Mall craft market. The intricate beadwork necklaces and bold wooden carvings including large masks are particularly attractive, and six foot tall giraffes are often being wrapped for safe transit home in the cargo hold.

Impromptu craft stalls often appear at the side of the road, particularly on popular tourist routes, and some have become permanent attractions in their own right, such as the one between Johannesburg and Sun City. Haggling is perfectly acceptable and often expected in the craft markets.

Gold, diamonds and local wine also make excellent buys. In general, visitors will find the exchange rate favourable and prices much easier on the pocket than in many other countries.

Visitors can claim a 14% VAT refund on purchases worth more than R250. You need to show your passport, flight ticket, the items and invoices to the refund desk in airports.

Opening Hours

Many shops stay open until at least 1800, and large shopping malls and tourist spots generally stay open even later. Sunday shopping is very common too.

Overview

The braai, South Africa’s equivalent of the barbecue, is practically a national sport, a religion even. Almost all campsites, self-catering resorts and picnic spots have built in braai facilities, as does every self-respecting garden.

The long and bountiful South African coastline guarantees a seemingly endless supply of the freshest fish and seafood. The agreeable coastal climate further contributes to the distinctly Mediterranean feel of many of South Africa’s beachfront restaurants.

Just inland in the Cape Winelands, the local wine industry is thriving and generally of a very high standard, while many of South Africa’s best restaurants are also found on its wine estates.

The country's cosmopolitan heritage is matched in its variety of culinary offerings, with fruity and sweet Cape Malay cuisine a speciality of Cape Town, and a strong Indian influence stirred into Durban's cracking curries.

Regional Specialities

Tipping

A tip of 10 to 15% is expected.

Drinking Age

18.

Hotels

The top-end hotels in South Africa are world class with excellent restaurants, well-equipped fitness rooms, spas and swimming pools. Stylish boutique hotels have become very prevalent in the last two years, and almost every town increased the quality and quantity of its accommodation options in the run up to the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

Grading: The Tourism Grading Council of South Africa runs a voluntary accommodation grading system. Establishments that join the scheme are awarded 1 to 5 stars. The type of accommodation is taken into account, so there are 5-star bed and breakfasts, and caravan parks, as well as 5-star hotels.

Camping Caravaning

Almost every town has a municipal caravan and camping site (camping is not allowed outside of them) and they are found along all the tourist routes in South Africa. The standard is usually high with clean ablution and sometimes kitchen blocks and secure fencing. Many have additional simple self-catering chalets to rent, and a swimming pool. The national parks have campsites too, often with ready-erected permanent tents on wooden platforms. A number of car hire companies can arrange camper van hire, with a range of fully equipped vehicles.

Other

History

In 1487, Bartolomeo Dias of Portugal became the first European to lay eyes on South Africa. A little over a century later, the Dutch East India Company set up a refreshment station at the Cape for ships and slaves toing and froing from Asia. The increasingly insatiable imperial appetite of the British meant they were never going to be far behind.

As European influence and ambition gradually expanded into the hinterland, the indigenous population and various other African ethnic groups, who had migrated south over preceding centuries, were increasingly subjugated and outgunned.

The white settlers’ bullying and bloodletting of black South Africans was formally institutionalised by the apartheid system of the National Party, which came to power in 1948 and whose reign was to be characterized by their forced removals of ‘non-whites’ from most urban areas and their increasingly violent suppression of anti-apartheid activists.

The brutal suppression of black activism, which was carried out with callous efficiency, saw sanctions imposed by countries around the world. International isolation and increasingly violent civil unrest eventually broke the apartheid system, which officially began to dismantle in 1990 after negotiations between President FW De Klerk and the African National Congress (ANC) leader Nelson Mandela, in jail at the time on Robben Island.

In 1994, South Africa’s first fully democratic elections swept the ANC to power and the iconic Mandela, finally a free man after serving 27 years behind bars, became the first president of the new South Africa, unswerving in his philosophy of forgiveness and reconciliation.

But since Mandela’s retirement, South Africa’s young democracy has continued to be hampered by the legacy of apartheid, as is apparent in the stark socioeconomic and even geographical disparity between white South Africans and a small black elite on the one hand, and the vast majority of black South Africans on the other.

Mandela’s successors have failed to fill his shoes, with the aloof Thabo Mbeki doing little to combat the twin ravages of violent crime and an AIDS pandemic, and current ANC leader Jacob Zuma and his cabinet better known for corruption, factionalism and philandering than effective governance.

Did you know?
• South Africa is the only country that boasts two Nobel Prize winners who lived on the same street. Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu both had houses on Soweto’s Vilakazi Street.
• There are more than 2,000 shipwrecks along South Africa’s coastlines, many of which date back at least 500 years.
• In 2010, South Africa was the first African country to host the FIFA World Cup.
• South Africa still has seven recognized royal families. 20 million South Africans fall within the various royal kingdoms.

Religion

Around two thirds of South Africans are Christian of some form including Catholics, Anglicans, Dutch Reformed or African independent churches. Many Africans believe in traditional healers called sangomas, who give readings – including throwing the bones – and provide spiritual and emotional counselling and dispense African traditional medicines or muti. There are also significant Hindu, Muslim and Jewish communities. Johannesburg has areas that the descendants of former immigrants have made their own, including Fordsburg for the Indian community and Chinatown in Cyrildene.

Social Conventions

South Africa’s biggest cities are very westernised and hold few cultural surprises for Europeans. Handshaking is the usual form of greeting, sometimes in a more elaborate African handshake that foreigners will pick up readily. Casual wear is widely acceptable, especially in less formal Cape Town. Smoking is prohibited in public buildings and on public transport.

The presence of so many diverse ethnic backgrounds certainly adds some spice outside of the main business centres. Rural areas most likely to be visited by travellers include Zulu land in KwaZulu Natal where communities are based in small traditional villages with round huts (rondevals) and a few hustling, bustling relatively poor towns.

In Durban you’ll be entertained by beach-front Zulu dancers wearing full animal skin tribal regalia. A more modern form of culture is the now commercialised Gum Boot dance, performed in wellingtons and mining outfits and developed in men’s only mining hostels when entertainment was scarce.

Best Time To Visit:

Being in the southern hemisphere, South Africa’s seasons are the opposite of European seasons. The climate is seasonal, but the country enjoys at least seven months of sunshine, with temperatures dropping in the winter months of May to August. April and May are the most temperate months. Temperatures above 32°C (90°F) are fairly common in summer, and frequently exceed 38°C (100°F) in the lower Orange River Valley and the Mpumalanga Lowveld. The barren Northern Cape has some of the most extreme temperatures, sometimes cracking 40°C (104°F) in summer and plummeting to below freezing in winter.

It's pleasantly warm and sunny in spring and autumn, and delightfully hot in summer (November-March) with frequent heavy tropical rains and sudden spring and summer hailstorms to cool things down. The thunder and lightning storms over Africa's big skies can be quite spectacular, but are best enjoyed through a window, not out in the open. These tropical storms can be vicious too, often causing flooding and turning urban streets into temporary streams, making driving hazardous. Wait an hour and it will all be over.

Even in winters South Africa’s chill is nothing compared with European standards, with mild frost occasional, and snow a rarity. The rainiest months in Cape Town are May to August, although the weather in Cape Town is generally difficult to predict and can deliver all four seasons in one day.

Christmas can be just too hot for game viewing in the safari parks, and it's also peak season for South African holidaymakers. Cape Town is a magnet for Jo'burgers at Christmas, so best avoided - visit in spring and autumn, when the weather is good and the crowds are smaller. Of the main cities, Durban is the hottest and can get remarkably hot and sticky in the summer. But it’s perfect in winter, where you can still wear shorts in temperatures that the locals consider a bit nippy.

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Required Clothing

For summer in Africa you’ll need to keep cool, so pack lightweight clothes. In winter you’ll be surprised at how cold it can be in some areas, so bring a jumper or sweatshirt. You will never need a heavy coat or jacket, but a light raincoat can be useful, especially in Cape Town. For a safari bring long sleeves and long trousers, if only to protect against mosquitoes and thorn bushes. The game drives will either start out chilly with an 0600 start and end under the blazing sun, or vice versa, with a hot late afternoon start and a return after sunset, so take a wrap or pullover of some sort.

Dialing Code:

+27

Area(sq km):

1219090

Population:

59.308.690

Population Density(per sq km):

46

Population Year:

2020

EU Member:

No

Main emergency number

10111