Italy Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Rome.

Geography:

Italy is a boot-shaped country situated in southern Europe. Jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea, it shares borders with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia in the mountainous north, which contains some of the highest peaks in Europe.

In central Italy, Tuscany has a diverse landscape composed of fertile rolling hills, lush river valleys, minor mountain ranges and a long sandy coastline. To the east is Umbria, known as the ‘green heart of Italy' - hilly with broad plains, olive groves and pines, and Le Marche – a region of gentle mountains, rivers and small fertile plains.

Further south lies Rome, Italy's capital city. Within its precincts lies Vatican City, the world's smallest country (by landmass). The south of the country is hotter, wilder and much drier than the north, characterised by dry sierras, rocky mountain ranges and volcanic outcrops, including three of Europe’s most active volcanoes: Vesuvius, Etna and Stromboli.

Puglia, the ‘heel of the boot', is a mixed landscape of fertile plateaus, expansive olive groves and flat, ochre-coloured plains. The islands of Sicily and Sardinia lie offshore to the southwest and west respectively.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

The national carrier is Alitalia (www.alitalia.com). Other airlines flying to Italy from the UK include British Airways (www.ba.com), easyJet (www.easyjet.com) and Ryanair (www.ryanair.com). Seasonal carriers flying to Italy from the UK include Jet2.com, Monarch Airlines and Thomson Airways. American Airlines (www.aa.com) flies from the US to Italy.

Major airports are: Bologna Gugielmo Marconi Airport, Florence Airport, Milan Linate Airport, Milan Malpensa Airport, Naples International Airport, Palermo Falcone Borsellino Airport, Rome Ciampino Airport, Rome Leonardo da Vinci Fiumicino Airport, Turin Caselle Airport, Venice Marco Polo Airport, Verona Villafranca Airport, Bari Karol Wojtyla Airport, Cagliari Elmas Airport, Marche Airport (Ancona Falconara Airport), Olbia Costa Ameralda Airport, Trieste Friuli Venezia Giulia Airport, Cantania Fontanarossa Airport, Genova Cristoforo Colombo Airport and Pisa International Airport Galileo Galilel.

Departure Tax

None.

Flight Times

To Rome: from London - 2 hours 30 minutes; New York - 8 hours 25 minutes.

Getting There By Water

Main ports: Ancona (www.porto.ancona.it), Brindisi (www.porto.br.it), Cagliari (www.porto.cagliari.it), Civitavecchia (www.civitavecchiaport.org), Genoa, Livorno (www.porto.livorno.it), Naples (porto.napoli.it), Palermo (www.portpalermo.it) and Venice (www.port.venice.it).

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

Alitalia (www.alitalia.com), Air Italy (www.airitaly.com), Ryanair (www.ryanair.com) and Easyjet (www.easyjet.com) run domestic flights in Italy.

Air Travel Note

Italy has many regional airports offering good coverage of the whole peninsula. While flying may be the best option when travelling the length and breadth of the country, shorter routes are better served by the high-speed train network.

Bike

Both city and mountain bikes are available to hire in most Italian towns. Mobike (mobike.com) and Ofo (www.ofo.com) operate dockless bike share systems in Florence and Milan. BikeMi (www.bikemi.com) bikes are also available in Milan. Turin is home to the TObike (www.tobike.it) public bikeshare scheme.

To take bikes on board a train, you need to purchase a separate bicycle ticket.

Breakdown Services

Automobile Club d'Italia (ACI) (tel: +39 803 116, for foreign mobile networks: 800 116 800; www.aci.it)

Car Hire

Car hire is available in most cities, airports and resorts. All major international car hire companies are represented and there are various Italian firms to choose from such as Locauto (www.locautorent.com). Drivers must be at least 18 years old.

Coach

Italy has an extensive bus network, with a plethora of regional operators offering regional and interregional services. Prices are reasonable and often cheaper than their train alternatives although local routes can be slow. Advance booking is generally not required, except on the most popular inter-city routes. You can buy tickets at the bus terminus, through agencies or in bars (tabacchi).

Documentation

All EU member states’ driving licences are recognised in Italy. In practice, many car hire agencies also accept many non-EU licences such as those from Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the USA. Drivers from other countries need an International Driving Permit. Visitors driving foreign vehicles must carry their log-book, which must be in their name as owner or have the owner's written permission to drive the vehicle. A driving licence or a motorcycle driving licence is required for motorcycles over 49cc.

Getting Around By Rail

Trenitalia (tel: +39 06 6847 5475; www.trenitalia.com) runs a nationwide network with reasonably priced fares calculated by distance travelled, and there are a number of excellent reductions. Main routes include Turin-Milan-Venice; Milan-Bologna-Bari; Rome-Genoa-Turin; and Rome-Naples-Palermo.

Regulations

The minimum driving age is 18. Speed limits are 50kph (31mph) in urban areas, 90kph (55mph) on ordinary roads, 110kph (68mph) on dual carriageways and 130kph (80mph) on motorways. Dipped headlights are compulsory outside built-up areas during the day. All vehicles must carry a red warning triangle.

Note: Fines for driving offences are on-the-spot and particularly heavy.

Getting Around By Road

Italy has an extensive network of privatised motorways operated by Autostrade per l'Italia (www.autostrade.it). The main north-south route is the Autostrada del Sole, which extends from Milan to Naples as the A1, and from Naples to Reggio di Calabria as the A3. In the north, the main west-east route, stretching from the Slovenian border via Venice, Verona, Brescia and Milan to Turin is the A4. 

Toll in Italy is charged at varying distances, scales, rates and modes. There are standardised signs at the toll gates on the motorway network indicating how payments are accepted. Toll is charged from tourists either in cash, with the prepaid Viacard, a rechargeable Telepass, or with credit or bankcards. On the motorways A36, A59 and A60 tolls are paid in the free-flow system for which prior registration at Autostrada Pedemontana Lombarda (apl.pedemontana.com) is necessary. Long-term visitors might opt to rent a Telepass transponder (www.telepass.com) for one year, for which an Italian bank account is needed. Road signs are international. More information on the Italian motorway network and toll charges is available from Autostrade per l'Italia.

Road Quality

Italian motorways are in good condition but secondary roads are of varying quality and drivers should note that the quality of infrastructure is not the same throughout the country.

Side Of Road

r

Taxi

There are many available taxi companies in every major Italian city, each with varying rates per km. Official city taxis vary depending on the city so it is advisable to research beforehand. itTaxi (www.ittaxi.it/app) is a free mobile app launched by the Italian taxi union and connects official taxis and customers throughout Italy.

Urban Travel

Travellers should be aware that tickets for public transport need to be validated in a ticket machine before the journey. Machines are located in entrances to platforms in railway and metro stations and on-board buses and trams. Failure to do so could lead to an on-the-spot fine.

All the big towns and cities (Genoa, Milan, Naples, Rome, Turin and Venice) have good public transport networks. The Rome system is run by the City Transport Authority (ATAC) and MetRo. The Milanese system is run by the Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM).

Underground: Rome has a three-line metro system, while Milan has a four-line network. You can buy tickets from station vending machines or tobacconists. Day passes are also available.

Bus: Services operate in all main cities and towns. In Rome, the network is extensive and complements the underground and tram systems. In larger cities, fares are generally pre-purchased from machines or tobacconists. Bus tickets can be bought in packets of five and are fed into a stamping machine on boarding.

Tram: There is an extensive network in Rome; Milan, Messina and Turin also have tram services.

Getting Around By Water

Main ports: Ancona (www.porto.ancona.it), Brindisi (www.porto.br.it), Cagliari (www.porto.cagliari.it), Civitavecchia (www.civitavecchiaport.org), Genoa, Livorno (www.porto.livorno.it), Naples (porto.napoli.it), Palermo (www.portpalermo.it) and Venice (www.port.venice.it).

Ferries: A number of car and passenger ferries operate throughout the year linking Italian ports. Regular boat and hydrofoil services run to the islands of Capri, Sardinia, Sicily and the Aeolian Islands. There are also some links along the coast.

Operators include Tirrenia (tel: +39 02 76028132; www.tirrenia.it) and SNAV (tel: +39 081 428 5555; www.snav.it). Ferries also operate on the main lakes of Garda, Maggiore, Como and Iseo and are run by Navigazione Laghi (tel: 800 551 801 in Italy only; www.navigazionelaghi.it).

Travel Advice

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about the risks of travel, to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice. 

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of the current rules for the most common types of travel. 

The authorities in Italy set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Italian Embassy in the UK.

Passport validity requirements

Italy follows Schengen area rules. Your passport must:

• have a 'date of issue' less than 10 years before the date you arrive – if you renewed your passport before 1 October 2018, it may have a date of issue that is more than 10 years ago
• have an 'expiry date' at least 3 months after the day you plan to leave the Schengen area

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

Lost or stolen passports

If your passport is lost or stolen, you must renew your passport or apply for an emergency travel document. You cannot use a police report to leave Italy.

Visa requirements

You can travel without a visa to the Schengen area, which includes Italy, for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. This applies if you travel:

• as a tourist
• to visit family or friends
• to attend business meetings, cultural or sports events
• for short-term studies or training

The requirements for working in Italy are different. 

If you're travelling to other Schengen countries as well, make sure your whole visit is within the 90-day visa-free limit. Visits to Schengen countries within the previous 180 days before you travel count towards your 90 days. If you overstay the 90-day visa-free limit, you may be banned from entering Schengen countries for up to 3 years.

If you cannot return to the UK before your visa-free limit expires, contact the nearest local immigration office ('questura') (in Italian).

If you're a visitor, border guards will look at your entry and exit stamps to check you have not overstayed the 90-day visa-free limit for the Schengen area. 

If your passport is missing a stamp, show evidence of when and where you entered or left the Schengen area (for example, boarding passes or tickets) and ask the border guards to add the date and location in your passport. 

At Italian border control, you may need to:

• show proof of your accommodation, for example, a hotel booking confirmation or proof of address for your own property 
• show proof of your travel insurance
• show a return or onward ticket 
• prove that you have enough money for your stay – the amount varies depending on your accommodation

Staying longer than 90 days in a 180-day period 

To stay longer, you must meet the Italian government's entry requirements. Check which type of visa or work permit you need with the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. You'll need to apply and then book an appointment.

If you're in Italy with a residence permit or long-stay visa, this does not count towards your 90-day visa-free limit.

Read about passport stamping if you live in Italy.

Italy-Slovenia land border

There are temporary border checks at Italy's border with Slovenia. Allow extra time for crossing the land border. Be ready to show your passport or residency card if you are asked by the border police.

Registering with the authorities

You must declare your presence ('dichiarazione di presenza') to the local immigration authority ('questura') within 8 days of arriving if you've come from another Schengen-area country and are not staying in a hotel or bed and breakfast. The 'questura' will give you a form to complete.

You can get more information from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or Italian police force.

Travelling with people aged 17 and under

If you're aged 17 or under, you cannot check into hotels or holiday accommodation without an accompanying adult.

British people aged 17 and under travelling without their parents or guardians do not need any authorisation stamped by the Embassy, even if they are resident in Italy. Only Italian children travelling without parents or guardians need such a document stamped by the local police.

See further advice on travelling abroad with people aged 17 and under, or travelling to the UK with people aged 17 and under.

Vaccine requirements

For details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Italy guide.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into and out of Italy. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

Taking food into Italy

You cannot take meat, milk or products containing them into EU countries. There are some exceptions such as powdered baby milk, baby food and special food or pet feed required for medical reasons.

Taking money into Italy 

Declare cash or travellers cheques if the value is 10,000 euros or more. You will get a certified declaration to show you brought it in with you. If you do not, your money could be seized when you leave.

Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Italy

Terrorist attacks in Italy cannot be ruled out.

Events in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories

Italian authorities have increased security around some Jewish community sites due to events in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Stay aware of your surroundings, stay away from demonstrations and follow the advice of local authorities. 

Political demonstrations

Demonstrations can happen with little or no warning in cities. Avoid any protests, political gatherings or marches. 

Jubilee 2025 - Holy Year

Rome expects a high number of visitors throughout the Holy Year of 2025, particularly during large events.

Jubilee Events

Check the official Jubilee website or download the Jubilee app for a calendar of events and to stay informed of anything that might affect your travel or plans whilst in Rome.

Pilgrim's card

If you are planning to take part in the Jubilee, get a free digital Pilgrim's card. You will need this to take part in the main Jubilee events and to organise a pilgrimage to the Holy Doors of the 4 Papal Basilicas of Rome: St Peter's in the Vatican, St John Lateran, St Mary Major and St Paul Outside the Walls.

Transport around the city

Transport routes around the city will be very busy. Local authorities may ask you to enter or leave by specific routes. Make sure you:

• plan your journey
• leave plenty of time, particularly during large events

For information on public transport in Rome during the Jubilee, see the Rome public transport website  or use the Rome city journey planner.

Increased risk of petty crime

The higher number of travellers during the Holy Year could increase levels of petty crime.

Crime

Crime levels are generally low but there are higher levels of petty crime, particularly bag-snatching and pickpocketing, in city centres and at major tourist attractions.  

To reduce your personal risk:

• keep sight of your belongings at all times
• beware of thieves using distraction techniques
• avoid carrying all your valuables together in handbags or pockets
• leave spare cash and valuables in a safe place such as a hotel safe

Stolen Passports

Be aware that if your passport is stolen, you cannot use a police report to leave Italy. See our lost or stolen passports guidance

Public transport

Take care on public transport, in crowded areas and in city centres, including main stations – particularly in and around Termini station in Rome.   

Be particularly careful with your belongings:

• on trains to and from airports
• at cruise ship ports
• on the 'Circumvesuviana' train between Naples and Sorrento
• when unloading your baggage from trains and coaches

Theft from cars

Thefts from parked cars happen in Rome, particularly in the Colosseum area, Ostia, Milan and Pisa. Thieves also target coastal areas and towns, and motorway service stations. Avoid leaving luggage in your vehicle – even out of sight in the boot – for any length of time.   

Thieves may use a variety of methods to distract you or encourage you to stop your car, including asking for help or directions or pointing out a fictional fault with your car. 

Drink spiking and alcohol

Do not take drinks from strangers or leave your drinks unattended. Victims of spiked drinks have been robbed and sometimes assaulted. Alcohol and drugs can reduce your vigilance, making you less in control. If you drink, know your limit. Drinks served in bars in Italy are often stronger than those in the UK.

Laws and cultural differences

Personal ID

You must always be able to show some form of ID. In most cases a copy of the photo page of your passport should be enough, but you may also be asked for a second form of photo ID. The police will normally ask for your full passport if you are stopped while driving.

Public transport regulations

You must validate your tickets on public transport before you start your journey. Officials patrol public transport and will issue an on-the-spot fine of 100 to 500 euros (reduced to 50 euros if paid immediately) if you do not have a validated ticket.

Tourist tax

Many major cities in Italy impose a small tax on tourists. You must usually pay this tax at your hotel as it is unlikely to be included in your holiday booking. The rate of tax varies from city to city and can depend on the star rating of the hotel. Hotels often ask for payment in cash. Make sure you get a receipt. For more information, check with the local tourist information office.

Venice access fee

If you are visiting Venice, you may need to pay an access fee. See when access fees apply, exemptions and how to make a payment.

Public offences

Some Italian towns and cities have specific laws, and you could be fined for breaking them. For example, there may be laws against:

• dropping litter
• sitting on monument steps
• eating and drinking next to main churches, historic monuments and public buildings
• defacing historic monuments

It's also an offence to enter or bathe in public fountains in many towns and cities, including Florence and Rome. You could face a fine of up to 10,000 euros for urinating in a public place.

On the island of Capri, you must not use or bring on to the island any disposable plastic objects such as bags, cutlery, plates, cups, food packaging, trays and straws. If you do, you could be fined up to 500 euros.

Illegal traders operate on the streets of all major Italian cities. It is illegal to buy items from unlicensed street traders. If you do, you could be stopped by the local police and fined.

It's illegal to remove sand, shells or pebbles from coastal areas in Italy. You could face a large fine for doing so. It's also illegal to collect various species of flowers, plants and herbs from mountain and wooded areas. For more information, check with the regional authorities of the area you're visiting.

Winter sports

Get advice on weather and avalanche conditions before you travel and familiarise yourself with local skiing laws and regulations.

You can contact the Italian State Tourist Board for advice on safety and weather conditions before you travel.

Regulations for the ski season include:

• third-party liability insurance is a legal requirement and can be purchased locally with a ski pass
• you must wear a helmet if you are under 18
• you must not eat or drink on ski lifts or boarding areas
• you must not climb a slope with snowshoes except in an emergency
• you must not ski under the influence of alcohol or drugs

Off-piste skiing is very dangerous, with the danger of avalanches in some areas. Follow all safety instructions and go with a qualified guide. For more information about the avalanche risk, visit the European Avalanche Warning Service website.

Make sure your insurance covers off-piste activity. It is a legal requirement for skiers and snowboarders to carry tracking equipment, a snow probe and a shovel if they go off-piste.

See advice on preparing for winter sports.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

Hiking, mountaineering and other adventure sports have specific risks.

Check the company is well-established in the industry and make sure your insurance covers these activities.

For sports activities like skiing, potholing and mountaineering, and for sports classed as particularly dangerous, such as off-piste skiing, mountain biking, climbing, paragliding or BASE jumping, your insurance should include:

• mountain rescue services
• helicopter costs
• repatriation to your country of residence or transfer to neighbouring countries for treatment

Check weather forecasts and conditions and make sure you're properly equipped for the worst-case scenario with items such as a map, compass, GPS and telecommunication equipment.

Risks are greater if you undertake any activity alone. You may want to hire a guide for expert advice. Always leave copies of your itinerary with someone.

If you are planning on hiking in the Trentino region, read what to do if  you see a brown bear.

Transport risks

Road travel

If you are planning to drive in Italy, see information on driving abroad and check the rules of the road in the RAC's Italy guide. The guide lists driving regulations and other legal requirements you need to be aware of.

The Italian Police guide on driving in Italy gives further safety advice.

You can use a UK photocard driving licence to drive in Italy. If you still have a paper driving licence, you may need to update it to a photocard licence or get the correct version of the international driving permit (IDP) as well.

Hire car companies often have stricter requirements for their customers, such as a year of driving experience, a higher minimum age and holding an IDP. 

Check if you need a UK sticker to drive your car outside the UK.

If you're living in Italy, or planning to live there, see the driving requirements for residents.

Taxis

Only use officially licensed taxis, which have a taxi sign on the roof and a company name and number written on the side. Call a taxi, order one from an app or pick one up from an official rank.         

Transport strikes

Transport strikes are often called at short notice. You can find information on the Ministry of Transport website (in Italian).

Pedestrian safety

Traffic can be busy, fast and chaotic, especially in the larger cities. Take care when crossing roads. Pedestrians should cross roads at a crossing. You can be fined for crossing the road if you are within 100 metres of a pedestrian crossing but do not use it. Drivers do not always stop, even though they are required to. The green pedestrian crossing signal also allows cars to turn right on to the crossing, so cross with caution.

Traffic restrictions

You need a pass to drive into the historic centre of many Italian cities in a private or hire car. You can buy a pass from most car hire companies. The boundaries are usually marked with the letters ZTL in black on a yellow background. If you pass this sign, your registration number is likely to be caught on camera and you will be fined if you do not have a pass.

There is a congestion charge for Milan city centre.

In Rome, city authorities sometimes restrict traffic to reduce pollution. This means certain vehicles are not allowed on the roads in the green band ('fascia verde') area, which covers most of Rome. The Rome Municipality has more information.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards. For severe weather warnings, visit the European Meteorological Services website.

Wildfires

Wildfires are a risk during the extended summer months. They are highly dangerous and unpredictable. Check the latest alerts and weather forecast and follow advice of local authorities if you're considering travelling to affected areas. Take care when visiting or driving through woodland areas and report fires to the emergency services.

For information on what to do in the event of a wildfire, visit the Civil Protection Department.

Flooding

Heavy rainfall is common throughout Italy in winter, which can cause local flooding. Monitor local media, weather reports and follow the advice of local authorities in affected areas.

High waters are a common occurrence in Venice and can cause flooding in parts of the city.

Earthquakes

Many parts of Italy lie on a major seismic fault line, which means that minor tremors and earthquakes happen regularly. Learn more about what to do before, during, and after an earthquake.

Volcanoes

Due to volcanic activity, local authorities have increased the alert levels for both Etna and Stromboli in the south of Italy. In the event of a volcanic eruption, follow the advice of local authorities. 

Airspace can be affected during eruptions. If you are travelling to or from Catania, during this period of heightened activity, check with your travel provider or with Catania airport.

There are several active volcanoes in southern Italy. National emergency planning has been updated for Vesuvius as well as the Phlegraean fields, an area that remains active and which has experienced tremors in 2024.

Read what to do in the event of a volcanic eruption and follow the instructions of the local authorities.

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Dial 118 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Italy
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Italy, including:

• dengue
• biting insects and ticks

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Italy, including the Alps and the Dolomites. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro.

Healthcare in Italy

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Italy where some staff will speak English.

Health insurance cards

To get medically necessary state healthcare in Italy, you need a Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) or a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC).

The NHS's getting healthcare abroad has details about:

• how to apply for a GHIC
• how to get temporary cover if you lose your card or it does not arrive in time
• who qualifies for a new EHIC instead of a GHIC
• what treatment counts as medically necessary

A GHIC or EHIC is not an alternative to travel insurance. You may have costs your GHIC or EHIC does not cover, including: 

• changes to travel and accommodation bookings
• additional standard costs for treatment
• medical repatriation to the UK
• treatment that is ruled non-urgent
• private healthcare
• private clinics

See guidance on healthcare if you're living in Italy.

Medication

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

Pharmacies

You will need to go to a pharmacy to get most over-the-counter medicines. Pharmacies are widely available and are usually identified by a green cross. UK prescriptions are not accepted, though you may be able to buy an equivalent medication from the pharmacy.

Alternatively, you can visit an Italian GP to obtain a local prescription. Prescription medicines are not free in Italy, but with an EHIC or GHIC, and an Italian prescription, you will pay a reduced rate.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also guidance on TravelHealthPro.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in Italy

Ambulance: 118

Fire: 115

Police: 112

European emergency app

You can also download the 112 Where Are U app, the official European emergency number app. It is only available in some parts of Italy.

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding English-speaking lawyers, funeral directors and translators and interpreters in Italy
• dealing with a death in Italy
• being arrested in Italy
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you are affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO

Help abroad

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency.

Help in the UK

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.

Follow and contact FCDO: 

• travel advice on X
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Risk information for British companies

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating in Italy on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Yellow Fever	No
Typhoid	No
Tetanus	Yes
Rabies	No
Malaria	No
Hepatitis A	Yes
Diphtheria	Yes

Overview:

Travel insurance is advised for all visitors. In some medical cases, if you are European, you might be able to receive free treatment if you can show proof of a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) obtained in your country of origin.

The overall standards of healthcare in Italy are excellent. Hospitals and surgeries are well equipped and staff are proficient. In pharmacies, over-the-counter advice is given and standard medicines are sold.

Food Drink:

Tap water is generally safe to drink except for some rural areas. The inscription 'Acqua Non Potabile' means water is not drinkable. Milk is generally pasteurised and dairy products are safe for consumption. Local meat, poultry, seafood, fruit, vegetables and dairy products are considered safe to eat.

Other Risks:

The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends vaccinations for measles, mumps, rubella, polio, pertussis, pneumococci and hepatitis B.

Currency Information:

Euro (EUR; symbol €) = 100 cents. Notes are in denominations of €500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. Coins are in denominations of €2 and 1, and 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 cents.

Credit Cards:

MasterCard, American Express, Cirrus, Maestro and Visa are widely accepted. Some restaurants charge an extra ‘service fee’ if you pay the bill by credit or debit card – ask the establishment whether this is the case before using your card. 

ATMs:

ATMs are widely available throughout Italy. Look for the ‘Bancomat’ sign for machines with multilingual interfaces. Pickpocketing and petty thievery can be problematic in tourist areas, so take care to keep belongings secure and be vigilant when making cash withdrawals. 

Travellers Cheques:

Traveller's cheques are rarely accepted even at banks. Expect high exchange rates at banks and at exchange offices. To avoid additional exchange rate charges, travellers are advised to take traveller's cheques in Euros, Pounds Sterling or US Dollars.

Banking Hours:

These vary from city to city but, in general, Mon-Fri 0830-1330 and 1500-1600.

Currency Restrictions:

There are no restrictions on the import or export of local or foreign currency. However, amounts exceeding €10,000 or equivalent must be declared if travelling from or to a country outside the European Union.

Currency Exchange:

Foreign money can be changed at banks, railway stations and airports and very often at major hotels (albeit usually at a less advantageous exchange rate).

Currencies

Code	Symbol
EUR	€

Exchange Rates

0.71

1.00

1.19

0.96

Language

Italian is the official language. Dialects are spoken in different regions. German is spoken in the South Tyrol region (bordering Austria). French is spoken in all the border areas from the Riviera to the area north of Milan (border with France and Switzerland). English, French and German are also spoken in the biggest cities and in tourism and business circles.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here:

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List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2024-01-01 00:00:00	0
Epiphany	2024-01-06 00:00:00	0
Easter Monday	2024-04-01 00:00:00	0
Liberation Day	2024-04-25 00:00:00	0
Labour Day	2024-05-01 00:00:00	0
Republic Day	2024-06-02 00:00:00	0
Assumption	2024-08-15 00:00:00	0
All Saint's Day	2024-11-01 00:00:00	0
Immaculate Conception	2024-12-08 00:00:00	0
Christmas Day	2024-12-25 00:00:00	0
St Stephen's Day	2024-12-26 00:00:00	0

Note:

In addition, local feast days are held in honour of town patron saints, generally without closure of shops and offices. These include:

Turin/Genoa/Florence: 24 Jun (St John the Baptist).
Milan: 7 Dec (St Ambrose).
Siena: 2 Jul and 16 Aug, Palio horserace.
Venice: 25 Apr (St Mark).
Bologna: 4 Oct (St Petronius).
Naples: 19 Sep (St Gennaro).
Bari: 6 Dec (St Nichola).
Palermo: 15 Jul (St Rosalia).
Rome: 29 Jun (St Peter).
Trieste: 3 Nov (St Giusto).

Overview:

Italy is within the European Union. If you are travelling from outside of the EU, you are entitled to buy fragrance, skincare, cosmetics, Champagne, wine, selected spirits, fashion accessories, gifts and souvenirs - all at tax-free equivalent prices.

Italy's duty-free allowance for travellers from EU countries:

If you are over 17 years old, you are free to buy and take goods with you when travelling between EU countries, provided that you have paid tax on these goods and they are for your own use (not for sale). However, if you bring in more than the following, customs officials are likely to question you:

• 800 cigarettes or 400 cigarillos or 200 cigars or 1kg of tobacco.
• 90L of still wine (60L of sparkling wine).
• 110L of beer.
• 10L of alcoholic beverages stronger than 22% or 20L of fortified or sparkling wine or other liqueurs up to 22%.

Beware that each EU country has different rules for travellers under 17 years old. Please check before you travel.

Italy's duty-free allowance for travellers from non-EU countries:

If you are arriving from a non-EU country, the following goods may be imported into Italy by travellers with a minimum age of 17 years without incurring customs duty:

• 200 cigarettes or 100 cigarillos (max. 3 grams each) or 50 cigars or 250g of tobacco. You may combine any of these tobacco products provided you do not exceed the total limit.
• 4L of wine and 16L of beer and 1L of spirits over 22% volume or 2L of alcoholic beverages less than 22% volume or a proportional mix of these products provided the limit is not exceeded.
• Other goods up to the value of €430 for air and sea travellers and €300 for other travellers (reduced to €150 for children under 15).

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Banned Imports:

Meat, fish and milk and any derivative products from most non-EU countries, protected animal and plant species, unlicensed firearms and weapons, and counterfeit goods.

There is a ban on the import of the following goods from the Russian Federation into the EU: diamonds, gold, jewelry, cigarettes, cosmetics, seafood (e.g. caviar), spirits (e.g. vodka), shoes, clothing and smartwatches.

Telephone:

Telephone kiosks only accept phonecards, which can be purchased at post offices, tobacconists and some newsagents.

Mobile Telephone:

Roaming agreements exist with most international mobile phone companies. Coverage is good.

Internet:

Florence, Rome, Trento, Comiso, Venice, Milan and Bologna have instituted city-wide Wi-Fi hotspots, and the majority of hotels, airports, railway stations, B&Bs and even farmstays now offer free internet access. In most towns internet cafes also offer access at €5 to €13 per hour.

Post

The Italian postal system can be subject to delays. Letters between Italy and other European countries usually take 3 to 5 days and sometimes 1-2 weeks to arrive. Stamps are sold in post offices and tobacconists. In the Vatican City, stamps issued are valid only within its boundaries.

Post Office Hours:

Mon-Fri 0830-1730, Sat 0815-1345. Smaller offices may close at midday during the week.

Media:

Italy's newspapers are strongly regionalised, with many papers produced in Milan. The press is free but ties with politics can be strong - notably in broadcast media. Rai, the public broadcaster, has been subject to political influence and the vast Gruppo Mediaset media empire is controlled by former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi. Among the most important Italian daily newspapers are Corriere della Sera (Milan), Il Messaggero (Rome), La Repubblica (Rome), La Stampa (Turin) and Il Mattino (Naples). 

Dare to visit Europe's most active volcano

Offering skiing in the winter and hiking in summer, Mt Etna is Sicily’s most famous natural attraction. A UNESCO World Heritage Site and active volcano, it is also the highest mountain on the island currently measuring 3,350m (10,990ft) – the height varies with each eruption. According to Ancient Greek mythology, Cyclops forged Zeus’ lightning bolts deep within the sweltering centre of the volcano.

Learn about geometry at the Leaning Tower of Pisa

Constructed in 1174, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, located in Pisa's Campo dei Miracoli (Field of Miracles) is famous both for its striking beauty and awkward geometry. Today, one side is 5m (16ft) closer to the ground than the other. Galileo used the tower for experiments to prove his theory of motion when he was chair of mathematics at the town’s university.

Discover the delights of Padua

Home to Italy’s second oldest museum and a bastion of free-thinking, Padua harbours unique treasures. Almost 200 years before Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel came Giotto’s groundbreaking frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel. Copernicus and Galileo taught at the University’s Palazzo Bo and pilgrims still seek miracle cures at St Anthony’s tomb in the Basilica.

Sail around spectacular Sardinia

With its turquoise coastline, spectacular grottoes and coral-rich seas, Sardinia is a diver’s paradise. Above sea level, winds blow along the northern and southern coasts, attracting wind and kite surfers to Santa Teresa di Gallura and Chiaia, while sailors cast off beneath the granite cliffs of the Golfo di Orosei.

Be inspired by the scenic Cinque Terre

WB Yeats, Ezra Pound, Byron and Shelley all garnered inspiration from Italy’s picturesque Riviera. Hardly surprising considering the dramatic curving bay and pine-covered mountains banded with vineyards and olive groves. Get a taste of the high life in the pastel-hued villas of Portofino, Rapallo, Portovenere and Lerici.

Live a life of luxury among the Italian Lakes

Basking in a Mediterranean microclimate, the Italian Lakes have been a popular holiday spot since Roman times. The Borromean princes built their palaces on islands in the middle of Lake Maggiore, while modern-day movie stars and Russian billionaires now seek shelter in art deco villas amid Lake Como’s blooming tropical gardens.

Bring out the binoculars and go wildlife watching

In the National Park of Abruzzo, you might spot Marsican brown bears (unique to Italy), chamois and eagles. In the Molise region, the Matese mountain range is still a haven for wolves, while bird-watchers should head to Sardinia during the autumn migration to spot Eleonora’s falcons and the rare cirl bunting.

Take to the coast for watersports

From water skiing to windsurfing, head to the coast where all types of watersports are available. Popular spots include the Italian Riviera in Liguria, the Adriatic and Amalfi coasts. Less busy are the beaches in Sicily, which has large sandy stretches on the southern coast, and in Sardinia. Many of Italy's best dive sites are located in Sardinia.

Tour the Tuscan wine cellars

Typically, the landscape of Tuscany is one of vine-covered hills, cypress woods, fields of sunflowers and remote hilltop villages. Chianti, the best-known Italian wine, is made in the area north of Siena. With several vineyards open to the public, wine fans should drink their way around a Tuscan tasting tour. 

Hike, climb and ski picture-perfect peaks

In the Valle d'Aosta region, go hill walking or climbing in the Gran Paradiso National Park and Mont Avic Regional Park, home to wildlife including the chamois and ibex. On the Swiss border, the flower-cloaked slopes of the Dolomites are also ideal for hiking and mountaineering. In winter, heavy snowfall, chic hotels and Michelin-starred restaurants attract a stylish ski crowd.

Coo at culture on the canals of Venice

With marble palaces afloat on teal-blue waters, garden islands yielding speciality produce and golden glimpses of heaven in St Mark’s Basilica, Venice is a work of art in itself. Drift down the world’s most beautiful boulevard, the Grand Canal, and see where Casanova was imprisoned in the Doge’s Palace.

Explore the religious riches of Vatican City

Enter the Vatican City, an independent sovereign state best known for the magnificent St Peter's Basilica. Among the principal features of the Vatican Palace (the Pope's residence) are the Sistine Chapel – featuring Michelangelo's famous fresco, The Creation of Adam, and the Vatican Museums.

Look under the carpet at Siena cathedral

Admire Siena's extraordinary humbug-striped cathedra (Duomo). With a grand, upper façade mosaic, peeping gargoyles and large bronze door, there is plenty to attract the eye from the outside. Inside though, the fine blue and gold interior adds to the grandeur. Go in September to see its intricate patterned floor (pavimento) which remains covered most of the year.

Look for love in Verona

Soak up the romantic sights of Verona, the setting of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. The Casa di Giulietta (Juliet's House) attracts thousands of visitors to its balcony each year, whilst the vast Roman Arena, built in the 1st century, is the site of an annual opera festival.

Walk through the remains of Pompeii

Understand how 1st-century Romans lived their daily lives when you see the remains of Pompeii and Herculaneum, engulfed in the great eruption of 79 CE. Wander the narrow streets of these well-preserved archaeological sites to see their amphitheatres, their forums and plenty of striking colourful mosaics. In Pompeii, plaster casts have been made of the doomed resident's remains.

Delve into Ravenna's wealth of UNESCO sites

Discover early Byzantine and Christian monuments decorated with stunning mosaics in Ravenna, including the splendid Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, the golden flourishes of Basilica di San Vitale and the serene Neonian Baptistery. A trove of religious art and culture, the city boasts eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Tour the ancient heart of Rome

With its epic history and monumental museums, Rome is the repository of over 2,500 years of European art and architecture. Start at the beginning with the Colosseum, the Forum, the Pantheon and the Capitoline Museums. Then get intimate in the reconstructed bedrooms (cubicula) of Museo Nazionale Romano.

Explore the glorious Greek sites of Sicily

Hot, dry and wracked by earthquake and eruption, Sicily has been on the tourist trail since Goethe wrote home about Agrigento's Valle dei Templi in 1786. Part of Greater Greece for over 500 years, Sicily's sites outshine many in Greece. The catacombs at the Capuchin Monastery contain thousands of mummified bodies and classical Greek plays are still performed in Syracuse's Greek Theatre.

Revel in the beauty of Florence

Visit Florence and see Brunelleschi's revolutionary design for the magnificent cathedral (Duomo). Cross the medieval Ponte Vecchio bridge, see the art collections of the Uffizi Gallery and Michelangelo's famous statue of David at the Galleria dell'Accademia, all among the city’s beautiful Renaissance architecture.

Overview

Many Italian products, especially clothes, shoes and bags, are world-famous for their style and quality. Florence, Milan and Rome are important fashion centres. Some places are known for particular products, such as Carrara in Tuscany for marble or Venice for Murano glass. Como is still famous as a centre of silk production and printing, and Cremona in Lombardy is famous for its handmade violins.

In contrast to other industrialised countries Italy’s artisans have preserved their heritage crafts and skills in small family-run businesses. The Brianza district north of Milan provides designers in the fashion capital with a highly skilled technical workforce, while huge trade event venues such as Triennale in Milan and Fiera Roma give small-scale manufacturers access to a global marketplace.

Although big brands like Alessi lure shoppers with design classics, the real pleasure is in visiting artisan studios where you can often watch ancient techniques still in practise. In Venice seek out paper marblers and glassblowers, in Milan milliners, in Padua cobblers, in Florence goldsmiths and leatherworkers, in Sardinia knife forgers and in Sicily ceramicists. In a world of cookie-cutter designs, you can be sure that your artisanal Italian purchase won’t be matched back home.

Opening Hours

Mon-Sat 0830-1230 and 1530-1930, with some variations in northern Italy where the lunch break is shorter and the shops close earlier. Department stores stay open throughout the day.

Overview

Though renowned the world over, the umbrella term, Italian cuisine, barely begins to cover the rich, regional variations that make up the Italian table. To the north, French and Austrian influences make for dishes heavy in meat, cream and butter, while further south, beyond the central region of Emilia-Romagna, the cooking turns lighter centring around ingredients such as olive oil, tomatoes and fish.

Locals are fiercely proud of their regional specialities, with each town or village proclaiming their local salami or cheese to be the best. Notable regional dishes include Neapolitan pizza, Milanese risotto, Sicilian sardines, Tuscan bean soup, Roman offal, Pugliese bread, Bolognese pasta, Parma ham and Piedmontese truffles.

The secret, of course, is in the ingredients, which are chosen with careful consideration for ripeness, texture and flavour. So eat local and eat seasonal and you’ll be hard pressed to have a bad meal.

Regional Specialities

Tipping

Service charges and state taxes are included in all restaurant bills. It is customary to give up to 10% in addition if service has been particularly good.

Drinking Age

16 for beer and wine. 18 for distilled alcohol.

Hotels

Italy is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe and therefore has a wide choice of hotels that suit all tastes and budgets. Charges vary according to class, season, services available and locality. The Italian State Tourist Board publishes the official list of all Italian hotels every year. Service charges are included in the rates. VAT (IVA in Italy) operates in all hotels at 10% (22% in deluxe hotels) on room charges only. In heavily touristed cities, such as Venice and Verona, a tourist tax of €3 per person, per day is also payable. Visitors are required by law to obtain an official receipt when staying at hotels.

Grading: Hotels are graded on a scale of 1 to 5 stars. The term pensione (pension) for a small hotel is no longer in official use in Italy. Instead these are now termed 1, 2 or 3-star hotels.

Camping Caravaning

Camping is very popular in Italy. The local tourist office in the nearest town will give information and particulars of the most suitable sites. On the larger campsites, it is possible to rent tents/caravans. There are over 1,700 official campsites and full details of the sites can be obtained in the publication Campeggi in Italia, published by the Touring Club Italiano (TCI). The Touring Club Italiano offers campsites already equipped with fixed tents.

Other

History

Five centuries before the Roman Republic conquered the Italian peninsula, the Etruscans and Greeks were tussling for control of Italian ports and fertile farming land. Despite the increasing power of the Greek states in Italy, the growing might of the Roman Empire overwhelmed them by the 2nd century BCE. By 100 CE, Rome was the most powerful city in the Mediterranean.

While the capital prospered, poverty was rife in the provinces and by 400 CE the unwieldy Empire was divided in two, with a second capital established at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) in 330. When the Germans and the French Lombards overran Northern Italy, the Papacy established itself as a spiritual and secular force in Rome.

While the south tended towards centralised rule, supporting the Papacy, powerful port cities such as Genoa, Pisa and Venice increasingly ignored edicts from Rome, while rich power centres like Milan, Florence, Bologna and Verona resisted Roman meddling in internal affairs, developing their own forms of government between the 12th and 14th centuries.

These powerful city-states had both the wealth and independence to usher in a dynamic age of thinking known as the Renaissance. Despite the advances of this era, subsequent decades of war and plague were to fatally weaken the ruling dynasties. In 1797, Napoleon conquered Venice ending 700 years of independence and creating the first Kingdom of Italy in 1805.

Inspired by the success of the French Revolution, Italians began to agitate for a fully independent, unified nation, and finally won national independence in 1861. 

At the dawn of the 20th century, Italy was embroiled in a devastating, although ultimately successful, territorial skirmish with Austria in WWI. Around 600,000 men died and the country was reduced to poverty. Frustrated by the peace settlement at Versailles, Benito Mussolini and the Fascist Party rose to power on a tide of discontent. The following alliance with the German Nazis in 1940, which brought Italy into WWII, ultimately left the country shut out of any power positions in the latter half of the 20th century.

Despite decades of political turbulence, Italy grew into one of the world’s leading economies in the 1980s. High unemployment, corruption and increasing national debt, however, culminated in crisis in 2008 and three years later Silvio Berlusconi was finally toppled from office. In February 2014, 39-year-old Matteo Renzi, the youngest Italian prime minister in history, was sworn in. He was replaced by Paolo Gentiloni in December 2016.

Did you know?
• Tourists fling an estimated €3,000 (£2,540) into the Trevi Fountain every day. This money is collected and donated to charity.
• Italy is home to three active volcanoes: Etna, Stromboli and Vesuvius. Etna is among the world’s most active volcanos and has been erupting on and off for the past 3,500 years.
• With 51 UNESCO World Heritage Sites to its name, Italy has more than any other country in the world.

Religion

80% Roman Catholic with Muslim and Protestant minorities.

Social Conventions

The social structure is heavily influenced by the Roman Catholic Church and, generally speaking, family ties are stronger than in most other countries in Western Europe. Normal social courtesies should be observed. Dress is casual but smart in most places, and beachwear should be confined to the beach. Conservative clothes are expected when visiting religious buildings and smaller, traditional communities. Formal wear is usually indicated on invitations. Smoking is prohibited in public buildings, transport and cinemas.

When visiting an Italian home for dinner, bring a small gift of sweets or chocolate, and dress well. Let your host lead when sitting and starting the meal. Take a small portion of what is offered as you will surely be cajoled into having another helping. If you do not want more wine, leave your glass full so it cannot be refilled.

Best Time To Visit:

Italy is characterised by a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. July is the hottest month with temperatures up to 30C (86F), and January is the coldest month. It is a great destination to visit year round, particularly if taking a city break, though for the warmest and most reliable weather April to June is the prime tourist season. Most Italians take their holiday in July and August so prices, and crowds, can soar during these months, which are also the hottest of the year. If you’re keen to avoid the main scrum of peak season but still bank on mild weather, late September to October is a good choice.

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Required Clothing

Lightweight clothes are worn during the summer, except in the mountains. Winter demands light to mediumweights in the south, but warmer clothes elsewhere. Alpine wear is advised for winter mountain resorts.

Dialing Code:

+39

Area(sq km):

301340

Population:

60.461.826

Population Density(per sq km):

201

Population Year:

2020

EU Member:

Yes

Main emergency number

112