Japan Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Tokyo.

Geography:

The archipelago of Japan is separated from the Asian mainland by the Sea of Japan and split into four main islands: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku. About 70% of the country is covered by hills and mountains, a number of which are active or dormant volcanoes, including Mount Fuji, Japan's highest peak, reaching 3,776m (12,388ft). Japan sits on major seismic fault lines and is susceptible to frequent earthquakes.

A series of mountain ranges run from northern Hokkaido to southern Kyushu. The Japanese Alps (the most prominent range) run in a north-south direction through central Honshu. Lowlands and plains are small and scattered, mostly lying along the coast, and composed of alluvial lowlands and diluvial uplands.

The coastline is long and has very varied features. For example, the deeply indented bays with good natural harbours tend to be adjacent to mountainous terrain. Many of Japan's major cities are located on the coastline and have an extremely high population density.

Okinawa, a chain of islands in the East China Sea, is Japan's southernmost prefecture. Geographically, it is closer to Taiwan than to the four main Japanese islands. Its distinct subtropical climate and pristine beaches are the main drawcards.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

Japan Airlines (www.jal.co.jp/en), All Nippon Airways (www.ana.co.jp/eng) and Jetstar Japan (www.jetstar.com/jp/en) offer international flights to Japan.

Peak travel times to and from Japan are during the cherry blossom season (late March/early April), the Golden Week holiday (late April/early May), the Obon holiday (mid-August) and the New Year holiday (January).

Major airports are: Tokyo Haneda Airport, Tokyo Narita International Airport, Osaka Kansai International Airport, Central Japan International Airport (Centrair), New Chitose Airport (Sapporo), Fukuoka Airport and Sendai Airport.

Departure Tax

Departure tax is included in the airfare.

Flight Times

To Tokyo: from London - 11 hours 40 minutes; New York - 16 hours 25 minutes; Toronto - 13 hours 20 minutes; Singapore - 6 hours 30 minutes; Sydney 9 hours 25 minutes.

Getting There By Water

There are international ferry services to Japan from Russia, China, Taiwan and South Korea, although ticket prices may not be cheaper than air tickets.

Major port cities are Osaka (www.osakaport.co.jp), Kobe (www.kobe-meriken.or.jp), Yokohama (www.yokohamaport.org/portal), Shimonoseki (www.shimonoseki-port.com), Fukuoka (port-of-hakata.city.fukuoka.lg.jp) and Naha.

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

All Nippon Airways (www.ana.co.jp) and Japan Airlines (www.jal.co.jp) maintain an extensive network of flights covering all of Japan and its islands. There are some budget airlines too, such as Skymark (www.skymark.co.jp), Air Do (www.airdo.jp), Solaseed Air (www.solaseedair.jp), IBEX Airways (www.ibexair.co.jp), Peach (www.flypeach.com) and Starflyer (www.starflyer.jp).

Tokyo is serviced by two airports; Haneda (HND) (www.tokyo-airport-bldg.co.jp) handles both domestic and international flights, while Narita (NRT) (www.narita-airport.jp) is for international flights. A monorail service runs from Hamamatsucho (a district in Tokyo) to Haneda while both JR and Keisei trains connect Narita with Tokyo (fastest train - 1 hour).

Other major airports with international connections include Kansai International Airport (www.kansai-airport.or.jp) near Osaka, Fukuoka (www.fuk-ab.co.jp), Centrair (www.centrair.jp) near Nagoya, and New Chitose Airport (www.new-chitose-airport.jp) near Sapporo.

Bike

Cycling is a pleasant way to enjoy exploring Japan and can be faster than using public transport in some instances. Bicycle rental is available in all major cities, especially those with major sightseeing attractions, including Tokyo, Kamakura, Kyoto, Nara and Hiroshima. Local tourist information centres can provide details.

Breakdown Services

The Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) (tel: +81 570 008 139; www.jaf.or.jp/e) provides an English-language 'Rules of the Road' booklet, and JAF Road Service offers 24-hour breakdown assistance for both members and non-members (tel: 0570 00 8139, in Japan only). In the case of an accident, you must inform the police (tel: 110).

Car Hire

There are numerous car hire companies operating in Japan. Some of the biggest are Nippon Rent-A-Car (tel: +81 3 6859 6234; www.nipponrentacar.co.jp) and JR Eki Rent A Car (www.ekiren.co.jp). All foreign visitors need an International Driving Permit in order to hire a car. The minimum age for driving in Japan is 18 years old.

Coach

Long-distance bus services run regularly between all the major regions and cities in Japan. Both daytime and overnight buses are available. It is a cheap way to travel. Also, by travelling at night, you can maximise sightseeing time during the day.

JR Bus Kanto (www.jrbuskanto.co.jp) operates regular coach services between Osaka and Tokyo. JR Tokai (www.jrtbinm.co.jp) runs coach services between Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya and several other cities. JR Chugoku (www.chugoku-jrbus.co.jp) operates services from Hiroshima and Yamaguchi. Willer Express (tel: +81 50 5805 0383;www.willerexpress.com) has direct coaches from Osaka to Sendai in northern Japan, as well as Hiroshima in the west and Nagasaki in the south.

Departure Tax

None.

Documentation

An International Driving Permit is required. It's also advisable to have your passport on hand for additional identification. Foreign drivers can use an international licence for up to one year but must transfer to a local Japanese licence if staying longer.

Getting Around By Rail

The Japan Railways Group (JR) runs one of the best rail networks in the world. Kyuko (Express) and Tokkyu (the faster Limited Express) trains are best for travelling within and between major urban areas, with frequent services on the main routes. Shinkansen, the 'bullet trains', are the fastest and most convenient for intercity travel, with compartments for wheelchair passengers and refreshments for sale on board.

Supplements are payable on the three classes of express trains and reservations must be made for 'Green' (first-class) cars.

Other types of trains include Kaisoku (Rapid Train) and Futsu (Local Train). For short-distance trains, tickets can be bought at vending machines outside train stations.

There are also two ultra-luxurious train services. Train Suite Shiki-Shima (www.jreast.co.jp/shiki-shima/en) offers 1-3 night itineraries around north-eastern Japan that include destinations such as Naruko Hot Springs, Nikko Toshogu Shrine and Hirosaki Castle. Twilight Express Mizukaze (www.twilightexpress-mizukaze.jp) offers a choice of two itineraries in western Japan and includes stops in Kyoto, Osaka and Fukawa Bay. The impressive interiors showcase Japanese design and craftsmanship and prices are correspondingly steep.

Regulations

Seat belts are compulsory, and the speed limit on expressways is up to 100kph (62mph). In cities, the speed limit is 40kph (25mph). The use of mobile phones is illegal when driving.

Getting Around By Road

Japan has a network of well-connected expressways linking major regions. However, expressway tolls are very high, and congestions are frequent during peak holiday seasons. Driving is convenient if you plan to travel outside the major cities to the more remote and scenic regions. It is important to be aware of weather conditions – heavy rain and snow can force road closures.

International visitors must have an international licence to hire and drive a car in Japan. The minimum driving age is 18, and it is advisable to take out car insurance. Speed limits vary considerably so pay attention to signs.

Road Classification

The road classifications in Japan are National Highways, National Expressways, Prefectural Roads and Municipal Roads.

The Keiyo Expressway, Meishin Expressway, Tohoku Expressway and the Tomei Expressway link Japan's major Pacific coastal cities.

Road Quality

Roads are well maintained and increasingly well signposted in both Japanese and English on major routes.

Side Of Road

l

Taxi

These can be expensive, particularly in rush hour (0700-0900 and 1700-1900) when traffic can be very slow.

Taxi drivers are very professional but tend not to speak English, so it is advisable to have your destination written out in Japanese, together with the name of some nearby landmark. Alternatively, ask your hotel for help or use a map to better communicate with the taxi driver.

Beware that all the rear doors of Japanese taxis are operated automatically by the driver - you shouldn't try to open or close the doors yourself. Tipping is not customary and could offend.

Urban Travel

Public transport is well developed, clean and efficient, but crowded during rush hours. The underground systems and suburban rail services, which serve all the main cities, are very convenient. Tokyo and Osaka both have loop lines, which make navigating the surrounding areas a little less confusing. Tokyo also has one working tram - the Toden-Arakawa line that runs 12km (7.5mi) from Waseda via Ikebukuro to Minowabashi in northeast Tokyo.

Bus: Because of a general lack of English signs, these can be confusing and are best used with someone who knows the system. Otherwise, you should get the exact details of your destination from your hotel. Fares systems are highly automated, and passes are usually available. In Tokyo (www.tokyobus.or.jp), you pay a flat fare when boarding a bus, but elsewhere - especially if you're travelling over a distance in the countryside and suburbs - you pay when you are about to alight so the fare depends on the distance you have travelled. This is indicated by a fare board at the front of the bus.

Metro: All of Japan's largest cities have subway systems. Tokyo has two underground systems: the Tokyo Metro system (www.tokyometro.jp/en) and the Toei (www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp). Tickets for Toei lines are not valid for the Tokyo Metro and vice versa, so you must buy a transfer ticket. A variety of tickets are available including a monthly open pass, one-day open ticket, 14 tickets for the price of 10 and a Tokyo Combination ticket. The most convenient passes are the PASMO (www.pasmo.co.jp) and Suica (www.jreast.co.jp/e/pass/suica.html) stored-value cards that can be used on all subway lines as well as JR and private railway lines and buses in the Tokyo area.

Kyoto also has its own subway system (www.city.kyoto.jp/koho/eng/access/subway.html) as does Osaka (www.osakametro.co.jp), Nagoya (www.kotsu.city.nagoya.jp), Fukuoka (subway.city.fukuoka.lg.jp)and Sapporo (www.sapporostation.com).

Getting Around By Water

There are domestic ferry connections between the four main islands of Japan and their major ports, as well as the thousands of smaller islands. Major sea routes from Tokyo are to Kitakyushu (Fukuoka) via Tokushima on Shikoku and Tomakomai on Hokkaido. Other routes include Maizuru to Otaru, Aomori to Hakodate, Kobe to Takamatsu and Kagoshima to Naha. Bullet train services frequently travel to ports. Ferry companies include Shin Nihonkai Ferry (www.snf.jp) and Ocean Tokyu Ferry (www.otf.jp).

Travel Advice

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of the current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Japan set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Japanese Embassy in the UK.

Passport validity requirements  

If you're visiting Japan, your passport must be valid for the length of your stay. No additional period of validity is required. You need a blank page for your visa stamp.

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

Visa requirements

You can get a visa on arrival in Japan for tourism or business for up to 90 days. You do not need to apply before you travel.

If you need a multiple-entry visa, you must ask the immigration officials when you arrive. 

If you want to stay longer, you can apply at your nearest immigration office for an extension for another 90 days. Your passport must be valid for the period of the extension.

For long-term stays or to work or study, you must meet the Japanese government's entry requirements. Check which type of visa you need. It is illegal to work in Japan without the correct visa no matter how informal or temporary the work.

If you overstay your permission to remain in Japan, you risk arrest, detention and a heavy fine.

For residency information, see the Japanese Immigration Services Agency website and read about living in Japan.

Vaccine requirements

For details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Japan guide.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of Japan. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

Taking food into Japan 

It is illegal to bring meat products including sausages, bacon and ham to Japan without permission from the Japanese Animal Quarantine Service. Penalties include a heavy fine and prison sentence.

Whale meat is available in Japan but importing it into the UK and EU is illegal. If you import whale meat to the UK, you can get a fine of up to £5,000 and a prison sentence. Customs officers will seize the meat.

Taking money into Japan 

Japan is still a predominantly cash-based society. You may have difficulty using credit and debit cards issued outside Japan. Cirrus, Maestro, Link and Delta cash cards are not widely accepted. Japanese post offices, 7-Eleven stores and JP Post Bank have cash machines that will accept some foreign cards during business hours.

This guide also has safety advice for regions of Japan.

Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Japan

Terrorist attacks in Japan cannot be ruled out.   

Political situation

Civil disturbance and violent demonstrations are rare in Japan. Occasionally, there are pro-nationalist demonstrations that express hostility towards foreign countries. If you become aware of protests, leave the area immediately.

Japan and the Korean Peninsula

The level of tension and security situation in the Korean Peninsula can change with little notice. Tensions can rise after missile tests by North Korea and during the regular South Korea-US military exercises, which take place throughout the year.

North Korea frequently launches missiles towards Japan as part of missile testing, and is likely to continue doing so.

You should follow the advice of local authorities and check NHK World for the latest information. See advice on missile alerts from the Japanese government.

See also travel advice for South Korea.

Crime

Take the same precautions you would at home and get local advice on areas where you might need to be more alert.

Tokyo's entertainment districts carry a higher risk of crime, particularly at night in and around clubs and bars. Foreign nationals have been targeted for extortion, robbery, assault and sexual assault.

Protecting your belongings

Be aware of your surroundings and keep your belongings in sight when travelling. Place valuables in a secure place such as a hotel safe when you can.

Rape and sexual assault

Rape and sexual assault are rare but can happen. Japanese law puts a high burden of proof on victims to demonstrate sexual relations were not consensual and committed through assault, intimidation or force.

Female passengers travelling on commuter trains have experienced inappropriate behaviour. This includes touching and upskirting – taking photos or videos from below when women walk or stand nearby. Police advise you should shout at the perpetrator to attract attention and ask a fellow passenger to call train or station staff.

Drink spiking and credit card fraud

There is a risk of drink spiking and credit card fraud. Victims have described waking up with no memory of what happened and discovering large amounts of money billed to their credit card. Risks are higher in all entertainment and nightlife districts across Japan. In particular, the Japanese police have identified the following areas in Tokyo as high-risk zones:

• Kabukicho
• Roppongi
• Shibuya
• Ikebukuro

You can reduce the risk of spiking by:

• not accepting drinks from strangers
• not leaving drinks unattended or asking a trusted friend to keep an eye on your unfinished drink

Card fraudsters may skim or clone bank cards when you pay for food or drink. You may need a police report before your credit card company will consider processing a fraud claim.

Illegal drugs 

Japan has strict laws around drug use. If the police find an illegal substance in your bloodstream, you may be charged, regardless of whether you consented or were aware of taking the drugs. If you refuse to take a test if asked to by the police, you could be arrested and detained for 'obstructing police duties'.   

If you take blood tests at medical institutions, they are usually obliged to report to the police if they detect any illegal substances.

Disputes over bar bills

British nationals have been arrested at clubs and bars following disputes with staff and doorpersons over excessive bar bills. These disputes are often seen in the high risk areas outlined above. Ensure you see a menu with prices before you enter a bar or restaurant. Keep track of what you order and confirm the price of admission to clubs on entry.

Prostitution and street touts

Prostitution and street touts are illegal but commonplace, especially in the high risk areas outlined above. Do not accompany street touts to bars or clubs. Street touts often encourage people to enter an establishment by misrepresenting the services on offer. You may incur an entry charge so do not enter on the promise of a free drink or to have a look, as you may not be free to leave.

Laws and cultural differences

Personal ID

You must always carry your passport or Japanese residence card with you. The police can arrest you if you cannot show proof of your visa or residence status.

Alcohol bans

In general, drinking alcohol in public places is not illegal. However, there are bans on drinking alcohol in specific areas on certain days, for example New Year's Eve.

Smoking in public places    

Smoking is illegal on the streets of Tokyo and some other cities. Smoke only in designated areas.

Illegal drugs and prison sentences

There is zero tolerance of drug crime and the penalties are severe. British nationals have been arrested and detained for receiving small quantities through the post or if they test positive when the police raid clubs or bars. British nationals convicted of drug trafficking have received sentences ranging from 6 to 17 years and fines of 3 to 4 million yen. Prisoners in Japan are assigned labour or factory work as part of their sentences.

LGBT+ travellers   

Same-sex sexual activity is not illegal, but Japanese law does not protect against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. Same-sex marriages are not recognised, but some local authorities issue certificates of recognition that can be used for civil issues, such as hospital visitation rights.

Nichome in Tokyo and Doyamacho in Osaka are well-known LGBT+ areas.

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Medication bans

It is illegal to possess or use some common prescription and over-the-counter medicines under Japan's strictly enforced law on anti-stimulant drugs. Ignorance of the law does not count as a defence. See Health.

Custody disputes  

Japanese family law is very different from UK law. Joint custody of a child after divorce is not a legal option, and access for a non-custodial parent is extremely difficult, especially if you live outside of Japan. Legal custody disputes can be lengthy and expensive, and rulings to return a child or to secure access to a child are often not enforced. See child abduction, custody and parental rights in Japan.

Public behaviour

Most Japanese people are welcoming and friendly, but can be reserved. Loud, boisterous behaviour may receive negative attention. Showing affection in public is less common than in the UK. 

Tattoos

Tattoos have a historical association with organised crime in Japan. While acceptance is increasing, some public facilities do not admit people with tattoos – for example, public swimming pools, hot springs, beaches and some gyms. Other establishments request you cover tattoos while using the facilities.  

Transport risks

Road travel

If you're planning to drive in Japan, see information on driving abroad and check the rules of the road in the Japan Automobile Federation driving guide.

You'll need the 1949 version of the international driving permit (IDP) plus your UK driving licence and insurance documents with you in the car. You could be arrested and fined for driving without the correct documents.

You cannot buy an IDP outside the UK, so get one before you travel. You can use an IDP for one year, regardless of its expiry date. See information on driving and the IDP from the Tokyo police.

If you plan to stay longer than one year, see how to apply for a Japanese driving licence.

Hire car companies often have stricter requirements for their customers, such as a year of driving experience and a minimum age.

There are 2 types of driving insurance available in Japan: compulsory insurance ('jibaisekihoken') and voluntary insurance ('nin'i no jidoshahoken'). The compulsory insurance on its own may be insufficient in cases of personal liability.

Drink-driving is a serious offence in Japan, and the legal limit of alcohol in your system is about a third of the UK limit. If you are found to be over the limit, you may get a fine and possible imprisonment. There are also penalties for allowing someone to drink and drive. The passenger could face arrest if the police suspect they were aware of the driver's alcohol consumption.

Driving standards

Roads are well maintained, and driving is on the left. Watch out for:

• pedestrians crossing roads at green lights, especially at junctions
• cyclists riding on the wrong side of the road and without lights at night
• other drivers braking suddenly

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to natural disasters in Japan.

Tropical cyclones

In Japan the tropical cyclone (typhoon) season is between June and December, peaking between July and September. The highest risk is in southern parts of the country. Monitor any approaching storms using Japan Meteorological Agency forecasts. Follow the advice of the local authorities and emergency services, including any evacuation orders.

Tropical cyclones in Japan often come with damaging high tides, increasing the risk of landslides and flooding. The dangers increase when an earthquake occurs shortly after a tropical cyclone has saturated an area.

See weather safety tips from the Japan National Tourism Agency.

Earthquakes and tsunamis

Japan is in a major earthquake zone. Take note of instructions in hotel rooms and at train stations. Check the safety procedures on your local prefectural website.

Monitor tsunami warnings and earthquake information from the Japan Meteorological Agency.

See earthquake safety tips from the Japan National Tourism Agency. 

Volcanic eruptions

There are several active volcanoes in Japan. Monitor local media reports and follow the advice of local authorities. Check for volcano warnings from the Japanese Meteorological Agency. See volcano safety tips from the Japan National Tourism Agency.

This section has safety advice for regions of Japan. It only covers regions where FCDO has specific advice.

You should also read FCDO's overall travel advice and safety and security advice.

Fukushima  

There is a restricted area around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant where only authorised persons can enter. Areas where evacuation orders are ready to be lifted are still subject to some restrictions – for example, visitors are not allowed to stay overnight. Follow local guidance.

The Japanese authorities carry out comprehensive checks to monitor radiation in the area around Fukushima Daiichi and to monitor possible contamination of water and food and produce. They impose strict controls where necessary.

Although the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi site and full clean-up of the surrounding area will take many years, the risks are gradually declining.

Noto Peninsula

A series of earthquakes hit the Noto Peninsula on 1 January, causing a minor tsunami and fires in various parts of Ishikawa Prefecture. Infrastructure damage was extensive, and some transport links remain disrupted. Take care in affected areas and follow local guidance.

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Dial 119 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Japan
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Japan including:

• dengue
• biting insects and ticks

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Japan. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro.

Medication

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

It is illegal to carry some common prescription and over-the-counter medicines under Japan's strictly enforced law on anti-stimulant drugs. This includes:

• Vicks inhalers
• medicines for allergies and sinus problems
• cold and flu medication containing pseudoephedrine
• some over-the-counter painkillers containing codeine

Foreign nationals have been detained and deported for these offences. If you're travelling with medication, check its status with the Japanese Embassy in the UK.

Healthcare in Japan

Medical facilities in Japan are of a high quality, but treatment is expensive. Expect to pay the whole cost of any treatment you receive.

Medical facilities may check your insurance, which could delay your treatment.

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Japan where some staff will speak English.

There is also guidance on healthcare if you're living in Japan.

COVID-19 healthcare

The Japan National Tourism Organisation has information on COVID-19 for travellers in Japan and a guide to accessing medical facilities in Japan.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in Japan

Ambulance: 119

Fire: 119

Police: 110

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding English-speaking lawyers, funeral directors and translators and interpreters in Japan
• dealing with a death in Japan
• being arrested or imprisoned in Japan
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you're affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow and contact FCDO: 

• travel advice on X

• travel advice on Facebook

Risk information for British companies

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating in Japan on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Typhoid	No
Malaria	No
Tetanus	Yes
Hepatitis A	No
Rabies	No*
Yellow Fever	No
Diphtheria	No

Overview:

Health insurance is strongly recommended, owing to the high cost of treatment for those outside the Japanese national healthcare system. Confirm that your health care policy fully covers travel to Japan before departure, as you will be expected to pay the full amount of any treatment you receive.

The International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (www.iamat.org) provides a list of English-speaking doctors. There are hospitals with emergency and outpatient facilities in all major cities. Throughout Japan dial 119 to call an ambulance. Because emergency operators may not speak English, assistance from a local person, if possible, would be helpful when making an emergency call.

If bringing small amounts of personal medications into Japan, whether they are over the counter or prescription, make sure they are in clearly marked containers. Larger quantities or devices may require a special certificate which must be obtained before your trip to Japan. Consult the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare website (https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english) for more detailed information. Visitors should be aware that in Japan, medications containing stimulants or codeine are illegal. You are not permitted to take commonly available nasal decongestant medication such as Sudafed and Vicks Inhalers into Japan.

Vaccinations Note:

* If spending lengthy periods in areas with bat populations, vaccination is advised.

Food Drink:

Food safety is high in Japan and tap water is safe for consumption.

Following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, the possible contamination of food and water from the surrounding area is being monitored, and strict controls are imposed by the Japanese authorities where necessary. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare website (www.mhlw.go.jp/english) has updates on contamination levels in tested food.

Only eat raw fish, seafood and meat from recognised establishments, and be aware that there is a risk of parasitic infection and toxins if these foods have not been prepared properly. E-coli food poisoning outbreaks may happen during the warmer months (June-September), and it is advisable to take precautions when consuming perishable foods at outdoor summer festivals, where refrigeration may be an issue.

Other Risks:

You should make sure you are up to date with routine vaccinations. Influenza and measles epidemics have occurred in recent years, hence precautions should be taken. Tuberculosis and hepatitis B can be contracted and vaccination may be advised by your doctor. Typhus occurs in some river valleys. Japanese encephalitis may occur. Vaccination is recommended for long-term travel (longer than one month) in rural areas. All normal precautions should also be exercised to avoid exposure to sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS.

If spending prolonged periods outdoors during the summer months when heat and humidity can be extreme, make sure to have plenty of fluids on hand to avoid dehydration and wear hats and other protective clothing to avoid heatstroke.

Currency Information:

Japanese Yen (JPY; symbol ¥). Notes are in denominations of ¥10,000, 5,000, 2,000 and 1,000. Coins are in denominations of ¥500, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1.

Credit Cards:

MasterCard, Visa and other major credit cards are widely accepted in major cities and towns. American Express and Diners Club cards are also accepted in some bigger stores. A pin number may be required to process the transaction. The Japan Post Bank, Seven-Eleven convenience stores and international banks accept foreign credit cards.

ATMs:

Japan Post Bank ATMs at main branches of the Post Office accept foreign cards Mon-Sat 0005-2355, and 0005-2100 on Sundays and holidays. ATMs at Seven-Eleven stores also accept foreign cards and are accessible 24 hours. International banks accept foreign credit or debit cards, but these are hard to find outside of major cities.

Japan has a strong cash culture, and it is usual to see people carrying large amounts of cash with them because of the low crime rate. It is only recently that credit cards have begun to become more popular. However, travellers may still encounter difficulties with foreign credit cards.

Travellers Cheques:

Travellers' cheques are no longer popular, but they can still be exchanged at most major banks and at some exchange services. To avoid additional exchange rate charges, travellers are advised to take travellers' cheques in US Dollars.

Banking Hours:

Mon-Fri 0900-1500.

Currency Restrictions:

There are no restrictions on the import or export of local or foreign currency. However, amounts exceeding ¥1,000,000 or equivalent must be declared.

Currency Exchange:

All money must be exchanged at an authorised bank or money changer.

Currencies

Code	Symbol
JPY	¥

Exchange Rates

75.55

123.05

144.99

117.13

Language

Japanese is the official language. Some English is spoken in Tokyo and other large cities but is less usual in rural areas. There are many regional dialects, and there are distinct differences in the intonation and pronunciation between eastern and western Japan.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

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List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2024-01-01 00:00:00	0
Coming of Age Day	2024-01-08 00:00:00	0
National Foundation Day	2024-02-11 00:00:00	0
Showa Day	2024-04-29 00:00:00	0
Constitution Memorial Day	2024-05-03 00:00:00	0
Greenery Day	2024-05-04 00:00:00	0
Children's Day	2024-05-05 00:00:00	0
Marine Day	2024-07-15 00:00:00	0
Respect for the Aged Day	2024-09-16 00:00:00	0
Health and Sports Day	2024-10-14 00:00:00	0
Culture Day	2024-11-03 00:00:00	0
Labour Thanksgiving Day	2024-11-23 00:00:00	0
Emperor's Birthday	2024-12-23 00:00:00	0

Note:

Holidays falling on Sunday are observed the following Monday. When there is a single day between two national holidays, it is also taken as a holiday.

Overview:

The following goods may be imported into Japan by travellers 20 years of age and older without incurring customs duty:

• 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 250g of tobacco or 10 individual packages of heat-not-burn tobacco or 250g of a combination of these products.
• 3 bottles (approximately 760ml each) of alcohol.
• 56ml of perfume.
• Other goods under the total value of ¥200,000. The value of every single item must be under ¥10.000 in order to be free of duty and / or tax. 

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Banned Imports:

Prohibited items include narcotics, firearms and ammunition, explosives, counterfeit money, obscene material, and articles which infringe upon intellectual copyright.

Restricted items include animals, plants, medicines and cosmetics, hunting guns, air guns and swords.

You should be aware that in Japan, cold and flu medication containing stimulants are illegal. You are not permitted to take commonly available nasal decongestant medication such as Sudafed and Vicks inhalers into Japan.

Telephone:

Credit cards can be used directly in some phone boxes, although public phones are becoming increasingly difficult to find and are most likely to be located near train stations. They are green and grey and accept coins and magnetic prepaid cards, available from convenience stores and vending machines.

Mobile Telephone:

Most modern phone handsets will work in Japan, but roaming charges can be steep - check with your service provider as some will offer reasonable data packages to cover your stay. If you have a smartphone, you may choose to avoid roaming charges by using Wi-Fi only. Visitors can also hire handsets at the airport from companies such as NTT DoCoMo (www.nttdocomo.co.jp), and Softbank (www.softbank-rental.jp).

Internet:

Wi-Fi is widely available throughout Japan and is free in many hotels and cafés, while major cities and airports also provide hotspots.

Post Office Hours:

Mon-Fri 0900-1700 (1900 at bigger branches). Some main post offices are open 0900-1700 on Saturdays; 0900-1230 on Sundays. Some branches have an after-hours service window.

Media:

Japan's national public broadcaster NHK (www.nhk.or.jp) operates several TV and radio channels, including Radio Japan and the global English language news channel NHK World. There are five commercial broadcasting networks. The press in Japan is free to criticise the government, although freelance journalists find access to information difficult.

There are a few English-language daily newspapers published in Japan, including The Asahi Shimbun (www.asahi.com), Japan Times (www.japantimes.co.jp) and Japan Today (japantoday.com) .

Hiroshima, Miyajima Island

Just off the coast of Hiroshima is the picturesque island of Miyajima – the name means 'Shrine Island' and accordingly, it is home to many shrines and temples, including the Itsukushima Shrine with the famous Torii gate that seems to float on the sea at high tide. Another famous temple on the island is Daishō-in, a holy site of Shingon Buddhism. Other attractions include the Museum of History, Miyajima Aquarium and Mount Misen – accessible by cable car and a network of walking trails.

Hokkaido

For a long time, this northern island was Japan's Wild West, and it still retains a distinct pioneer feel. Hokkaido is also home to Japan's indigenous Ainu people with a unique language, religion and culture. If you're short on time, visit the National Ainu Museum in Shiraoi, 90km (56mi) south of Sapporo.

Ōno District, Gassho-zukuri farmhouses

In the mountains of central Japan, you'll find the remote yet utterly picturesque area of Shirakawa-go. It is famed for its Gassho-zukuri farmhouses, which are charming traditional houses with high and narrow thatched roofs – said to resemble gassho (hands together in prayer). Many are still inhabited and open to the public, offering a fascinating glimpse of both traditional and modern rural life.

Tokyo, Sensō-ji Temple

Pilgrims have flocked to Sensō-ji Temple, Tokyo's most revered Buddhist sanctuary, for over 1,000 years. Originally founded in 628 to enshrine a statuette of the Kannon Bodhisattva (the Goddess of Mercy), damage from bombing raids means that today you'll find a lavish, five-storey reconstruction. Walk under its giant lantern to reveal smoking incense, swirling crowds and teeming shops.

Nara

One-hour south of Kyoto, Nara was the first imperial capital of Japan and marked the far eastern end of the Silk Road. Today, it is famed for its many temples (notably Tōdaiji Temple and Horyuji Temple), ancient rituals and festivals including the Wakakusa Yamayaki fire festival, and the large Nara Park where hundreds of deer roam freely.

Hiroshima

Destroyed by the world's first atomic bomb on 6 August 1945, Hiroshima today promotes peace and tolerance. The vast Peace Memorial Park, home to a couple of museums and many monuments, is where most visitors spend a good day or two visiting. Worthy sites within the park include the Peace Memorial Museum (which traces deaths and sufferings following the bombing) and the A-Bomb Dome (remnants of the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall).

Kagawa, Naoshima

Situated in the Seto Inland Sea, Naoshima is about halfway between Kobe and Hiroshima. Originally a fishing port, it is now home to an exciting array of outdoor art exhibits and contemporary art museums, including one that functions as a hotel. Old houses on the island have also been converted into exhibition spaces.

Kii Peninsula, Kumano Kodo trail

The Kii Peninsula is a vast area of stunning natural beauty blessed with sacred forests, towering waterfalls, and soothing hot springs. The area is crisscrossed with a network of ancient pilgrimage trails known as Kumano Kodo, which is a key part of the region's UNESCO designation.

Cherry blossom parties

From April through May, sakura (cherry blossom trees) start blooming across the country, and lively parties are held underneath the pretty blossoms. Known as a Hanami party, friends and family gather for a picnic with food and drinks. The best places include the Ueno Park and Yoyogi Park in Tokyo, the historic neighbourhood of Gion in Kyoto, and the Himeji Castle in Himeji.

Kyoto

Don't miss Kyoto, the imperial capital of Japan for over 1,000 years. Founded in 794, Kyoto's best sights include the Golden Pavilion (Kinkakuji), the trail with 10,000 Torii gates at Fushimi Inari Shrine and the Nijo Castle. The historic Gion geisha district also makes for a wonderful late afternoon wander.

Osaka

Osaka is renowned for its abundance of world-class restaurants, a historic castle (an excellent reproduction of the original) and the performing arts of kabuki (classical Japanese dance and drama) and bunraku (traditional puppet theatre). The city's Dotonbori area is particularly vibrant after dark, and its aquarium shouldn't be missed either – it is one of the largest in the world.

Kyoto, International Manga Museum

The Kyoto International Manga Museum, housed in an old primary school, is the first in the world devoted to Japanese manga comics. The museum has a massive collection, both historical and contemporary, as well as international editions of Japanese comics. Visitors can take the comics off the shelf and read them in one of the many reading spaces.

Tokyo, Studio Ghibli

If you're a fan of animated films, head to the Ghibli Museum of Miyazaki Hayao's Studio Ghibli and see many of the famous characters produced by the studio, including characters from My Neighbor Totoro, Princess Mononoke and Spirited Away, along with a life-sized robot from "Castle in the Sky" in the rooftop garden.

Whale and dolphin watching

Several former whaling ports have turned into active whale watching communities with enthusiastic operators taking tour groups out to spot humpback and sperm whales. For the best chance of seeing these incredible mammals, take to the seas between January and March. Dolphin watching is also popular in eastern and western Japan.

Skiing

Come winter, do as many Japanese do and hit the slopes. Mountains here are sprinkled with top-class ski resorts, especially in the central Japanese Alps and Hokkaido, where pistes are famed for their powdery snow. Many resorts also have on-site onsen (hot springs) for guests to relax in after a fun day on the mountain.

Himeji, Himeji Castle

Himeji-jo is Japan's most impressive castle. Dating from the 17th century, it survived WWII bombings and is still in excellent condition. Dominated by a towering six-storey central donjon, Shirasagi-jō (or "white egret castle" as it is nicknamed) is supposed to resemble the shape of the bird in flight. In 1993 it was added to UNESCO's World Heritage list.

Sumo wrestling

Watch the theatre of a sumo contest. Witnessing sumo wrestling is an exciting and truly traditional Japanese experience. Six major tournaments are held throughout the year in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Fukuoka. Tickets can be purchased in advance or on the day.

Hot springs

When the Japanese want to relax, they head to a natural hot spring resort called onsen. Famous soaks include Dogo in Matsuyama – even the Imperial Family comes to one of the bathhouses here, and Ibusuki, renowned for its hot-sand saunas on the southern tip of Kyushu.

Traditional Japanese tea ceremony

Arrange to take part in a traditional tea ceremony. The elegant ritual takes place in a chashitsu, a tranquil room designed and designated for tea. Kyoto and Uji (a city between Kyoto and Nara) are two excellent destinations to enjoy the country's tea culture.

Tokyo

Japan's capital is also the world's most populous metropolis. Tokyo offers visitors excellent entertainment, shopping and dining options, along with many museums and historic temples. Check out Akihabara for electronic items, Shibuya for underground live music venues and Harajuku for amazing cosplay culture. For a serene escape, head to Tokyo's many gardens, temples and shrines.

Overview

Shoppers will encounter a blend of quintessential Japanese goods and sophisticated sales techniques in Japan, particularly at the big department stores, which are usually located near major train stations and in commercial districts. Many of these department stores are more like exhibitions than shops, and have an army of extremely attentive and highly trained staff providing unparalleled service. Smaller speciality shops, which sell traditional goods and have often been in business for hundreds of years, also provide a unique shopping experience and offer a high level of service.

Special purchases include kimonos, yukatas (casual kimonos), mingei (local crafts including kites and folk toys), omamori (amulets from Shinto shrines), paper lanterns, ceramics, lacquerware, cameras and other electronic items. 

Colourful souvenir shops stocked with high-quality hand-made and region-specific goods are ubiquitous. Fans of Japanese popular culture will be able to purchase their favourites manga and anime characters in all major Japanese cities; in particular in Akihabara in Tokyo and Den-Den Town in Osaka. Quirky fashion and cosplay shops can be found in Tokyo's famous Harajuku district. Outlet stores for brand-name goods manufactured in Japan are becoming increasingly common and are often located near international airports.

Bargaining is not common, but bargains can be found during sales in summer (June-July) and winter (December-February).

Tax exemptions are available in authorised tax-free stores, provided that the item is taken out of Japan unopened/unused. Remember, when buying electronic goods that they may not be compatible with the UK or US voltage.

Opening Hours

1000-1900 every day of the week and on public holidays.

Overview

Japanese cuisine involves fresh, delicate flavours based on seasonal ingredients. Rice, miso (fermented soybean) soup, tofu (soybean curd), pickled vegetables and fresh seafood are staples of the Japanese diet. Consumption of beef, chicken and pork is also widespread.

The wide range of ingredients, the intensive preparation methods, and the meticulous presentation found in Japanese cuisine are highly impressive. Sushi is world-renowned, but it's not the only style of cooking. There are different styles of noodles (Ramen, Soba and Udon), tempuras, meat skewers, octopus balls, all the way to some of the finest beef in the world.

The pinnacle of Japanese cuisine is, of course, kaiseki, a multi-course, fine-dining-style banquet.

While sake (rice wine) is still regularly served, beer is by far the most popular alcoholic beverage. Whisky is also gaining popularity thanks to a number of Scotch-style distilleries.

Regional Specialities

Tipping

Tips are never expected and can even be considered impolite. In some upmarket places, a 10 to 15% service charge will be added to the bill. In some bars, there may be a table or "charm" charge too, which can be quite steep; it's best to enquire in advance if you're in any doubt.

Drinking Age

20.

Hotels

Hotels can be 'Japanese' or 'Western' in style or a mix of both. Western-style accommodation is much like any modern US or European hotel, often with an excellent level of service.

A Japanese-style hotel is called a ryokan. The rooms feature tatami (straw mat flooring), fold-away futon beds and a zataku (a short table where you sit on the floor around it). Guests will receive yukata (cotton kimono) and slippers – wearing both are acceptable in your room and around the ryokan. Prices for ryokan range from reasonable, for basic inns with shared baths, to expensive, for the most exclusive ones where rates will invariably include lavish breakfast and dinner meals, a private garden view and extremely attentive service.

Most top-end hotels levy a service charge of 10 to 15% on the bill. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government also enforces a small accommodation tax of ¥100 per night on hotels and ryokan around the city that charge over ¥10,000 per room (¥200 per night if the room costs over ¥15,000).

No-frills business hotel chains such as Toyoko Inn (www.toyoko-inn.com) have become very popular; you'll find them in convenient locations in most cities and towns.

Camping Caravaning

Campsites with cooking and bathing facilities can be found all over Japan. Many are located near spectacularly scenic areas and must be reserved in advance. The National Camping Association of Japan (camping.or.jp) has information on campsite locations and facilities.

Other

History

Influence from the outside world, followed by long periods of isolation, has characterised Japan's history. In the feudal era (12th-19th century), a new ruling class of warriors emerged: the samurai.

One of the most famous and successful samurai, Oda Nobunaga, conquered numerous warlords and had almost unified Japan when he was assassinated in 1582. Toyotomi Hideyoshi succeeded him and united the land in 1590, but war broke out following his death.

Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated the rival Western Army in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 and was appointed shogun (military governor of Japan). The Tokugawa shogunate began the isolationist sakoku (locked country) policy that spanned the two and a half centuries of tenuous political unity known as the Edo period.

In 1854, the US Navy forced the opening of Japan to the outside world. Ensuing economic and political crises led to the Boshin War and the establishment of a centralised state unified under the name of Emperor Meiji.

The Meiji period (1868-1912) saw major economic and social changes, which in turn transforming Japan into an industrialised world power that embarked on a number of military conflicts to expand the nation's sphere of influence, including two Sino-Japanese Wars (1894-1895 and 1937-1945) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905).

On 7 December 1941, Japan attacked the US naval base in Pearl Harbor, followed by a declaration of war against the allied forces. This act brought the US into WWII and, on 8 December, the Allied forces consisting of the USA, UK, Netherlands and several other countries declared war on Japan. After the devastating atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, Japan surrendered. The war cost Japan millions of lives and left much of the country's industry and infrastructure destroyed.

Japan later achieved exceptional growth to become one of the world's most powerful economies in the 1970s. In the early years of the 1990s, the Japanese economic bubble burst, ushering in an era known as the 'lost decade' – an economic crisis from which the country has only recovered in recent years.

The 2011 earthquake, which occurred off the coast of Japan and unleashed a devastating tsunami on the Tōhoku region, still looms large in the country's memory. It killed nearly 16,000 people and triggered equipment failures at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, which resulted in the largest nuclear meltdown since the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.

Did you know?
• Napping on the job may be frowned upon in many countries, but snoozing at work is acceptable in Japan. The practice, known as inemuri, is used to demonstrate the sleeper's dedication to their work.
• Melons are big business in Japan, with the rare black Densuke watermelon, grown only on Hokkaido, selling for around ¥28,000.
• Vending machines can be found at almost every street corner in Japan. They sell everything from batteries and rice to beer.

Religion

Shintoism and Buddhism are the most common religions (most Japanese follow both religions, although religion does not play a major everyday role in most Japanese lives). Marriages are traditionally conducted at Shinto shrines and funerals at Buddhist temples, as Shintoism sees death as impure.

Christians aren't common - only about one percent of Japan's population consider themselves Christians.

Social Conventions

Japanese manners and customs are vastly different from those of Western people. A strict code of behaviour and politeness is recognised and followed by almost everyone. However, Japanese people do not expect visitors to be familiar with all their customs but do expect them to behave formally and politely.

A straightforward refusal traditionally does not form part of Japanese etiquette, and a vague 'yes' does not always mean 'yes'. (The visitor may be comforted to know that confusion caused by non-committal replies occurs among Japanese too.)

When entering a Japanese home, shoes must be removed. Bowing is the customary greeting, but handshaking is becoming more common for business meetings with Westerners. The honorific suffix 'san' should be used when addressing all men and women; for instance, Mr Yamada would be addressed as Yamada-san.

Table manners are very important, although the Japanese host will be very tolerant towards a visitor. However, it is best if visitors familiarise themselves with basic table etiquette and use chopsticks. Exchange of gifts is also a common business practice and may take the form of souvenir items such as company pens, ties or high-quality spirits.

Best Time To Visit:

The climate in Japan is mostly temperate with four distinct seasons, except for the Hokkaido area and the Okinawa region.

Tokyo, on the main Honshu island, has a humid subtropical climate characterised by warm and wet summers and mild winters. January is usually the coldest month with temperatures averaging 5°C (41°F) while August is the hottest month with an average high reaching 31°C (88°F). The summer heat, along with high humidity levels, can make travelling uncomfortable. Precipitation in Tokyo amounts to 1,530mm (60in) a year, meaning rainfall is abundant (especially from June to October), so umbrellas or raincoats are essential. For more information, see the weather in Tokyo and the best time to go guide.

Hokkaido, the northernmost island, is also Japan's coldest region. Winters are long and harsh with plenty of snowfall, making it a prime destination for snow sports. Ski resorts here often open from early December to April. Sapporo, Hokkaido's capital and host of the 1972 Winter Olympic Games, has an average temperature of -3°C (27°F) in February, so wrap up warm if you visit during this period.

On the other hand, the Okinawa prefecture is about 1,600km (1,000mi) south of Tokyo. The archipelago here enjoys a sub-tropical climate with very mild but rainy winters. Summers here are long, usually lasting from May to September, with average highs swing between 27-32°C (81-90°F).

Typhoons can hit Japan, most likely during August and September but can occur from June to October. They bring strong winds and torrential rains. Powerful typhoons may damage buildings and cause transport disruptions. There is a danger of landslides in rural areas too.

In general, the best time to visit Japan is from March to May, and from late September to November. April is recommended for visitors who are after the spectacular views of cherry blossoms. Equally, October is the month for those in search of colourful autumnal leaves. Most visitors avoid the summer months as they are rainy and muggy.

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Required Clothing

In Japan, lightweight cottons and linens are required throughout summer in most areas. To avoid sunstroke and sunburn, it is advisable to wear a hat. Summer is also the wettest period in many parts of Japan, so take an umbrella or a raincoat.

Depending on the region, light to medium weight clothing is best during spring and autumn, while medium to heavyweight clothing is recommended for winter months.

Much warmer clothes will be needed in the mountains all year round. Thermal innerwear is recommended if trekking, climbing or skiing.

Dialing Code:

+81

Area(sq km):

377915

Population:

126,476,461

Population Density(per sq km):

335

Population Year:

2020

EU Member:

No

Main emergency number

119