Kyrgyzstan Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Bishkek.

Geography:

The landlocked nation of Kyrgyzstan is bordered to the north by Kazakhstan, to the west by Uzbekistan, and to the south and east by Tajikistan and China. The majestic Tien Shan (Heavenly Mountains) range occupies the greater part of the area and 90% of the country stands above 1,500m, with 71% above 2,000m. The highest peak in Kyrgyzstan is Pik Pobedy at 7,439m (24,406ft) and the lowest point is Kara-Daryya at 132m (433ft). Kyrgyzstan is also home to several sizeable lakes, by far the largest being Lake Issyk-Kul in the northwest of the country, which stands at 1,606m (5,269 ft) above sea level and is the second largest alpine lake in the world. The climate is extreme and varied, ranging from dry continental to polar in the high Tien Shan, from subtropical in the southwest to temperate in the northern foothill zone.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

The national carrier is Air Kyrgyzstan (www.air.kg), which has international flights to China, Russia and Uzbekistan. Aeroflot (www.aeroflot.com) operates a direct flight from Moscow, with connections available from the UK and the USA. Pegasus Airlines (www.flypgs.com) and Turkish Airlines (www.turkishairlines.com) fly from Istanbul to Bishkek. Both also offer connecting flights from the UK.

Departure Tax

Included in the air fare.

Flight Times

From London - 10 hours (including stopover); New York - 15 hours (including stopover).

Getting There By Road

The main international road links are with Kazakhstan. There are several crossings with Uzbekistan but these can close without notice from time to time. Although there are several road links with Tajikistan, not all are open to foreign nationals. Of the two road links with China, only the one via Irkeshtam is technically open to foreigners. The other route over the Torugart Pass requires special permission that is only granted if pre-arranged transport is organised to meet travellers on the other side of the border.

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

There are internal connections from Bishkek to Batken, Kerben, Jalal-Abad and Osh. Air Bishkek (www.airbishkek.kg) and Avia Traffic (www.aero.kg) operate domestic flights. 

Flying between Bishkek and Osh, Jalal-Abad or Batken is much faster than travelling by road and not much more expensive (but see warning below). Access to the Central Tien-Shan region is via helicopter, which takes climbers up the Inylchek Valley.

Air Travel Note

The British Foreign and Commonwealth Office advises against using any domestic Kyrgyz airline as they are banned within the EU because they do not meet international safety standards.

Bike

Travelling by bike in Kyrgyzstan is only for the adventurous: the terrain is mountainous, distances are great, roads are bad and drivers sometimes reckless. Nevertheless, it can be highly rewarding for those with determination and stamina. Freebike (www.freebike.kg) in Bishkek hires out mountain bikes.

Car Hire

Car hire is available at Bishkek airport but outside Bishkek car hire is not easy to find. It's possible to hire cars with drivers for long-distance journeys and this can be good value if the other seats are filled. Foreigners may be expected to pay in US Dollars.

Coach

Regular bus services operate between Bishkek and Karakol, and between Bishkek and other towns in the Chui valley. Otherwise, the main type of long-distance travel is by minibus or shared taxi.

Documentation

A valid national licence or an International Driving Permit is required.

Getting Around By Rail

There is only one domestic railway line, an unreliable and slow, summer-only service that runs from Bishkek to Balykchy at the western end of Lake Issyk-Kul.

Regulations

Seat belts should be worn. The legal blood alcohol level for driving is zero. Speed limits are generally 60kph (37mph) in cities and 90kph (56mph) in the countryside. Foreign drivers may face harassment from traffic police. Avoid driving at night.

Getting Around By Road

Visitors should note that roads are poorly maintained and badly signposted in Cyrillic script. Many are badly potholed.

Road Classification

The main routes run east and west from Bishkek along the Chui Valley; around the shoreline of Lake Issyk-Kul; south from Kara Balta to Jalal-Abad and Osh, and south from Balykchy to Naryn and the Torugart Pass.

Road Quality

The main north-south route between Bishkek and Jalal-Abad is in poor condition in places and involves passing over the 3,000m (9,800ft) Too-Ashuu Pass and through a claustrophobic 3km (1.9-mile) tunnel south of Kara-Balta. The road that goes around Lake Issyk-Kul is mostly in reasonable condition. Many minor roads are really best suited to 4-wheel drives.

Generally, roads can be affected by landslides (especially during spring in the mountain areas), while winter may cause hazardous conditions on a number of roads (especially on mountain passes, some of which may be closed during certain periods); visitors should also note that garage services are very limited.

Side Of Road

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Taxi

Taxis are generally cheap and can be found in all major towns and even some small villages. Many are unlicensed, and you should agree fares in advance. As many of the street names, particularly in the capital, have changed since independence, visitors are advised to ask for both the old and the new names when seeking directions. In the major cities, dial-up taxi services tend to be a little more expensive but safer and more reliable.

Urban Travel

There are bus and trolleybus services around the capital. Minibuses cost slightly more but are still cheap and charge a flat fare. All urban transport is invariably crowded and routes are often hard to follow. Both buses and minibuses are reasonably safe although there can be problems with theft.

Travel Advice

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of Kyrgyzstan's current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Kyrgyzstan set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Kyrgyz Embassy in the UK.

Passport validity requirements

If you're visiting or resident in Kyrgyzstan, your passport must have an 'expiry date' at least 6 months after the day you arrive.

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

Visa requirements

You can enter Kyrgyzstan as a visitor for stays of up to 60 days without a visa. You must not stay more than 60 days in any 120-day period.

To stay longer, or to work or study, see more information on the available visa types.

Applying for a visa

The Kyrgyzstan Ministry of Foreign Affairs has introduced an e-visa service you can use for these visa types.  

For visits of more than 60 days

If you're visiting Kyrgyzstan for more than 60 days, you must register online with the State Registration Service (SRS) (in Kyrgyz and Russian). You must register within 5 days of your entry into Kyrgyzstan for the period of your visa's validity.      

If you're staying with someone who owns a property in Kyrgyzstan for longer than 60 days, you and the property owner must register at the State Registration Service, see information on registration in English.

If you stay for more than your registered period, you could be fined.

Vaccine requirements

For details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Kyrgyzstan guide.

Kyrgyz-British dual nationality

Kyrgyzstan does not recognise dual nationality. If you enter Kyrgyzstan on a Kyrgyz passport, the British Embassy will only be able to provide limited consular assistance. If you're arrested or detained, the Kyrgyz authorities are unlikely to allow you to get help from the British Embassy.

Entering or leaving by a land border

Land border crossings can be subject to sudden closure, and foreigners may experience difficulty crossing, check ahead to see if you are able to cross on the e-visa website under Important information.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of Kyrgyzstan (in Russian). You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

You should also read FCDO's overall travel advice and regional risks advice.

Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Kyrgyzstan

Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places visited by foreign nationals such as:

• international hotels, restaurants and pubs
• religious sites and places of worship
• shopping centres and crowded places
• embassies and government buildings
• sporting and cultural events
• transport hubs

Stay aware of your surroundings, keep up to date with local media reports and follow the advice of local authorities.

Political situation

Demonstrations happen regularly in Bishkek and elsewhere across the country. Most demonstrations are peaceful but occasionally turn violent, sometimes with little or no warning. On 17 and 18 May 2024, 41 people were injured in Bishkek in Kyrgyz protests against South Asian migrant workers and students.

Avoid crowds and demonstrations, check for updates on local media and follow the advice of local authorities.

Crime

Protecting yourself and your belongings

Street crime is a risk, including bag-snatching and mugging. Take care if you go out alone, and consider using private cars or pre-arranged taxis at night.

Do not show large amounts of money and be wary of strangers offering help or being over-friendly.

Be careful when using currency exchange offices and visiting the bazaars in Bishkek, particularly Osh Bazaar, where pickpockets target tourists.

Sexual assault

There have been cases of sexual assault and harassment, including on public transport.

Drink and food spiking

Drink spiking can happen in nightclubs and bars. Do not leave your drink or food unattended. See TravelAware 'Stick with your mates' for tips and advice.

Laws and cultural differences

Kyrgyzstan has a secular constitution. Most Kyrgyz people are Muslim. Respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions. Make sure your actions do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs, especially during the holy month of Ramadan or when you visit religious sites.

Personal ID

You must always carry your passport, or a notarised copy of it. The police can arrest you if you do not carry ID. You can get a copy of your passport notarised in the UK and translated into Kyrgyz or Russian, or use a copy notarised in Kyrgyzstan.

Illegal drugs and prison sentences

It is illegal to possess or use drugs. You could get a lengthy prison sentence if convicted. Prison conditions are basic.

The police conduct regular drug raids in bars and night clubs. Police will be masked and armed. Stay calm and follow instructions. If you are not carrying and have not taken drugs you are normally asked for identification and then allowed to leave.

E-cigarettes

It is illegal to bring e-cigarettes, vaping devices and solutions into Kyrgyzstan or to buy and sell them. Customs officials will confiscate these items; and they could fine or detain you.

Using cameras and drones in secure areas

It is illegal to take photos of or use drones near anything related to the military or security, including border checkpoints, military sites and police stations. Check carefully that you are not near any military or security facilities.

Check if you can import and use your model of drone with the Kyrgyz Embassy.

Social media

Be careful when posting images of your visit on social media as offence can be taken. Take particular care with images or comments about public buildings, the Kyrgyz flag, national food or customs. Disrespectful content could result in fines or detention.

LGBT+ travellers

Same-sex relationships are legal but not often discussed or recognised publicly. Showing affection in public could result in a violent attack or unwanted attention. Same sex marriages are not recognised in Kyrgyz law.

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Power cuts

There are frequent power cuts throughout Kyrgyzstan during the winter.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

Trekking and mountaineering

Trekking in Kyrgyzstan often involves travelling to very remote areas. There is a high risk of avalanches, landslides and rockfalls. Weather can change very quickly, and heavy snowfall can block roads and trekking routes, particularly in the autumn and winter.

At higher altitudes there is a possibility of snow even in the summer months, and a risk of sunstroke, serious sunburn and altitude sickness.

You should:

• get adequate insurance, including for any activity at high altitude
• use a reputable trekking agency
• let someone know when you plan to return
• not trek alone
• adapt your plans to reflect local conditions and advice

In remote areas, mobile phone or satellite phone coverage can be extremely limited. Medical facilities are basic, and difficult terrain can in some circumstances make it impossible for emergency services to reach you.

There is a basic mountain rescue service staffed by volunteers. The rescue equipment they have is limited. Mountain rescue 24-hour emergency number: +996 312 651 404.

Transport risks

Road travel 

If you're planning to drive a hire car or a UK vehicle, see information on driving abroad. 

You can use a UK photocard driving licence to drive in Kyrgyzstan for up to 30 days. If you still have a paper driving licence, you may need to update it to a photocard licence or get the correct version of the international driving permit (IDP) as well.

You're legally required to have third-party insurance. For more information, contact insurance companies in Kyrgyzstan.

Hire car companies often have stricter requirements for their customers, such as a minimum of one year of driving experience, a higher minimum age and holding an IDP.

Drink-driving is a serious offence in Kyrgyzstan. If you are tested and found to have any alcohol in your system, you may be fined and have your licence revoked for 1 year.

If the police stop you and issue a fine, they should give you a paper copy with instructions on how to pay. You can pay fines through a payment terminal or in a bank. Do not pay cash directly to police officers, although some may have a payment terminal you can use. Some fines may be reduced if you pay quickly. Payment terminals are available on streets and other places such as malls, grocery stores, kiosks and restaurants.

Driving safety

Many roads are poorly lit and not maintained, with road works or damaged roads often not clearly signposted. Watch out for pedestrians as they often have a low awareness of road safety. Roads outside of Bishkek are often blocked by snow in winter.

Take extra care when driving, particularly over long distances and avoid giving lifts to hitchhikers. Drivers have been robbed by people they picked up.

Road conditions can be poor in and around Bishkek, wherever possible use main roads when travelling.

Petrol stations are limited in rural areas and diesel is often unavailable. Make sure you take all you need for your journey.

Taxis and buses

Avoid flagging down taxis. Use pre-ordered  taxi services, which are more reputable and have English-speaking dispatchers.

Avoid using local buses and minibuses if possible. They are not always maintained properly and pickpockets operate on them.

Air travel   

In May 2022, the UK sanctioned Aeroflot, Rossiya Airlines and Ural Airlines. It is now illegal under UK law for any British national or British company to do business with these airlines. This includes buying flight tickets.

The UK Air Safety List (ASL) lists all known airlines in Kyrgyzstan that do not meet international safety standards and are banned from operating commercial air services to, from, and within the UK. Check the UK Air Safety List when considering which airlines to fly with. The list is maintained by the Department for Transport, based on advice from the UK Civil Aviation Authority.

Check whether your tour operator has concerns about airlines in Kyrgyzstan.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards.

Earthquakes

There is a high risk of earthquakes and tremors are frequent. Familiarise yourself with safety procedures and follow advice from local authorities. The US Federal Emergency Management Agency has information about what to do before, during and after an earthquake.

Avalanches and landslides

In the mountains, avalanches and landslides often block roads, particularly in the spring.

This section has safety advice for regions of Kyrgyzstan. It only covers regions where FCDO has specific advice.

You should also read FCDO's overall travel advice and safety and security advice.

Osh and Jalal-Abad provinces

Stay aware of your surroundings if you travel to the provinces ('oblasts') of Osh and Jalal-Abad. While there has been no widespread violence since the ethnic clashes in 2010, there are still underlying tensions between the local Kyrgyz and Uzbek populations, particularly south and west of the city of Osh.

Border with Tajikistan, including Batken Province

There is a risk of conflict over recognition of the border with Tajikistan. There have been security incidents along the border including with exchanges of gunfire.

In September 2022, armed conflict between the Kyrgyz and Tajik militaries resulted in over 100 deaths, including civilians. There was significant destruction of civilian property and infrastructure. Around 140,000 civilians were displaced. There is a risk of further violence and border closures at any time. Unexploded landmines and weapons remain a risk.

Border with Uzbekistan

There are occasional violent incidents on Kyrgyzstan's border with Uzbekistan. There is also a risk of landmines in these border areas.

Border crossings

Crossing the borders  can be complex, take local advice if you're planning on crossing.

Check local media reports before you travel to see which border posts are open. Only use officially recognised border crossings. Border crossings can close at short notice, particularly the Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan border near the Vorukh enclave.

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Call 103 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Kyrgyzstan
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Kyrgyzstan.

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Kyrgyzstan. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro.

There have been several cases of anthrax, mainly in the south due to insufficient vaccination of animals. 

Medication

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

Basic medicines including painkillers are available without a prescription. Most UK prescriptions are accepted in Kyrgyzstan, but you should phone a Kyrgyz pharmacy in advance to check. You may need to get your UK prescription translated into Russian or Kyrgyz. You can get a translation in Kyrgyzstan – find an interpreter or translator.

Some prescription medications are not widely available. Medications often come under different brand names, so ask for the drug's generic name. If your medication is not available, you may be able to get it couriered from Russia or Turkey, though this could take time.

You may need to pay cash for medication.

Healthcare in Kyrgyzstan

Medical facilities in Kyrgyzstan are not as developed as those in the UK. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad and repatriation.

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Kyrgyzstan where some staff will speak English.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in Kyrgyzstan

Ambulance: 103

Fire: 101 

Police: 102

Rescue and emergency: 112

Tourist police in Issyk-Kul Province

If you are in Issyk-Kul Oblast (province) and need help, you can call the tourist police call centre, where the staff speak English and Russian, or message on WhatsApp, on +996 705 00 91 02.

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding English-speaking lawyers, funeral directors and translators and interpreters in Kyrgyzstan
• dealing with a death in Kyrgyzstan
• being arrested or imprisoned in Kyrgyzstan
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you're affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow and contact FCDO: 

• travel advice on X

• travel advice on Facebook

Risk information for British companies

If you're considering investing or doing business in Kyrgyzstan, it is important to research carefully.

Although there are British companies operating successfully in Kyrgyzstan, there have been instances of British people getting into difficulties. This includes having assets stolen or being physically attacked. See Kyrgyzstan's ranking in the Transparency International Global Corruption Index.

The Kyrgyz legal system can be slow and getting judgements implemented can be very difficult. The British Embassy is not able to get involved (including offering advice) in private disputes over property, employment, commercial or other matters.

Business associations in Kyrgyzstan may be able to offer you advice. If you get into difficulties due to the actions of state bodies, you can also contact the Kyrgyzstan ombudsman (in Russian and Kyrgyz).  

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Malaria	Sometimes
Diphtheria	Yes
Hepatitis A	Yes
Tetanus	Yes
Typhoid	Yes
Rabies	Sometimes
Yellow Fever	No

Overview:

Medical services offered to foreigners, except emergency care, require immediate cash payment and are somewhat limited. There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies and travellers are advised to bring any necessary medication or equipment. Elderly travellers and those with existing health problems may be at risk owing to inadequate medical facilities. The US Embassy maintains a list of English-speaking physicians in the area. Medical insurance is strongly recommended.

Food Drink:

The water has been tested by the US-based Center for Diseases Control and found to be generally bacteria-free; however, it does have a high metal content and bottled or boiled water is preferable. Milk is pasteurised and dairy products are safe for consumption. Only eat well-cooked meat and fish. Vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled. Owing to the difficulty of obtaining a balanced diet in some parts of Kyrgyzstan, visitors are advised to take vitamin supplements.

Other Risks:

Hepatitis B and E occur. Rabies is present. For those at high risk, vaccination before arrival should be considered. If you are bitten, seek medical advice without delay. Tuberculosis, brucellosis and meningitis are common to Kyrgyzstan. Altitude sickness is a threat above 2,500m (8,202 ft).

Currency Information:

Kyrgyz Som (KGS; symbol лв) = 100 tyin. Notes are in denominations of лв1,000, 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1, and 50, 10 and 1 tyin. Coins exist in denominations of 1,3, 5 and 10 som, and 10 and 50 tyin.

Credit Cards:

Credit cards are accepted in some of the larger hotels and restaurants in Bishkek and can also be used at banks to withdraw cash from the counter. They are of little value outside the main cities. ATMs exist but are hardly commonplace in Bishkek or Osh and even less so elsewhere.

ATMs:

ATMs are easy enough to find in Bishkek, although smaller cities like Jalal-Abad and Osh have far fewer. Some ATMs issue US dollars as well as Kyrgyz Som.

Travellers Cheques:

There is limited acceptance of these, but some banks in Bishkek accept traveller's cheques, with US Dollars probably the best option; commission charges are high. Cash is recommended, with US dollars in the form of US$50 and US$100 bills being the most readily accepted.

Banking Hours:

Usually Mon-Fri 0930-1730.

Currency Restrictions:

There are no restrictions on the import or export of local or foreign currency. However, amounts exceeding US$10,000 or equivalent must be declared.

Currency Exchange:

Foreign currencies can be exchanged at commercial banks and at authorised bureaux de change. The US Dollar is the easiest currency to exchange.

Currencies

Code	Symbol
KGS	лв

Exchange Rates

72.44

86.18

69.37

Language

The official language is Kyrgyz, a Turkic language closely related to Uzbek, Kazakh, Turkmen and Turkish. Any attempt by a foreigner to speak Kyrgyz will be greatly appreciated. In deference to the Russian population of Kyrgyzstan, Russian is also protected under law. Kyrgyz is written using an adapted Cyrillic script similar to Russian. Meanwhile, most people can speak Russian, and do so, especially in the north. English is widely spoken by those involved in tourism. Uzbek, Kazakh, Tajik, Korean and various other regional languages and dialects are also spoken.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

.

List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2024-01-01 00:00:00	0
Russian Orthodox Christmas Day	2024-01-07 00:00:00	0
International Women's Day	2024-03-08 00:00:00	0
Nowruz (Persian New Year)	2024-03-20 00:00:00	0
Orozo Ait (End of Ramadan)	2024-04-10 00:00:00	0
Labour Day	2024-05-01 00:00:00	0
Constitution Day	2024-05-05 00:00:00	0
Victory Day	2024-05-09 00:00:00	0
Kurban Ait (Feast of Sacrifice)	2024-06-16 00:00:00	0
Independence Day	2024-08-31 00:00:00	0

Note:

Muslim festivals are timed according to local sightings of various phases of the moon and the dates given below are approximations. During the lunar month of Ramadan that precedes Orozo Ait (End of Ramadan), Muslims fast during the day and feast at night and normal business patterns may be interrupted. Some disruption may continue into Orozo Ait itself. Orozo Ait and Kurban Ait (Feast of Sacrifice) may last up to several days, depending on the region.

Overview:

The following goods may be imported into Kyrgyzstan by travellers aged 18 and over without incurring customs duty:

• 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 250g of tobacco.

• 3L of alcoholic beverages.

• Other goods for personal use up to the value of €500 and up to 25kg (by land) or up to the value of €10,000 weighing no more than 50kg in total (by air).

On entering the country, you must complete a customs declaration form which you need to retain until departure, and then hand over on the international flight. This allows the import of articles intended for personal use, including currency and valuables which you must register on the declaration form. Customs inspection can be long and detailed.

.

Banned Imports:

Military weapons and ammunition (subject to special permit), narcotics, fruit and vegetables, live animals (subject to special permit), and photographs and printed matter directed against Kyrgyzstan.

Telephone:

International calls should be made from a telephone office which will usually be found attached to a post office; they can also be made from some hotels by asking at reception, although these can be expensive. All international calls from Kyrgyzstan have to go through the operator. IP international calls can be made from some internet cafes, which are a much cheaper option than using Kyrgyz Telecom. Local calls (within the city) are free of charge if made from private telephones; hotels sometimes levy a small charge. Direct-dial calls within the CIS are obtained by dialling 8 and waiting for another dial tone and then dialling the city code followed by the number.

Mobile Telephone:

Roaming agreements exist with most international mobile phone companies. Buying a local SIM card for your phone is easy, although nationwide coverage is patchy.

Internet:

There are internet cafes available in Bishkek and major cities, with limited access elsewhere. They are inexpensive but connections outside Bishkek are sometimes very slow.

Post

The postal service to and from Western Europe and the USA is reasonably reliable but can take anything between two weeks and two months. Stamped envelopes can be bought from post offices. Mail to recipients within Kyrgyzstan should be addressed in the following order: country, postcode, city, street, house number and, lastly, the person's name. Visitors can also use post offices located within some major hotels. Express mail may also be sent using the reliable but pricier services of DHL or Federal Express.

Post Office Hours:

Mon-Fri 0900-1800.

Media:

There is a reasonable degree of freedom of the press. Slovo Kyrgyzstana is a national government-owned Russian-language paper published three times a week, while the Kyrgyz-language Respublika and Russian language Vecherniy Bishkek are both privately owned dailies. The main English-language newspaper in the country is the twice-weekly Bishkek-based Times of Central Asia (www.times.kg). Weekly English-language newspapers include the Bishkek Observer, Kyrgyzstan Chronicle and Zaman Kyrgyzstan.

The state-run Kyrgyz National TV and Radio Broadcasting Corporation has two networks in Kyrgyz and Russian. There are also a few private channels like Piramida, NTS and Osh TV.

British newspapers like The Times can sometimes be found at newsstands and upmarket hotels in Bishkek but they tend to be at least two days old.

Seek out Solomon’s Mount for picturesque panoramas

The city of Osh in the south of the country has a central rocky outcrop known locally as Solomon's Throne because the legendary king was once supposed to have slept here. The top is marked with a small shrine called Babur's House, an important pilgrimage site for Uzbeks.

Watch eagle hunting at Bokonbaevo

Hunting with eagles is an ancient Kyrgyz tradition that is in danger of dying out. The small town of Bokonbaevo on Lake Issyk-Kul's southern shore is one of the best places to see this in action and demonstrations can be arranged with the local CBT (Community Based Tourism) coordinator.

Marvel at the Manas Ordu Complex

Close to the town of Talas is a large memorial complex dedicated to Manas, the legendary 10th-century Kyrgyz hero. Although it is unclear whether or not Manas is actually buried here, there is a mausoleum here that is a place of great reverence to most Kyrgyz.

Seek out the striking Burana Tower

South of Tokmok, though close enough to Bishkek for a day excursion, this tower is actually a minaret – all that remains of the 10th-century Karakhanid city of Balasagun. As well as the tower and visitor centre the site also has an interesting array of balbals, Turkic stone grave markers.

Dare to climb Central Tien Shan

Central Tien-Shan, in the far east of the country, is for the truly intrepid as it contains the nation's two highest peaks. Access is usually by helicopter and offers challenging mountaineering and glacier walks. For experienced climbers only, a trek in Tien Shan will reward with a disappearing lake and supposed UFO landing site. Mountaineering and border permits are required.

Horse ride to Lake Song-kol

The beautiful 3,000m-high (9,840ft) Song-Kol is the jewel in the crown of Kyrgyzstan's gorgeous mountain scenery. Visit in the summer when horse treks to the lake can be arranged from Kochkor and a stay in a yurt to complete the experience. Community Based Tourism can help arrange horse treks to Song-Kol.

Swim in Lake Issyk-Kul

Relax on Cholpon-Ata beach after a swim in Lake Issyk-Kul, the second highest alpine lake in the world. Meaning "warm lake" in Kyrgyz (it is said never to freeze over), Lake Issyk-Kul is popular come summer and the nearby valleys make for enjoyable walking. Once you've dried off, head for a spot of karaoke on the town's main street.

Trek the Altyn Arashan Valley

A number of treks start in Karakol, the major town near Lake Issyk-Kul. The most popular is the three-day hike around the Altyn Arashan Valley. The path is easy to follow and can be done without a guide, and although day two is hard going, the views from the highest point of the trek make the effort worthwhile. 

Get pampered at Jeti-Ögüz Sanatorium

One of Issyk-Kul's last remaining spas, the Jeti-Ögüz sanatorium offers its guests Kyrgyz-style pampering. Aside from the massages, pools, and surrounding red rock formations, it's worth a visit just to wander around the eerie building that could be lifted straight from a David Lynch film.

Uncover Uzbek petroglyphs

There are petroglyphs all over Kyrgyzstan but some of the most accessible can be seen close to Cholpon-Ata, near Lake Issyk-Kul. Alternatively, visit the Saimaluu-Tash collection, where there are thousands of prehistoric rock carvings spread across two glacial marines. It was a sacred site as early as 2000BC and is still revered by people of the Tien Shan today.

Bag a bargain at Osh market

The chaotic swell of people that duck and weave around Osh market make it one of Kyrgyzstan's main attractions. It's one of the largest in Central Asia and an excellent place to people watch or buy souvenirs, fruits, spices and everything else under the sun.

Absorb Arslanbob's natural beauty

The walnut forests surrounding the ethnic Uzbek village of Arslanbob in the Jalal-Abad province are among the largest in the world and central to the local economy. The landscape here is exceptionally beautiful and perfect for summer hiking, skiing in winter or simply walking. Stop for a drink in the main square and watch the locals play chess.

Take a camera and capture the colours of Sary-Chelek

The Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve has the best environmental elements of Kyrgyzstan in one place, with a series of forests, meadows and lakes. Central to this large biosphere reserve, which is home to more than 1,000 species of plants and 160 species of bird, is the beautiful cobalt-blue lake of Sary-Chelek. Visit in autumn when the leaves turn yellow.

Hike to Tash Rabat

This isolated monument is probably Kyrgyzstan's most remarkable Silk Road site. Half-buried on a hillside some 3,500m up (11,483ft), this former caravanserai was built in the 15th century on the site of what may have been a Nestorian Christian monastery. As well as being an attraction in itself, Tash Rabat is a great starting point for hiking.

Explore the spectacular Ala-Archa Canyon

South of Bishkek, and within easy reach of the capital for day trips, this rugged valley of alpine meadows, pine forest, towering mountain peaks and fast-flowing streams offers superb scenery within the confines of a national park. Whether you want to hike, rock climb or ski, do so surrounded by natural beauty.

Stroll the boulevards of Bishkek

The Kyrgyzstan capital is a relaxed city with wide boulevards, leafy parks and clear views of the snow-capped Ala-Too mountain range to the south. Although specific sights are limited, the city is a pleasant place to wander, with good hotels and restaurants and interesting museums like the State Historical Museum.

Overview

In Bishkek, Osh and Alamedin bazaars are popular for food and handicrafts. There are several souvenir crafts shops and galleries along Chui and Manas Avenue and also a shop in the Art Gallery that sells paintings and traditional Kyrgyz products. One of the most authentic souvenirs to bring back from Kyrgyzstan is an embroidered shyrdak, the traditional Kyrgyz felt rug used in yurts. Also popular are embroidered Kyrgyz felt hats (kalpak), leather items, jewellery and chess sets with traditional Kyrgyz figures. Traditional handicrafts produced by Kyrgyzstan’s Community Based Tourism initiative (www.cbtkyrgyzstan.kg) can be purchased at their Bishkek outlet at Gorky 65. TsUM, Bishkek’s main department store, also has a decent selection of local crafts and souvenirs on its fourth floor. Antiques, or anything over 30 years old, require a special export certificate.

Opening Hours

Mon-Sat 0900-1800, usually closing for an hour at lunch between 1300 and 14.00. Bishkek's main bazaars are busiest at weekends, especially Sundays.

Overview

Kyrgyz food reflects its location and history, with its main influences drawn from the necessities of a nomadic life in a relatively harsh climate. Mutton features prominently, as do wheat products like bread and noodles. Slavic colonisation has also meant that typical Russian dishes feature prominently too, especially in the north of the country. Other important influences come from China, Korea and Uzbekistan. The choice of food in the capital, Bishkek, is much wider, with restaurants serving cuisine from all over the world from countries such as Italy, India, Turkey and Georgia.

Regional Specialities

Tipping

This is becoming more customary, especially in international hotels and smart Bishkek restaurants. 10% is sufficient. Elsewhere, just round up the bill slightly.

Drinking Age

None.

Hotels

Hotels in Kyrgyzstan can be hard to find outside Bishkek and major cities like Osh, Jalal-Abad, Karakol and Naryn. While the capital has a decent range of large four-star establishments and smaller boutique affairs some provincial towns often only have time-worn survivors from the Soviet period.

Camping Caravaning

Various private companies run a number of camps for mountaineers attempting to climb the many peaks in Kyrgyzstan's mountains.

Other

History

The region now known as Kyrgyzstan has seen many invasions and colonisations over the centuries. First settled during the pre-historic period, it became home to Scythian clans during the 1st millennium BC before coming under the control of various Turkic alliances from the 6th century onwards, a period in which the region prospered from its prime location on the Silk Road between China and Europe. Islam arrived with Arab invaders in the 8th century but the Arabs did not stay long and the region came under the control of the Karakhanid dynasty based in Bokhara shortly afterwards.

Kyrgyz tribes started to arrive from southern Siberia sometime around the 10th century, although they soon fell victim to Genghis Khan’s Mongol horde that was plundering and devastating vast tracts of Central Asia at this time. The Kyrgyz later became subjects of the Chinese and the Uzbek Kokand Khanate until Russian Tsarists colonised the region in the early 19th century.

Kirgizia, as it was formerly known, became part of the Soviet Union in 1922 and remained an autonomous republic within the USSR until independence in 1991 when it seceded along with many other former Soviet republics. The first president of the newly formed Kyrgyz Republic, Askar Akayev, managed to remain in power for 16 years before being ousted in a landslide victory in 2005 following widespread demonstrations against high levels of poverty and alleged political corruption. The victor of this so-called ‘Tulip Revolution’ was Kurmanbek Bakiyev, who served as president until 2010 when widespread violent protests forced him to leave the country. These same protests also triggered ethnic violence between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in the south of the country resulting in hundreds of deaths and thousands fleeing as refugees.

The new president, Almazbek Atambayev came to power in December 2011.

Religion

The major religion is Islam with 80% of Kyrgyzstan's citizens being Sunni Muslim. Christian and Russian Orthodox minorities make up a further 17%, with 3% following other religions..

Social Conventions

Hospitality is an important component of Kyrgyz life and guests are highly honoured, especially in rural households. If invited to a Kyrgyz home or yurt a small gift is appreciated. Shoes should always be removed at the threshold. Kyrgyzstan is a fairly conservative country and handshaking should take place between men but not between men and women. At a meal, bread should be treated respectfully and never put on the floor or casually discarded. Food is eaten with the right hand only. Bride-kidnapping, although now officially illegal, is still practised in parts of the country.

Best Time To Visit:

The best time to visit Kyrgyzstan is between May and October as getting around outside this period can be difficult. Trekking is best between June and September, although July and August are the busiest times for foreign visitors. The south of the country, and even Bishkek, can be uncomfortably warm at this time of year, so if these are the prime destinations to be visited, spring or autumn may be a better choice.

.

Dialing Code:

+996

Area(sq km):

199951

Population:

6.524.195

Population Density(per sq km):

28

Population Year:

2020

EU Member:

No

Main emergency number

103