Poland Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Warsaw.

Geography:

Poland shares borders with Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the east and northeast; Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; and Germany to the west. To the north lies the Baltic Sea.

The Baltic coast provides almost 525km (325 miles) of sandy beaches, bays and steep cliffs; between Gdańsk, and the port city of Szczecin to the west there are many seaside towns offering unpolluted water and some fine beaches, with sunbeds and umbrellas available for hire. These sand and gravel deposits also form the shifting dunes of Słowiński National Park, the sand bars of Hel and the Vistula Lagoon.

Northern Poland is dominated by lakes, islands and wooded hills joined by many rivers and canals. The Masurian Lake District to the northeast is a patchwork of lakes and forests with Lake Hańcza, the deepest lake in Poland, located here. The longest river, the 1,090km (675 mile) Vistula, or Wisła, rises in the Tatra mountains and empties into the Baltic, cutting a wide valley between the capital, Warsaw in the heart of the country, to Gdańsk on the coast.

The rest of the country rises slowly to the Sudety mountains, which run along the border with the Czech Republic, and the Tatra Mountains, which separate Poland from Slovakia. To the west, the River Oder, with Szczecin at its mouth, forms the northwest border with Germany.

Poland counts almost two dozen national parks, covering an area of 3,200 sq km (1,235 sq miles), and including the oldest, Białowieża National Park, east of Warsaw on the border with Belarus, and one of the largest, Bieszczady National Park, part of the Carpathian mountain range.

These parks are home to European bison (the largest mammal in Europe), brown bears, lynx, wolves and even some wild horses. And Białowieża contains a fragment of the forest that once covered Europe prehistoric times, with some oaks dating back half a millennium. Polish forests are largely pine though, accounting for two-thirds of the total.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

Poland's national airline is LOT Polish Airlines (www.lot.com). Other airlines operating flights to Poland include easyJet (www.easyjet.com), Ryanair (www.ryanair.com) and Wizz (www.wizzair.com).

There’s no real seasonal variation in prices, but Poles are particularly family orientated and those based abroad return home on key (usually religious) holidays such as Christmas and especially Easter, so book ahead at these times.

Major airports are: Cracow John Paul II International Airport, Warsaw Chopin Airport, Poznan Lawica Airport, Rzeszow-Jasionka Airport, Wroclaw Copernicus Airport, Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport and Katowice International Airport.

Air Travel Note

Most international flights arrive at and depart from Warsaw Chopin Airport. A second airport, Warszawa-Modlin International Airport, serves low-cost carriers. Other important airports are at Cracow, Gdańsk, Poznań and Wrocław.

Departure Tax

None.

Flight Times

To Warsaw: from London - 2 hours 20 minutes; New York - 8 hours 10 minutes.

Getting There By Road

Poland shares a border with seven countries, so there are plenty of road crossings. There are more crossings with Germany and the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the west and the south than there are with Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and Russia to the north and northeast.

Up to a dozen different national and international bus companies offer services to/from European cities outside Poland. The biggest is Eurolines Polska (tel: +48 146 571 777; www.eurolinespolska.pl).

Getting There By Water

The Port of Gdańsk (www.portgdansk.pl) on the Gulf of Gdańsk is the largest Polish port and the main ferry hub for Poland in the Baltic. The Port of Gdynia (www.port.gdynia.pl), just north of Gdańsk, also welcomes ships, containers and cruise liners.

Larger cruise ships usually dock in Gydnia, about a 45-minute drive from the Old Town in Gdańsk. Some small ships may dock at Oliwskie Pier in Gdańsk, about 6km (4 miles) from the town centre.

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

LOT Polish Airlines (www.lot.com) and Ryanair (www.ryanair.com) operate domestic flights. There is a comprehensive network linking all major cities.

As in most European countries however, the train system is fairly comprehensive (at least between cities), and goes from centre to centre obviating long trips to and from airports.

Air Travel Note

Most airports are a manageable distance of between 10 and 20km (6 and 12 miles) from city centres, with the exception of those at Szczecin and Katowice.

Bike

Poland is a great place to get around by bicycle as most of the country is fairly flat and you can put your bike on the train to cover long distances more quickly. Dedicated cycle lanes are few and far between in most cities outside Warsaw, Cracow and Wrocław, but growing.

Breakdown Services

For roadside assistance, contact the Polish Automobile and Motorway Federation, Polski Związek Motorowy (PZM) (tel: 19637, in Poland only; www.pzm.pl).

Car Hire

Self-drive cars are available at the airport or through various car-hire offices in town centres. All major firms are available. The minimum age for hiring a car is 21; some go as high as 23 or even 25.

Coach

Poland has a comprehensive bus network run mostly by Polonus (tel: 703 403 403, in Poland only; www.pkspolonus.pl) that links up even the smallest village connected by road. But buses are useful on short routes only; trains are always quicker and more comfortable.

Documentation

Tourists travelling in their own cars should have vehicle registration documents, their national driving licence (driving licences of EU nationals are accepted) and third-party insurance documents. Green Card motor insurance is necessary for vehicles coming from outside the EU and Switzerland. An International Driving Permit is required for those from outside the EU.

Getting Around By Rail

Polskie Koleje Państwowe (PKP; Polish State Railways) (tel: 19757, in Poland only; www.pkp.pl) operates cheap and efficient InterCity trains and links all parts of the country in a network radiating from Warsaw. There are two classes of travel (1st class is 50% more expensive then 2nd) and trains are often classified as InterCity, express, ‘fast’ and ‘ordinary’ (or local). For comfort and speed stick to InterCity (IC) or express (Ex) routes.

Regulations

The minimum driving age is 18. Speed limits are 50kph (31mph) in built-up areas, 90-100kph (56-62mph) on main roads and 120-140kph (75-87mph) on motorways. Seat belts and warning triangles are compulsory. Trams have the right of way. Headlights must be switched on at all times.

Getting Around By Road

When driving in Poland you need to keep your wits about you; this can be quite a trying place for motorists, especially along country roads and at night.

Road Classification

Major inter-city routes use the prefix 'E' and motorways use 'A'. Most petrol stations located along international routes are open 24 hours a day.

Road Quality

Road quality ranges from smooth brand-new motorways to narrow, pot-holed single lanes, with horse-drawn carts, tractors and other agricultural machinery in abundance.

Side Of Road

r

Taxi

Taxis are easily available and not too expensive in towns and cities. Hail them on the street or go to a postój taksówek (taxi stand). Avoid unlicensed pirate (called ‘mafia’ in Poland) taxis.

Urban Travel

Warsaw: In Warsaw, the Municipal Transport Board (ZTM) is responsible for the bus, metro and tram services. ZTM tickets are valid for all services and can be purchased as a single ride or as a day, week or monthly pass. Some buses allow the purchase of tickets on board but require exact change; it is best to buy before you use any transport.

Cracow: The MPK is the transport board responsible for public buses and trams in Cracow and the system works similarly to the one in Warsaw, except there is no metro. Public transport tickets are available in all towns at green Ruch (traffic) kiosks, hotels and post offices. Most public transport operates from 0500-2300; night buses, in the major cities, run from 2300-0500.

Taxis are available in all main towns. You can usually find them at ranks or order them by phone. There is a surcharge (rate 2) from 2300-0500 and for journeys out of town, as well as at weekends. Taxi drivers are not normally tipped, unless the driver has been helpful and/or the journey seamless.

Travel Advice

Ukraine-Poland border

Russian military strikes have taken place in Ukraine within 20km of the Polish border. Access to the border is restricted. See Safety and security.

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

Get travel advice updates

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated. 

Follow and contact FCDO:   

• travel advice on X

• travel advice on Facebook

• Travel Aware on Instagram

This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of the current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Poland set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact Polish Embassy in the UK.

Passport validity requirements

Poland follows Schengen area rules. Your passport must have:

• a 'date of issue' less than 10 years before the date you arrive – if you renewed your passport before 1 October 2018, it may have a date of issue that is more than 10 years ago
• an 'expiry date' at least 3 months after the day you plan to leave the Schengen area

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

Dual nationals

If you are a British-Polish dual national, you must enter and exit Poland using a Polish passport or Polish national identity card. There are regular cases of Polish border guards allowing dual nationals to enter on their British passport, but refusing exit on the British passport.

Children born to Polish or British-Polish dual national parents in the UK are automatically granted Polish citizenship, regardless of the child's place of birth. The requirement to exit Poland using Polish documentation will apply.

Find out how to apply for a Polish passport before travelling to Poland (in Polish). Check with the Polish Embassy in the UK if in doubt about your circumstances.

Visa requirements

You can travel without a visa to the Schengen area, which includes Poland, for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. This applies if you travel:

• as a tourist
• to visit family or friends
• to attend business meetings, cultural or sports events
• for short-term studies or training

The requirements for working in Poland are different.

If you're travelling to other Schengen countries as well, make sure your whole visit is within the 90-day limit. Visits to Schengen countries in the 180 days before you travel count towards your 90 days. If you overstay the 90-day visa-free limit, you may be banned from entering Schengen countries for up to 3 years.

If you're a visitor, border guards will look at your entry and exit stamps to check you have not overstayed the 90-day visa-free limit for the Schengen area.

If your passport is missing a stamp, show evidence of when and where you entered or left the Schengen area (for example, boarding passes or tickets) and ask the border guards to add the date and location in your passport.

At Polish border control, you may also need to:

• show a return or onward ticket
• prove that you have enough money for your stay

Staying longer than 90 days in a 180-day period

To stay longer, you must meet the Polish government's entry requirements. Check which type of visa or work permit you need with the Polish Embassy in the UK.

If you are in Poland with a residence permit or long-stay visa, this does not count towards your 90-day visa-free limit.

See more details about the rules if you live in Poland and read the Polish Border Guards guidance.

Land border crossings 

Entering Poland from Ukraine

The main border crossing points to enter Poland from Ukraine are listed on the Ukrainian government website. Prepare for potential long delays at border crossings.

Access to within 15m of the Poland-Ukraine border is restricted. Observe this restriction at all times unless you're at a designated border crossing point. Follow the instructions of Polish authorities if you are in this area.

If you have arrived in Poland from Ukraine and are in need of assistance, call +48 22 311 0000 or +44 1908 516 666 and select the option for 'consular services for British nationals'. You can also send an enquiry using the web contact form.

Entering Poland from Belarus

FCDO advises against all travel to Belarus. The Kuzniсa-Bruzgi road border crossing is currently closed. In February 2023, traffic was suspended at the Bobrowniki border crossing until further notice. More border checkpoints may close or impose restrictions at short notice and other disruption is possible.

Access to parts of the Polish border with Belarus is restricted.The regulations, which came into force on 13 June for 90 days and were extended on 11 September for another 90 days, prohibit access to the border in specific areas controlled by the Polish Border Guard posts at Narewka, Białowieża, Dubicze Cerkiewne and Czeremcha. In some areas, access is restricted to within 200m of the border and in others to within 2km. See precise details of the restricted areas (in Polish).

You should check the Polish Border Guards guidance (in Polish), observe these regulations at all times and follow the instructions of the Polish authorities if you are in these areas.

Other Polish borders

Border checkpoints may close or impose restrictions at short notice and other disruption is possible. Check the Polish Border Guards guidance (in Polish) and follow the instructions of the Polish authorities if you are in these areas.

Border controls at Germany's land borders

There are temporary border controls in place to travel into Germany. Check the entry requirements for Germany.

Vaccine requirements

For details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Poland guide.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into and out of Poland. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.   

Taking food and drink into Poland

You cannot take meat, milk or products containing them into EU countries. There are some exceptions such as powdered baby milk, baby food and special foods or pet feed required for medical reasons. 

Taking money into Poland

Declare cash or travellers cheques if the value is 10,000 euros or more. You will get a certified declaration to show you brought it in with you. If you do not, your money could be seized when you leave.

Terrorism 

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.     

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Poland

Terrorist attacks in Poland cannot be ruled out.

Attacks could be indiscriminate including in places visited by foreign nationals. Stay aware of your surroundings, keep up to date with local media reports and follow the advice of local authorities.

Russian invasion of Ukraine

Some Russian military strikes in Ukraine have hit within 20km of the Polish border.   

In 2022, there was an explosion in Przewodów near the Ukrainian border killing 2 Polish nationals. For the latest information, see Ukraine travel advice.  

Access to the land borders with Ukraine and Belarus are restricted. See Entry requirements.

Political situation and demonstrations

Public demonstrations are common. Marches and gatherings are mostly peaceful and well-policed, but take extra care in crowded places. Demonstrations, marches and gatherings can attract violence. Monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

Crime

Racially-motivated attacks   

Most visitors do not experience any difficulties. Serious crime against foreigners is rare, but crimes do occur and in some cases attacks have been racially motivated.

Protecting yourself and your belongings

Be alert to street crime and petty theft. Criminals view foreigners as easy targets. Keep valuables and cash out of sight, especially:

• in crowded areas
• in tourist spots
• at main rail stations and on all train services and overnight sleeper trains

To reduce your personal risk:

• avoid walking in isolated areas alone, especially at night
• take care after withdrawing cash

Unofficial taxi drivers

Unofficial taxi drivers often overcharge. Passengers have been attacked, including sexual assaults, in unofficial taxis and cars booked using ride share apps. See further advice from the Polish police (in Polish).

Do not use unofficial taxis. Official taxis will:

• have the name and telephone number of the taxi company on the door and top of the taxi
• show a rate card on the window of the vehicle

Taxis with a crest but no company name are not official.

Drink spiking and alcohol

Victims of spiked drinks have been robbed in bars and clubs. Be careful about taking drinks from strangers or leaving your drink unattended.

Check your bill carefully when buying drinks in bars and nightclubs. Alcohol can reduce your vigilance, making you less in control. Visitors have been overcharged when paying for drinks at the end of the night by debit or credit card.      

Laws and cultural differences

Personal ID

Always carry ID. A printed copy of the photo page of your passport is acceptable.

Dual nationals

Dual Polish-British nationals will be treated as a Polish national if arrested or detained by the Polish authorities.

Alcohol laws

It is illegal to drink alcohol in public places. The police can arrest you and you could get a fine.

If you are drunk in a public place, the police can take you to a clinic to be medically assessed. You must stay there until you are sober, including overnight, and pay for your stay.

LGBT+ travellers

Same-sex sexual activity is legal, but Polish law does not recognise same-sex marriages and civil partnerships.

Small towns and rural areas can be less tolerant towards LGBT+ travellers. There are LGBT+friendly restaurants, clubs and bars in many towns and cities including Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw, Poznan, Gdansk and Sopot.

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Jaywalking

Police can fine you if you are jaywalking – ignoring pedestrian crossings or signals.

Photography

Avoid taking photographs of military or other security installations and any buildings or items of national infrastructure where there are signs prohibiting photography. This includes some border areas.

Transport risks

Reflective clothing

Walkers and cyclists must wear a reflective item at night in non built-up areas. The authorities may hold you responsible if you are involved in an accident and not wearing a reflective item. If police stop you without a reflective item, you could get a fine of 100 Polish zloty (around £20).

Public transport

Validate your public transport ticket at the start of the journey. You will get a fine if inspectors find you travelling on an invalid or unvalidated ticket.

Road travel

If you are planning to drive in Poland, see information on driving abroad and check the rules of the road in the RAC's Poland guide. The guide lists driving regulations and other legal requirements you need to be aware of.

You can use a UK photocard driving licence to drive in Poland for up to 6 months. If you still have a paper driving licence, you may need to update it to a photocard licence or get the 1968 version of the international driving permit (IDP) as well. 

When driving, always bring your:

• driving licence
• ID
• car registration document
• insurance documents

You will need to show these if you are stopped by the police or if you cross non-Schengen borders. If you do not have them, the police may take your vehicle and charge fees.

Check if you need a UK sticker to drive your car outside the UK.

Hire car companies often have stricter requirements for their customers, such as a year of driving experience, a higher minimum age and holding an IDP. Most car rental companies will not allow you to take a hire car across the Poland-Ukraine border.

If you want to drive for longer than 6 months, see driving requirements for residents. 

Road conditions

Roadworks are frequent, particularly in summer, as the road network is repaired and upgraded. The major roads are heavily used by transport vehicles as Poland is a major east-west transit route.

Minor roads and even some main roads between major towns and cities can be narrow and poorly surfaced. Driving after dark on these roads is difficult.

Tolls

You must pay road tolls on some stretches of motorways, expressways and national roads. See the toll operator website for details.

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Telephone 112 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance or medical assistance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Poland
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Poland, including biting insects and ticks.

Medication

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

Healthcare in Poland

Public medical facilities in Poland are similar to those in the UK. Private medical facilities are less expensive than the UK.

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Poland where some staff will speak English.

Health insurance cards

To get medically necessary state healthcare in Poland, you need a Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) or a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). 

The NHS's getting healthcare abroad webpage has details about:

• how to apply for a GHIC
• how to get temporary cover if you lose your card or it does not arrive in time
• who qualifies for a new EHIC instead of a GHIC
• what treatment counts as medically necessary

A GHIC or EHIC is not an alternative to travel insurance. You may have costs your GHIC or EHIC does not cover, including:

• changes to travel and accommodation bookings
• additional standard costs for treatment
• medical repatriation to the UK
• treatment that is ruled non-urgent
• private healthcare
• private clinics

There is also guidance on healthcare if you're living in Poland.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in Poland

Ambulance: 999

Fire: 998

Police: 997

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding English-speaking lawyers, funeral directors and translators and interpreters in Poland
• dealing with a death in Poland
• being arrested in Poland
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you are affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO 

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow and contact FCDO: 

• travel advice on X

• travel advice on Facebook

Risk information for British companies

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating in Poland on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Hepatitis A	Sometimes
Diphtheria	Sometimes
Malaria	No
Yellow Fever	No
Typhoid	No
Tetanus	Yes
Rabies	Sometimes

Overview:

Travel insurance is advised for all visitors. In some medical cases, if you are European, you might be able to receive free treatment if you can show proof of a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) obtained in your country of origin.

The overall standards of healthcare in Poland are excellent. Hospitals and surgeries are well equipped and staff are proficient. In pharmacies, over-the-counter advice is given and standard medicines are sold.

Food Drink:

Mains and well water is safe to drink, but don't drink water from rivers or lakes even if it looks pristine - it may contain bacteria or viruses that can bring on diarrhoea and vomiting. Milk is pasteurised and dairy products are safe for consumption. Local meat, poultry, seafood, fruit and vegetables are generally considered safe to eat.

Two words of caution - a lot of dishes in Polish cuisine are stuffed or wrapped. Avoid them at a cafeteria or buffet if they look like they have outlasted their shelf life. Also, Poles can be big drinkers and vodka is the national drink. You definitely won't be able to keep up with your fellow drinkers for long. Go easy and either miss a few turns or sip your drink in stages. Otherwise count on the mother of all hangovers and an upset stomach the next day.

Other Risks:

Vaccinations against tuberculosis and hepatitis B are sometimes recommended. Another one is against tick-borne encephalitis. This is spread by small insects that burrow under the skin and in recent years has become a common problem in parts of central and eastern Europe. Encephalitis is a serious infection of the brain, and vaccination is advised particularly for campers and hikers. Anyone who is considering spending a lot of time outdoors in affected areas should consider getting the jab before they leave home. Two inoculations of the vaccine will protect the recipient for a year while three doses provide protection for up to three years.

Currency Information:

Złoty (PLN; symbol zł) = 100 groszy. Notes are in denominations of zł200, 100, 50, 20 and 10. The coins are in denominations of zł5, 2 and 1, and 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 groszy. Poland is required under the terms of its accession to the European Union in 2004 to adopt the Euro as its national currency sometime in the future but this is not expected to happen for at least three years.

Credit Cards:

American Express, Diners Club, MasterCard and Visa are accepted in larger establishments. You can obtain cash from Visa credit and debit cards at banks and from ATMs. MasterCard is also accepted by some ATMs.

ATMs:

You can obtain cash from Visa credit and debit cards at most ATMs. Most also accept MasterCard, Cirrus and Maestro cards.

Travellers Cheques:

These can be exchanged but they’re usually more expensive and troublesome than ATM withdrawals. Also, exchanging traveller’s cheques in Poland has been reported to be problematic; most bureaux de change (kantors) won’t change them and the banks that do usually charge a commission on top of the one you’ve already paid when buying the traveller’s cheques.

Banking Hours:

Mon-Fri 0900-1600, Sat 0900-1300 in main cities. In smaller towns, banking hours are more limited.

Currency Restrictions:

The import and export of local and foreign currency is unrestricted. Amounts over €10,000 or equivalent must be declared if travelling from or to countries outside the European Union.

Currency Exchange:

You can exchange foreign currency at all border crossing points, hotels and bureaux de change (kantors), some of which are open 24 hours. These are always good bets as they are fast, efficient and generally charge no commission (though it’s always safe to double-check their rate of exchange). Hotel rates and goods in large stores may also be listed in Euros, but payment is usually expected in złoty.

Currencies

Code	Symbol
PLN	zł

Exchange Rates

2.82

4.42

5.27

4.26

Language

Polish is the official language. There are a few small German-speaking communities primarily in the southwest. English and, increasingly less so, Russian are also spoken. French is also popular.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

.

List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2024-01-01 00:00:00	0
Easter Monday	2024-04-01 00:00:00	0
State Holiday	2024-05-01 00:00:00	0
Constitution Day	2024-05-03 00:00:00	0
Ascension Day	2024-05-09 00:00:00	0
Corpus Christi	2024-05-30 00:00:00	0
Assumption	2024-08-15 00:00:00	0
All Saint's Day	2024-11-01 00:00:00	0
Independence Day	2024-11-11 00:00:00	0
Christmas Day	2024-12-25 00:00:00	0
Second Day of Christmas	2024-12-26 00:00:00	0

Overview:

Poland is within the European Union. If you are travelling from outside of the EU, you are entitled to buy fragrance, skincare, cosmetics, Champagne, wine, selected spirits, fashion accessories, gifts and souvenirs - all at tax-free equivalent prices.

Poland's duty-free allowance for travellers from EU countries:

If you are over 17 years old, you are free to buy and take goods with you when travelling between EU countries, provided that you have paid tax on these goods and they are for your own use (not for sale). However, if you bring in more than the following, customs officials are likely to question you:
• 800 cigarettes; 400 cigarillos; 200 cigars; 1kg of tobacco.
• 90L of still wine (of which may be not more than 60L of sparkling wine).
• 110L of beer.
• 20L fortified wine (such as port or sherry).
• 10L of ethyl alcohol.

Beware that each EU country has different rules for travellers under 17 years old. Please check before you travel.

Poland's duty-free allowance for travellers from non-EU countries:

If you are arriving from a non-EU country, the following goods may be imported into Poland by travellers without incurring customs duty:

• Air and sea travellers with a minimum age of 17 years: 200 cigarettes or 100 cigarillos (max 3 grams each) or 50 cigars or 250g of tobacco; 50ml liquids for electronic cigarettes; 40g innovative tobacco products.

• Land travellers with a minimum age of 17 years: 40 cigarettes or 20 cigarillos (max 3 grams each) or 10 cigars or 50g of tobacco; 10ml liquids for electronic cigarettes; 8g innovative tobacco products.

You may combine any of these tobacco products provided you do not exceed the total limit.

• Visitors over 17 years old may also import 4L of wine and 16L of beer and 1L of spirits over 22% volume, or 2L of alcoholic beverages less than 22% volume, or a proportional mix of these products provided the limit is not exceeded.

• Other goods up to the value of €430 for air and sea travellers and €300 for other travellers (reduced to €150 for children under 15).

.

Banned Imports:

Unlicensed firearms and ammunition, narcotics, meat, fish dairy products from outside the EU. Endangered species require a permit.

You may only import small quantities of plants, fruit and vegetables for personal use, otherwise they require a phytosanitary certificate.

There is a ban on the import of the following goods from the Russian Federation into the EU: diamonds, gold, jewelry, cigarettes, cosmetics, seafood (e.g. caviar), spirits (e.g. vodka), shoes, clothing and smartwatches.

Telephone:

You can buy telephone cards from post offices, newspaper kiosks and hotel receptions for both domestic and international calls.

Mobile Telephone:

Roaming agreements exist with most international mobile phone companies; most of the country is covered. You can buy local SIM cards once in Poland and use them in unlocked GSM handsets, with top-ups available at phone shops, newspaper kiosks and some ATMs.

Internet:

There are many internet cafés in cities and Wi-Fi is available in hotels, hostels and cafés and plenty of other public spaces.

Post

Count on three days for post to reach the UK and up to a week for the USA.

Post Office Hours:

Mon-Fri 0800-1800 (0800-2000 in major cities); some offices are open on Saturday until 1300. The main post offices in major cities are open daily, 24 hours.

Media:

State-owned TV (TVP) still has the largest share of the audience for its two national channels. It also operates regional programmes and the international satellite channels. TVN operates the leading commercial TV channels. Polsat also operates a digital pay-TV platform. Up to a quarter of Poles also watch foreign television channels through cable or satellite. State-owned Polskie Radio (Polish Radio) reaches just over half of the population and there are six national stations and 17 regional ones on the air.

There are more than 300 newspapers, most of them local or regional. Although fewer people in Poland may be connected to broadband connections than those in other EU countries (due to a delay in infrastructure in rural areas), freedom of the press and communications availability is held as an important priority.

The principal dailies are Gazeta Wyborcza, Rzeczpospolita and the tabloid Super Express. The biggest selling daily, Fakt, is a populist tabloid with over 7 million readers. Weeklies include Gazeta Polska, Polityka and Wprost. English-language publications include the weeklies The Warsaw Voice (www.warsawvoice.pl) and New Poland Express (www.newpolandexpress.pl).

Sail your way through the Masurian Lake District

The Masurian Lake District, consisting of over 1,000 lakes, is a favourite angling and boating destination. A popular trail can take you past several lakes and canals. Local towns such as Mikołajki and Giżycko host sea-shanty festivals and other lively events.

Hit the beaches of the Pomeranian coast

Poland boasts some of the very best beaches in northern Europe, especially the resorts along the Pomeranian coast, such as large and fashionable Kołobrzeg or Łeba, whose beach is of fabulous white sand. The beach connects to the Słowiński National Park, known for its giant "wandering sand dunes" which can shift several metres each year.

Travel by horse-drawn sleigh

A horse-drawn sleigh ride is a magical experience, though be sure to have either warmed beer or heated honey vodka afterwards. Snow falls throughout Poland during the winter months so these types of rides are on offer all over the country, but principally in the Tatras at Zakopane.

Climb the Tatras Mountains

For alpine diversions there's nowhere better than the Tatras. Zakopane is a centre for climbing and winter sports where a fairy-tale atmosphere pervades with its "gingerbread" wooden cottages – some inhabitants still wear traditional goralski (highlander) dress. Visit the beautiful Kościeliska Valley, Mount Kasprowy Wierch and the emerald-green glacial lake Morskie Oko.

Go mushroom picking

Going for a long meandering walk in the woods to pick mushrooms in the early autumn is a great way to spend a day in Poland. In fact, mushroom picking has been a Polish tradition for centuries, and many delicious varieties exist in the country. Just be sure to go with an experienced mushrooms expert.

See the bison in Białowieża National Park

Białowieża National Park is the last major refuge of the European bison as well as being home to many other rare forest-dwelling species, and trees up to 500 years old. Nature trails, cycling and exploring with a ranger are on offer.

Go hiking in Poland's nature reserves

There are few things more inspiring than a march through Poland's national parks and nature reserves. Hikers should visit Kampinos National Park near Warsaw, while the Bieszczady National Park, part of the Carpathian Mountain, contains the surviving fragments of the Great Bieszczady Forest, home to lynx, wolf, wildcat and up to 120 brown bears.

Wander the medieval town of Toruń

The medieval walled town of Toruń is one of Poland's best sights. The well-preserved Gothic treasure straddling the mighty Vistula river is made up of quaint cobbled streets, redbrick houses and old fortifications. Also Copernicus was born here, as was the special pierniki gingerbread loved throughout Poland.

Explore the old port city of Gdańsk

Gdańsk is home to the largest Gothic church in Poland, St Mary's Basilica, while the beach resort at nearby Sopot has the Molo, Europe's longest pier at 515m (1700ft). Within easy reach are the forested Hel Peninsula and beach, the Kashubian Lakeland, and the Teutonic castles at Malbork and Gniew.

Wander the pretty town of Wrocław

Known as Breslau in German and long a part of the German Empire, Wrocław is a diverse city. Visually, it's unique, with some 100 bridges crossing canals or connecting the city's many islands. Important sights include the 15th-century town hall, now the City Historical Museum, the giant Racławice Panorama, and the cathedral on Ostrów Tumski (Cathedral Island).

Visit the Icon of the Black Madonna

The Icon of the Black Madonna, also known as the miraculous painting of Our Lady, can be seen in the huge Jasna Góra monastery complex at Czestochowa, 100km (60 miles) north of Cracow. It is reputed to have been painted by St Luke.

Delve into the Wieliczka Salt Mine

The spectacular Wieliczka Salt Mine, located just outside Cracow, is one of Poland's premier tourist attractions. Built in the 13th century, the UNESCO-listed site boasts 300km (186 miles) of shafts and tunnels, which are festooned with statues and chapels hewn out of salt by miners. Just 2km (1.2 miles) of the mine is accessible to visitors and the tourist route takes visitors 135m (445ft) underground as it passes through impressive chambers, with bas-reliefs, chandeliers and a chapel sculpted.

Soak up the medieval vibes of Cracow

You'll immediately feel the charming medieval atmosphere of UNESCO-listed Cracow, one of Europe's most significant historical sites. In the middle of the main market square (the largest in Europe) is the Cloth Hall, which dates back to 14th-century. There's also the fascinating former Jewish quarter and its 16th-century Remuh synagogue, Wawel Castle and the Gothic cathedral. Great bars and restaurants abound.

Enter Lublin through the Cracow Gate

The primary entrance into the Old Town, the Cracow Gate is considered to be the landmark symbol of Lublin. Built in the late 14th century and remodelled in 1782, its tower of red brick was part of the original city fortifications. It also houses a historical museum.

Learn about the Holocaust at Auschwitz

The victims of the Holocaust are remembered at Oświęcim-Birkenau (Auschwitz-Birkenau) concentration camp, now a state museum 66km (41 miles) from Cracow. Visiting is a sobering experience, but helps give you perspective on one of history's darkest periods.

Visit the Old City of Zamość

The Renaissance-style market square in Zamość with its almost perfectly preserved 16th-century town centre is just one of the many designated UNESCO World Heritage sites in Poland. The stunning Old City was built by architect Bernando Morando, who followed Italian models of the 'ideal city'.

Visit the house of Poland's greatest composer Chopin

The manor house where the famous Polish composer Frederic Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 53km (33 miles) west of Warsaw, makes for a great day trip. Attractions include attractive gardens, summertime recitals and 19th-century instruments and furniture used by the great man.

Learn about the resistance in the Warsaw Rising Museum

A walk through the Warsaw Rising Museum is an educational and interactive experience that anyone interested in Poland's World War II history should not miss. The museum features films, testimonials, slides and artefacts from the war when Warsaw residents were active in the resistance.

Visit Warsaw's reconstructed Old Town

Although much of it was destroyed during World War II, the Polish capital of Warsaw still deserves your attention. The Old Town was so masterfully reconstructed from original plans and paintings from the 17th and 18th centuries that it's hard to believe it's just a half a century old when you stroll its quaint cobbled streets. For an unforgettable view of the city, take a lift to the observation deck atop the Palace of Culture and Science, one of Warsaw's architectural icons.

Overview

More than anything else, arts and crafts are the main things to shop for on a visit to Poland. Particularly popular items that are widely available include glass and enamelware, hand-woven rugs, silverware, jewellery made with silver, dolls in regional costumes, woodcarvings and clay and metal sculptures. The nationwide chain Cepelia (www.cepelia.pl), with branches in most big cities, is the place to head first - its shops stock a good range of local handicrafts. Another much loved item available widely is amber, especially in the north of the country in and around Gdańsk. This can be sold in many forms, from large lumps to exquisitely carved necklaces.

For more standard shopping experiences, Warsaw and Cracow are the best bets. Both cities have a large number of department and clothing stores, many of which are international chains. Warsaw also has the country's best selection of art on sale, ranging from smart art galleries to informal art markets. Your best bet for art, bric-a-brac, curios and the odd real antique is a chain of shops called Desa Unicum (www.desa.pl). Bear in mind that the export of anything produced up until the end of WWII in 1945 is strictly controlled (though the people at Desa Unicum are very familiar with the procedures and will help with the necessary paperwork).

Polish posters are renowned around the world for their bold colours and striking graphics. They’ve become major collector’s items and the best ones are not cheap, but have a look at specialised shops and galleries in Warsaw and Cracow.

Opening Hours

Mon-Fri 1000-1800/2000 and Sat 1000-1300/1600. 'Night shops' open 24 hours. Supermarkets and department stores are usually open daily 1000-1900.

Overview

You've not really experienced Poland until you've had a plate of pierogi. Crescent-shaped and made from dough, they are a bit like ravioli in that they are stuffed with a whole range of fillings, including cottage cheese, potato and onion, minced meat, sauerkraut or even fruit, then fried or boiled.

There's much more to Polish food than its pierogi, however. A wide range of ingredients populate the kitchen here, including dill, marjoram, caraway seeds, wild mushrooms and sour cream, which is frequently added to soups, sauces and braised meats.

Soups play an important part at mealtimes and are usually rich and very thick. A staple soup is żurek made with stock, bacon, onion, mushrooms and sour cream, and is given a distinctive, almost sour taste with the addition of kwas, a kind of fermented rye flour. It's often accompanied by hard-boiled egg or kiełbasa (Polish sausage).

Main courses include fish dishes using trout, carp and herring, as well as stuffed cabbage leaves, pork chops and other heavy-going, meaty fare. Polish cuisine is also noticeable for its pastries; you'll find a wide selection in the cukiernia, a patisserie or cake shop. Poles traditionally wish each other smacznego, the Polish equivalent of ‘bon appetit’, at the start of a meal. They end it in a delightful way too – by saying thank you to one another!

Regional Specialities

Tipping

A tip of 10 to 15% is customary in restaurants and cafés. Usually you just add it in and tell the waiter how much you are paying in total (including the tip). Do not just hand the waiter a note and say 'thank you' at the same time, which here means 'keep the change'.

Drinking Age

18.

Hotels

Most major international hotel chains are represented in Poland; the largest local chain is run by Orbis (www.orbis.pl), with more than 60 properties nationwide.

Grading: Hotels in Poland are graded in five categories: Luxury, 4-star, 3-star, 2-star and 1-star. In addition there are tourist hotels, boarding houses and motels, each graded into three or four categories. At the bottom of the heap are sports and workers’ hotels, many of which look they are stuck in a 1960s time warp.

Camping Caravaning

There are over about 200 campsites in Poland, nearly 75% of which are fitted with 220-volt power points and several with 24-volt points for caravans. Facilities also include washrooms, canteens and food kiosks. The main camping season is June to August; popular places to camp include the Baltic Sea coast and the Great Masurian Lakes Region. Holders of an international camping card (FICC) qualify for a 10% discount on rates. There are private campsites too, often no more extravagant than a homeowner's garden but a godsend in oversubscribed areas at the height of the season.

Other

History

The history of Poland begins in the Early Middle Ages with the migration of Slavs into the area, which by the 10th century had established a permanent settlement and founded the nascent Polish state. At its peak, it was one of the large nations in Europe, prospering under a commonwealth with Lithuania, but by the 18th century its territory had been reduced to little more than a buffer state between the three kingdoms of Austria, Prussia and Russia. Between 1772 and 1795, the country was carved up amongst the three countries and did not gain independence again until the end of WWI in 1918.

In 1926, a military regime under Józef Piłsudski ousted the civilian administration and governed Poland until the country was once again dismembered by its powerful neighbours, Germany and the Soviet Union, under the terms of their so-called Anti-Aggression Pact of 1939. Commitments by the UK to defend Polish sovereignty were ignored when Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, starting World War II.

In 1941, the Germans drove the Soviet army out of Poland and were themselves ejected four years later. At the end of World War II, the Soviet-backed Polish Workers' Party formed a coalition government under Władysław Gomułka, until he was dismissed in 1948. In the same year, the Polish Workers' Party merged with the Polish Socialist Party to form the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR).

In 1956, Gomułka returned to power amidst growing unrest to implement a plan of gradual liberalisation of society and the economy. After disturbances in the industrial ports of Gdańsk, Gdynia and Szczecin in 1970, Gomułka was replaced as first secretary of the party by Edward Gierek.

In 1981, with the backing of Moscow, the former army chief of staff, General Wojciech Jaruzelski, replaced Kania and imposed martial law in response to the Solidarity labour movement, which was banned. The early 1980s saw a tense standoff between the state and the unions, which did not ease until the Gorbachev era.

In 1989, following the virtual collapse of the Polish economy and the falling of the Berlin Wall, the PZPR government opened genuine negotiations with Solidarity, which was legalised, paving the way for semi-free elections. In 1990, Solidarity's Wałesa became the first popularly elected president of Poland. Poland joined NATO in 1997 and the European Union in 2004.

Did you know?
• Poland was not a sovereign state from 1795 to 1918, but desire for a Polish nation burned fiercely unceasingly through the period.
• The Polish constitution was the first in Europe and the second in the world, after India.
• Roughly one third of Poles are thought to live abroad.

Religion

More than 95% identify as Roman Catholic; Polish Autocephalous Orthodox (so-called Old Believers), Russian and Greek Orthodox, Protestants and Jews make up the other 5%.

Social Conventions

Poles are friendly, industrious people and foreigners are usually made very welcome. There are vast contrasts between urban and rural life and the Polish peasantry is very religious and conservative, maintaining a traditional lifestyle. Roman Catholicism plays an important role in daily life and criticism or jokes about religion are not appreciated, despite the general good humour of the people.

Shaking hands is the normal form of greeting; an older man will often kiss a woman’s hand. Normal courtesies are observed when visiting private homes, and it is customary to bring flowers, preferably in odd numbers. Fairly conservative casual wear is the most suitable attire, but dress should be formal when specified for entertaining in the evening or in a smart restaurant. Smoking is banned in public places, including railway stations, restaurants and bars.

Best Time To Visit:

Poland’s climate is temperate with warm (sometimes very hot) summers, crisp, sunny autumns and cold winters. Snow covers the mountainous area in the south of Poland (mid-December to April). Rain falls throughout the year.

The most pleasant times to visit Poland are late spring and early summer (May-June) and late summer and early autumn (September-October), when it's still warm and the crowds of tourists have either not yet arrived or already gone home. The added advantages of these shoulder seasons is that you’ll hit the asparagus season in spring and enjoy the best hiking conditions in early autumn.

.

Required Clothing

Light- to mediumweights are worn during warmer months. Medium- to heavyweight clothing is needed during winter. Rainwear is advisable all year. You might also want to bring good walking shoes/hiking boots for urban/rural exploration. In general Poles dress casually, but where there is an event on, it’s to the nines. If you expect to attend a wedding or red-letter party, bring something dressy.

Dialing Code:

+48

Area(sq km):

312685

Population:

37.846.611

Population Density(per sq km):

123

Population Year:

2020

EU Member:

Yes

Main emergency number

112